3,948 research outputs found

    Military institutionalism and liberal constitutionalism in Chile

    Get PDF

    High chance that current atmospheric greenhouse concentrations commit to warmings greater than 1.5 °C over land

    Get PDF
    This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record.The recent Paris UNFCCC climate meeting discussed the possibility of limiting global warming to 2 °C since pre-industrial times, or possibly even 1.5 °C, which would require major future emissions reductions. However, even if climate is stabilised at current atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, those warming targets would almost certainly be surpassed in the context of mean temperature increases over land only. The reason for this is two-fold. First, current transient warming lags significantly below equilibrium or "committed" warming. Second, almost all climate models indicate warming rates over land are much higher than those for the oceans. We demonstrate this potential for high eventual temperatures over land, even for contemporary GHG levels, using a large set of climate models and for which climate sensitivities are known. Such additional land warming has implications for impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and human well-being. This suggests that even if massive and near-immediate emissions reductions occur such that atmospheric GHGs increase further by only small amounts, careful planning is needed by society to prepare for higher land temperatures in an eventual equilibrium climatic state.CH Acknowledges the NERC CEH National Capability fund

    Interactomics and targeted protein degradation for kinase substrate discovery

    Get PDF
    Reversible phosphorylation is one of the most important post translational modifications that has allowed us as a species to quickly adapt to changing molecular environments due to external stimulation. This process is only capable through the activity of kinases to carry out the targeting of specific substrates defined by their recognition motif allowing for selective phosphorylation and activation and inactivation of distinct pathways as well as other changes that permit cell survival. By being so important for the maintenance of the cells disruption often leads to worsening of the cells, leading to various diseases like cancer, immunological and neurodegenerative disorders. This is why the comprehension of kinases, and their substrates is so important for making progress in the medical care of the patients. For this exact purpose we chose Polo like kinase 2 (Plk2) as the target of study. Even though a great deal of knowledge exists about it, like the fact that it plays roles during the cell cycle, cell differentiation, ontogenesis, stress response, tumorigenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation. The mechanisms at play i.e the specific interactions that permits its function in all these systems is not entirely known. As such, we employed the use CRISPR/Cas9 as the method of genetic modification for the endogenous tagging of Plk2 with the auxin inducible degron (AID) for the selective degradation of our target. After having observed through LC/MS the limitations of being a low abundant protein, we combined proximity labeling through Turbo-ID and targeted degradation as a method of accomplishing this task. We were successful in the identification of novel substrates of Plk2 in the cell cycle, and capable of study the interactome of Plk2 in asynchronous and G1/S arrested cells. Providing a sundry of new insight into Plk2 biology and the diversification of its interactions. AID technology in combination with proximity labeling provides the next steps in the ability of study for any type of protein. Capable of gathering information about the context of the protein in regard to its environment, the interactions, and what the absence of that protein would have for specific pathways, while minimizing off-target effects

    Constructions of the soluble potentials for the non-relativistic quantum system by means of the Heun functions

    Full text link
    The Schr\"{o}dinger equation ψ"(x)+κ2ψ(x)=0\psi"(x)+\kappa^2 \psi(x)=0 where κ2=k2V(x)\kappa^2=k^2-V(x) is rewritten as a more popular form of a second order differential equation through taking a similarity transformation ψ(z)=ϕ(z)u(z)\psi(z)=\phi(z)u(z) with z=z(x)z=z(x). The Schr\"{o}dinger invariant IS(x)I_{S}(x) can be calculated directly by the Schwarzian derivative {z,x}\{z, x\} and the invariant I(z)I(z) of the differential equation uzz+f(z)uz+g(z)u=0u_{zz}+f(z)u_{z}+g(z)u=0. We find an important relation for moving particle as 2=IS(x)\nabla^2=-I_{S}(x) and thus explain the reason why the Schr\"{o}dinger invariant IS(x)I_{S}(x) keeps constant. As an illustration, we take the typical Heun differential equation as an object to construct a class of soluble potentials and generalize the previous results through choosing different ρ=z(x)\rho=z'(x) as before. We get a more general solution z(x)z(x) through integrating (z)2=α1z2+β1z+γ1(z')^2=\alpha_{1}z^2+\beta_{1}z+\gamma_{1} directly and it includes all possibilities for those parameters. Some particular cases are discussed in detail.Comment: 11 page

    Technical note: A simple theoretical model framework to describe plant stomatal "sluggishness" in response to elevated ozone concentrations

    Get PDF
    This is the final version. Available from European Geosciences Union (EGU) via the DOI in this record.Elevated levels of tropospheric ozone, O3, cause damage to terrestrial vegetation, affecting leaf stomatal functioning and reducing photosynthesis. Climatic impacts under future raised atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will also impact on the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation, which might for instance alter viability of some crops. Together, ozone damage and climate change may adjust the current ability of terrestrial vegetation to offset a significant fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Climate impacts on the land surface are well studied, but arguably large-scale modelling of raised surface level O3effects is less advanced. To date most models representing ozone damage use either O3concentration or, more recently, flux-uptake-related reduction of stomatal opening, estimating suppressed land-atmosphere water and CO2fluxes. However there is evidence that, for some species, O3damage can also cause an inertial sluggishness of stomatal response to changing surface meteorological conditions. In some circumstances (e.g. droughts), this loss of stomata control can cause them to be more open than without ozone interference. To both aid model development and provide empiricists with a system on to which measurements can be mapped, we present a parameter-sparse framework specifically designed to capture sluggishness. This contains a single time-delay parameter τO3, characterizing the timescale for stomata to catch up with the level of opening they would have without damage. The larger the value of this parameter, the more sluggish the modelled stomatal response. Through variation of τO3, we find it is possible to have qualitatively similar responses to factorial experiments with and without raised O3, when comparing to reported measurement time series presented in the literature. This low-parameter approach lends itself to the inclusion of ozone-induced inertial effects being incorporated in the terrestrial vegetation component of Earth system models (ESMs).NERC-CEH National Capability FundNatural Environment Research Counci

    Usage and Attitudes of Physicians in Japan Concerning Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo Medicine): A Descriptive Evaluation of a Representative Questionnaire-Based Survey

    Get PDF
    Kampo medicine has been the primary medical model in Japan until the mid 1800s, regained a prominent role in today's Japanese medical system. Today, 148 herbal Kampo formulas can be prescribed under the national health insurance system, allowing physicians to integrate Kampo in their daily practice. This article aims to provide information about the extent to which Kampo is now used in clinics throughout Japan and about physician's current attitudes toward Kampo. We used the results of a 2008 survey that was administered to physicians throughout Japan (n = 684). The data showed that 83.5% of physicians currently use Kampo in the clinic, although the distribution of physicians who use Kampo differ widely depending on the specialty and provided a breakdown of Kampo usage by specialty. It will be interesting to see how each specialty incorporates Kampo into its respective field as Kampo continues to play a pertinent role in Japanese medical system

    Evaluating the Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Used By Transport Network Vehicle Services

    Get PDF
    This research assessed the level of effectiveness of the 4Ps or the marketing mix employed by Grab Car using the Four Ps of Marketing—Price, Place, Promotion, and to identify if Grab Car really is living up to the expectations of the riding public in the NCR. Findings may have shown that passengers are satisfied with the services provided by Grab Car, focusing on the concerns of the commuters can still be used by Grab and other Transport Network Vehicle Services in improving their marketing strategies. Keywords: Grab Car, Marketing Mix, Marketing Strategies, Transport Network Vehicle Service

    Chickadee songs provide hidden clues to singers’ locations

    Get PDF
    Funding: LMG was supported by an Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship (IWKMS) at UofA and is currently a BBSRC Anniversary Future Leader Fellow.Coordination of actions requires that organisms actively monitor the movements of others. The current study examined acoustic cues within the fee-bee song of chickadees that may provide listening conspecifics with information about the movements of singers. The difference between direct and reverberant acoustic energy present during the second note of the fee-bee song provided clear indications of how far the song had traveled. Preliminary analyses suggest that this distance cue may be robust to variations in the spectra and amplitude of song components,and that the acoustic features of the fee-bee song may facilitate simultaneous comparisons of reverberating fees with directly received bees by listening birds. Comparing coincident reverberation with directly received sounds may be a previously unsuspected way that animals living in reverberant environments can monitor the movements and interactions of conspecifics.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
    corecore