Identifying knowledge gaps in understanding the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on fish behaviour

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants increasingly prescribed to treat patients with clinical depression. As a result of the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population's mental health, its consumption is expected to increase even more. The high consumption of these substances leads to their environmental dissemination, with evidence of their ability to compromise molecular, biochemical, physiological, and behavioural endpoints in non-target organisms. This study aimed to provide a critical review of the current knowledge regarding the effects of SSRI antidepressants on fish ecologically relevant behaviours and personality-dependent traits. A literature review shows limited data concerning the impact of fish personality on their responses to contaminants and how such responses could be influenced by SSRIs. This lack of information may be attributable to a lack of widely adopted standardized protocols for evaluating behavioural responses in fish. The existing studies examining the effects of SSRIs across various biological levels overlook the intra-specific variations in behaviour and physiology associated with different personality patterns or coping styles. Consequently, some effects may remain undetected, such as variations in coping styles and the capacity to handle environmental stressors. This oversight could potentially result in long-term effects with ecological implications. Data support the need for more studies to understand the impact of SSRIs on personality-dependent traits and how they may impair fitness-related behaviours. Given the considerable cross-species similarity in the personality dimensions, the collected data may allow new insights into the correlation between personality and animal fitness

NewsImages : Addressing the Depiction Gap with an Online News Dataset for Text-Image Rematching

We present NewsImages, a dataset of online news items, and the related NewsImages rematching task. The goal of NewsImages is to provide researchers with a means of studying the depiction gap, which we define to be the difference between what an image literally depicts and the way in which it is connected to the text that it accompanies. Online news is a domain in which the image-text connection is known to be indirect: The news article does not describe what is literally depicted in the image. We validate NewsImages with experiments that show the dataset's and the task's use for studying occurring connections between image and text, as well as addressing the depiction gap, which include sparse data, diversity of content, and importance of background knowledge.Peer reviewe

Background-free four-wave mixing microscopy of small gold nanoparticles inside a multi-cellular organ

The ability to detect small metallic nanoparticles by optical microscopy inside environmentally relevant species may have a wide impact for ecotoxicology studies. Here, we demonstrate four-wave mixing microscopy on individual small gold nanoparticles inside the hepatopancreas of Oniscus Asellus, a terrestrial isopod, which ingests metals found in the soil. After the exposure to food containing 10 nm radius gold nanoparticles, hepatopancreas tubules were collected, and nanoparticles were imaged by four-wave mixing microscopy with high contrast, locating them with sub-cellular resolution in the volume, despite the significant light scattering from these multi-cellular organs. Notably, the ultrafast dynamics of the four-wave-mixing non-linearity of gold nanoparticles resonantly excited and probed at their localized surface plasmon allows them to be distinguished from other metal deposits in the hepatopancreas, which manifest as a long-lived photothermal contrast. Our findings bring unexpected insight into the location of gold nanoparticles in relation to the cell types forming the hepatopancreas. Considering its simplicity, volumetric imaging capabilities, specificity, and compatibility with living cell studies, four-wave mixing microscopy holds great potential to investigate the fate of metal nanoparticles inside biological systems

Grade Level Filtering for Learning Object Search using Entity Linking

More and more Learning Objects like lessons, exercises, worksheets and lesson plans are available online. Finding them, however, is a challenge as they often lack metadata concerning format, content and, in the K-12 context: grade-levels or age ranges for which they are appropriate. This work studies the automatic content-based assignment of this last aspect of Learning Object metadata. For this purpose, we (a) collected a dataset of physics lessons, (b) explored a set of text-based features for their automatic analysis (derived from both dense vector representations and entity linking methods) and (c) trained a machine learning model with different subsets of these features to predict a resource’s target grade level. We compare and discuss the results

Thermochemical conversion processes as a path for sustainability of the tire industry: carbon black recovery potential in a circular economy approach

The common use of tires is responsible for the production of large quantities of waste worldwide, which are landfilled or energetically recovered, with higher economical cost and known environmentally harmful consequences. This type of problem must be studied, and all efforts must be conducted to eliminate, or at least mitigate, such high costs. The use of thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, can allow the recycling and the reuse of raw materials for the tire industry, namely, in the production of carbon black, usually produced using the controlled combustion of fossil fuels. This article reports the production of torrefied and carbonized waste tire samples using a laboratorial procedure, and their subsequent laboratory characterization, specifically the elemental and proximate analysis. This preliminary approach found that carbon concentration in the produced rubber char reached values higher than 75%, indicating the possibility of its reuse in the production of carbon black to in turn be used in the production of new tires or other industrial rubber materials. The possibility of using this rubber char for other uses, such as energy recovery, is still depending on further studies, namely, the evaluation of the amount of sulfur present in the final product

Continuous evaluation of large-scale information access systems : a case for living labs

A/B testing is currently being increasingly adopted for the evaluation of commercial information access systems with a large user base since it provides the advantage of observing the efficiency and effectiveness of information access systems under real conditions. Unfortunately, unless university-based researchers closely collaborate with industry or develop their own infrastructure or user base, they cannot validate their ideas in live settings with real users. Without online testing opportunities open to the research communities, academic researchers are unable to employ online evaluation on a larger scale. This means that they do not get feedback for their ideas and cannot advance their research further. Businesses, on the other hand, miss the opportunity to have higher customer satisfaction due to improved systems. In addition, users miss the chance to benefit from an improved information access system. In this chapter, we introduce two evaluation initiatives at CLEF, NewsREEL and Living Labs for IR (LL4IR), that aim to address this growing “evaluation gap” between academia and industry. We explain the challenges and discuss the experiences organizing these living labs