5,213 research outputs found
One-loop Beta Functions for the Orientable Non-commutative Gross-Neveu Model
We compute at the one-loop order the beta-functions for a renormalisable
non-commutative analog of the Gross Neveu model defined on the Moyal plane. The
calculation is performed within the so called x-space formalism. We find that
this non-commutative field theory exhibits asymptotic freedom for any number of
colors. The beta-function for the non-commutative counterpart of the Thirring
model is found to be non vanishing.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
The ambivalent shadow of the pre-Wilsonian rise of international law
The generation of American international lawyers who founded the American Society of International Law in 1906 and nurtured the soil for what has been retrospectively called a âmoralistic legalistic approach to international relationsâ remains little studied. A survey of the rise of international legal literature in the U.S. from the mid-19th century to the eve of the Great War serves as a backdrop to the examination of the boosting effect on international law of the Spanish American War in 1898. An examination of the Insular Cases before the US Supreme Court is then accompanied by the analysis of a number of influential factors behind the pre-war rise of international law in the U.S. The work concludes with an examination of the rise of natural law doctrines in international law during the interwar period and the critiques addressed.by the realist founders of the field of âinternational relationsâ to the âmoralistic legalistic approach to international relation
Cognition-Enhancing Drugs: Can We Say No?
Normative analysis of cognition-enhancing drugs frequently weighs the liberty interests of drug users against egalitarian commitments to a level playing field. Yet those who would refuse to engage in neuroenhancement may well find their liberty to do so limited in a society where such drugs are widespread. To the extent that unvarnished emotional responses are world-disclosive, neurocosmetic practices also threaten to provide a form of faulty data to their users. This essay examines underappreciated liberty-based and epistemic rationales for regulating cognition-enhancing drugs
Understanding of the Renormalization Program in a mathematically Rigorous Framework and an Intrinsic Mass Scale
we show there exists a mathematically consistent framework in which the
Renormalization Program can be understood in a natural manner. The framework
does not require any violations of mathematical rigor usually associated with
the Renormalization program. We use the framework of the non-local field
theories [these carry a finite mass scale (\Lambda)]and set up a finite
perturbative program. We show how this program leads to the perturbation series
of the usual renormalization program [except one difference] if the series is
restructured .We further show that the comparison becomes possible if there
exists a finite mass scale (\Lambda), with certain properties, in the Quantum
Field theory [which we take to be the scale present in the nonlocal theory]. We
give a way to estimate the scale (\Lambda). We also show that the finite
perturbation program differs from the usual renormalization program by a term;
which we propose can also be used to put a bound on (\Lambda).Comment: 19 pages, a missing equation added,a reference added and a few typos
correcte
Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route Around the APA and the Constitution
The Internet relies on an underlying centralized hierarchy built into the domain name system (DNS) to control the routing for the vast majority of Internet traffic. At its heart is a single data file, known as the root. Control of the root provides singular power in cyberspace. This Article first describes how the United States government found itself in control of the root. It then describes how, in an attempt to meet concerns that the United States could so dominate an Internet chokepoint, the U. S. Department of Commerce (DoC) summoned into being the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a formally private nonprofit California corporation. DoC then signed contracts with ICANN in order to clothe it with most of the U. S. government\u27s power over the DNS, and convinced other parties to recognize ICANN\u27s authority. ICANN then took regulatory actions that the U. S. Department of Commerce was unable or unwilling to make itself, including the imposition on all registrants of Internet addresses of an idiosyncratic set of arbitration rules and procedures that benefit third-party trademark holders. Professor Froomkin then argues that the use of ICANN to regulate in the stead of an executive agency violates fundamental values and policies designed to ensure democratic control over the use of government power, and sets a precedent that risks being expanded into other regulatory activities. He argues that DoC\u27s use of ICANN to make rules either violates the APA\u27s requirement for notice and comment in rulemaking and judicial review, or it violates the Constitution\u27s nondelegation doctrine. Professor Froomkin reviews possible alternatives to ICANN, and ultimately proposes a decentralized structure in which the namespace of the DNS is spread out over a transnational group of policy partners with DoC
Citizenship:Contrasting Dynamics at the Interface of Integration and Constitutionalism
EUDO Citizenship ObservatoryThis paper explores the different ways in which citizenship has played a role in polity formation in the
context of the European Union. It focuses on both the âintegrationâ and the âconstitutionâ dimensions.
The paper thus has two substantive sections. The first addresses the role of citizenship of the Union,
examining the dynamic relationship between this concept, the role of the Court of Justice, and the free
movement dynamic of EU law. The second turns to citizenship in the Union, looking at some recent
political developments under which concepts of citizenship, and democratic membership as a key
dimension of citizenship, have been given greater prominence. One key finding of the paper is that
there is a tension between citizenship of the Union, as part of the EU's âoldâ incremental
constitutionalism based on the constitutionalisation of the existing Treaties, and citizenship in the
Union, where the possibilities of a ânewâ constitutionalism based on renewed constitutional documents
have yet to be fully realise
T and CPT Symmetries in Entangled Neutral Meson Systems
Genuine tests of an asymmetry under T and/or CPT transformations imply the
interchange between in-states and out-states. I explain a methodology to
perform model-indepedent separate measurements of the three CP, T and CPT
symmetry violations for transitions involving the decay of the neutral meson
systems in B- and {\Phi}-factories. It makes use of the quantum-mechanical
entanglement only, for which the individual state of each neutral meson is not
defined before the decay of its orthogonal partner. The final proof of the
independence of the three asymmetries is that no other theoretical ingredient
is involved and that the event sample corresponding to each case is different
from the other two. The experimental analysis for the measurements of these
three asymmetries as function of the time interval {\Delta}t > 0 between the
first and second decays is discussed, as well as the significance of the
expected results. In particular, one may advance a first observation of true,
direct, evidence of Time-Reserval-Violation in B-factories by many standard
deviations from zero, without any reference to, and independent of,
CP-Violation. In some quantum gravity framework the CPT-transformation is
ill-defined, so there is a resulting loss of particle-antiparticle identity.
This mechanism induces a breaking of the EPR correlation in the entanglement
imposed by Bose statistics to the neutral meson system, the so-called
{\omega}-effect. I present results and prospects for the {\omega}-parameter in
the correlated neutral meson-antimeson states.Comment: Proc. DISCRETE 2010, Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of
Discrete Symmetries, December 2010, Rom
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