The social practice theory and the practice as study unit

Indexación: Scopus.Financiamiento: Comisión Nacional de Investigación, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT), proyectos FONDECYT No. 3150374 “La reorganización del trabajo académico: escenarios laborales, prácticas cotidianas e identidad”, No. 1151209 “Vidas Académicas, Instituciones en Disputa: La organización del trabajo y la subjetividad académica en un contexto de transformación”, y No. FONDECYT No. 1180129 " El trabajo cientifico en Chile: Instrumentos de acción pública, prácticas de producción científica e identidades laborales". UNAB, Financiamiento Interno Jorge Millas, “Gestión Universitaria y la producción científico-académica: Perspectivas de diferentes actores al encuentro”. Agradecimiento: Centro de Investigación para la Educación Inclusiva. Programa PIA-CONICYT. Proyecto CIE 160009En los últimos 50 años, la idea de giro en ciencias sociales se ha vuelto recurrente: giro interpretativo, discursivo, afectivo. El giro hacia las prácticas se suma a los movimientos mencionados. Se trata de un enfoque en desarrollo conformado por tradiciones heterogéneas que convergen en pensar la práctica como una unidad de estudio alternativa para pensar lo social. La mirada sobre la práctica muestra un creciente desarrollo en la ciencias sociales, por ofrecer una lectura particular de fenómenos micro sociales. Este artículo indaga en las teorías de las prácticas sociales (TPS) y en particular sobre la práctica como unidad de estudio de lo psicosocial, ilustrando su rendimiento mediante la práctica de escritura científica. Se revisa el debate contemporáneo y el giro de la práctica, para luego profundizar en el concepto en sí, revisando los elementos que componen una práctica: sentidos, competencias y materialidades; así como sus atributos en tanto unidad: social, recursiva y rizomática. Finalmente se revisa e ilustra un conjunto de estrategias de investigación pertinentes al enfoque y se reflexiona acerca de las posibilidades y limitaciones de los estudios sociales de la práctica.In the last 50 years the idea of turning in social sciences has become recurrent: interpretive, discursive, affective turn. The turn towards practices adds to the mentioned movements. It is a development approach shaped by heterogeneous traditions, which converge in thinking of practice as an alternative study unit to think socially. The look on the practice, shows a growing development in the social sciences to offer a particular reading of micro social phenomena, nevertheless it is a still incipient discussion in the Latin American scene. This article presents an inquiry into the theories of social practices (TPS) and in particular about practice as a unit of study of the social. At the beginning, the contemporary debate and the turn of the practice are reviewed, to then deepen in the concept itself, reviewing the elements that make up a practice: competences, materialities and meanings. As well as its attributes as a unit: social, recursive and rhizomatic. Finally, a set of research strategies pertinent to the approach is reviewed and illustrated and the possibilities and limitations of the social studies of the practice are reflected.http://www.psicoperspectivas.cl/index.php/psicoperspectivas/article/viewFile/1241/75

University transformation and quantification devices

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.Las políticas de Educación Superior en Chile les demandan a las Universidades la instalación de dispositivos de gestión orientados a organizar, cuantificar y monitorear el trabajo académico. Pensando en las implicaciones del uso de estos dispositivos de gestión, este trabajo presenta los resultados de un análisis discursivo de 95 documentos de trabajo (Reglamentos, Bases de concurso, Formularios de acreditación) para conocer las interpelaciones que realiza a la labor universitaria. Mediante el método de análisis de discurso, se caracteriza la actuación de los documentos oficiales que regulan y transforman el trabajo académico. El estudio realizado evidencia que los dispositivos de gestión del Trabajo académico performan el trabajo mediante acciones tales como: establecer jerarquías entre las múltiples tareas de un académico y entre académicos, mediante criterios que no han sido discutidos por la comunidad profesional; objetivar procesos laborales y asumir consensos en torno a ello, desconociendo disputas y desacuerdos actuales; omitir el contexto de producción académica, construyendo una imagen del trabajo como proceso individual; y finalmente instando relaciones laborales individualizadas y competitivas.In Chile, higher education policies have required universities to adopt management tools related to the monitoring and quantification of academic work. Accordingly, this paper presents the results of a documentary study of 95 official documents concerning academic work (Regulations, Scholarship and Grant Application Guidelines and Accreditation Application Forms) in order to understand the regulations pertaining to academic work. Discourse analysis was used to determine how these documents are used in the university environment to regulate and transform the academic work. The present study shows that management tools adopted characterize the academic work through actions such as: establish hierarchies among the multiple tasks of a faculty member and among faculty members using criteria that have not been discussed by the academic community; objectify work processes and reach consensus over them, disregarding current disputes and disagreements; omit the context of academic production creating an image of work as an individual process; and finally urge the establishment of individualizing and competitive work relationships.http://ref.scielo.org/d2c4s

Escribir papers bajo el régimen del management académico: Cuerpo, afectos y estrategias

Indexación: Scopus.Chile is a landmark case in opening up higher education to the free market and in the reformulation of the logics that regulate scientific production in universities. This translates into a management system for academic staff oriented by productivity bonuses associated with high-impact publications, by the distribution of research funds conditional on the productivity of researchers and by the rank of academic tasks. In this article, we present the results of a study that sought to explore and understand how highly productive social science academics describe scientific writing from everyday labor practice framed in new regulations of scientific production. Through the analysis of 20 interviews, we propose 3 categories: affectivity, fragility and strategy. These give an account of everyday aspects, as well as tensions and conflicts present in the process of scientific writing.https://atheneadigital.net/article/view/v20-1-fardela-carriel-lazcano-et-a

Primary aldosteronism: A Japanese perspective

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, accounting for 10% of all hypertension. Far from being benign, hypertension due to PA is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, PA is still underdiagnosed in general practice. Recent reports strongly recommend that identifying patients with PA is cost-beneficial based on improved cardiovascular outcomes afforded by specific surgical and medical treatment. This review provides an update of PA including controversial aspects of diagnosis and treatment

Responding to globalisation: The case of elite artistic gymnastics in China

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal International Review for the Sociology of Sport and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690217730679.This article explores a non-Western nation’s responses to globalisation through an in-depth analysis of elite artistic gymnastics in China over a lengthy time span. The concept of globalisation and patterns of ‘reach’ and ‘response’ act as the heuristic devices underpinning the analysis. Data were collected from a range of documents and fromand six semi-structured interviews. The trajectory of Chinese elite artistic gymnastics’ responses to globalisation can be characterised as a passive response in the 1950s, a participative response in the first half of the 1960s, a conflictual response from 1966 to the early 1970s, a participative response from the early 1970s to the 2012 Olympic Games, and a passive response, once again, during the Rio Olympiad (post-London 2012). In this way, a nation’s responses to globalisation are seen as dynamic rather than rigid or static. The ever-expanding reach of the international federation-led global system fundamentally demarcates the activities of member states. However, any nation-state has a degree of autonomy when responding to globalisation and in deciding the detailed pathways whereby to pursue success within this system, although in extreme cases, a nation-state can choose to resist this globalising context, largely depending on a government’s attitude towards globalisation and the value the government attaches to it

The Epichloë festucae Antifungal Protein Efe-AfpA Protects Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) from the Plant Pathogen Clarireedia jacksonii, the Causal Agent of Dollar Spot Disease

Dollar spot disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Clarireedia jacksonii, is a major problem in many turfgrass species, particularly creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). It is well-established that strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) exhibits good dollar spot resistance when infected by the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae. This endophyte-mediated disease resistance is unique to the fine fescues and has not been observed in other grass species infected with other Epichloë spp. The mechanism underlying the unique endophyte-mediated disease resistance in strong creeping red fescue has not yet been established. We pursued the possibility that it may be due to the presence of an abundant secreted antifungal protein produced by E. festucae. Here, we compare the activity of the antifungal protein expressed in Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Active protein was recovered from all systems, with the best activity being from Pe. chrysogenum. In greenhouse assays, topical application of the purified antifungal protein to creeping bentgrass and endophyte-free strong creeping red fescue protected the plants from developing severe symptoms caused by C. jacksonii. These results support the hypothesis that Efe-AfpA is a major contributor to the dollar spot resistance observed with E. festucae-infected strong creeping red fescue in the field, and that this protein could be developed as an alternative or complement to fungicides for the management of this disease on turfgrasses

Acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and morphea

[No abstract available