196 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Connectionist modal logic: Representing modalities in neural networks
AbstractModal logics are amongst the most successful applied logical systems. Neural networks were proved to be effective learning systems. In this paper, we propose to combine the strengths of modal logics and neural networks by introducing Connectionist Modal Logics (CML). CML belongs to the domain of neural-symbolic integration, which concerns the application of problem-specific symbolic knowledge within the neurocomputing paradigm. In CML, one may represent, reason or learn modal logics using a neural network. This is achieved by a Modalities Algorithm that translates modal logic programs into neural network ensembles. We show that the translation is sound, i.e.Ā the network ensemble computes a fixed-point meaning of the original modal program, acting as a distributed computational model for modal logic. We also show that the fixed-point computation terminates whenever the modal program is well-behaved. Finally, we validate CML as a computational model for integrated knowledge representation and learning by applying it to a well-known testbed for distributed knowledge representation. This paves the way for a range of applications on integrated knowledge representation and learning, from practical reasoning to evolving multi-agent systems
Recommended from our members
Geometric semi-automatic analysis of radiographs of Collesā fractures
Fractures of the wrist are common in Emergency Departments, where some patients are treated with a procedure called Manipulation under Anaesthesia. In some cases, this procedure is unsuccessful and patients need to revisit the hospital where they undergo surgery to treat the fracture. This work describes a geometric semi-automatic image analysis algorithm to analyse and compare the x-rays of healthy controls and patients with dorsally displaced wrist fractures (Collesā fractures) who were treated with Manipulation under Anaesthesia. A series of 161 posterior-anterior radiographs from healthy controls and patients with Collesā fractures were acquired and analysed. The patientsā group was further subdivided according to the outcome of the procedure (successful/unsuccessful) and pre- or post-intervention creating five groups in total (healthy, pre-successful, pre-unsuccessful, post-successful, post-unsuccessful). The semi-automatic analysis consisted of manual location of three landmarks (finger, lunate and radial styloid) and automatic processing to generate 32 geometric and texture measurements, which may be related to conditions such as osteoporosis and swelling of the wrist. Statistical differences were found between patients and controls, as well as between pre- and post-intervention, but not between the procedures. The most distinct measurements were those of texture. Although the study includes a relatively low number of cases and measurements, the statistical differences are encouraging
Recommended from our members
Accountability in AI: From principles to industry-specific accreditation
Recent AI-related scandals have shed a spotlight on accountability in AI, with increasing public interest and concern. This paper draws on literature from public policy and governance to make two contributions. First, we propose an AI accountability ecosystem as a useful lens on the system, with different stakeholders requiring and contributing to specific accountability mechanisms. We argue that the present ecosystem is unbalanced, with a need for improved transparency via AI explainability and adequate documentation and process formalisation to support internal audit, leading up eventually to external accreditation processes. Second, we use a case study in the gambling sector to illustrate in a subset of the overall ecosystem the need for industry-specific accountability principles and processes. We define and evaluate critically the implementation of key accountability principles in the gambling industry, namely addressing algorithmic bias and model explainability, before concluding and discussing directions for future work based on our findings
Recommended from our members
Graph-based Neural Modules to Inspect Attention-based Architectures: A Position Paper
Encoder-decoder architectures are prominent building blocks of state-of-the-art solutions for tasks across multiple fields where deep learning (DL) or foundation models play a key role. Although there is a growing community working on the provision of interpretation for DL models as well as considerable work in the neuro-symbolic community seeking to integrate symbolic representations and DL, many open questions remain around the need for better tools for visualization of the inner workings of DL architectures. In particular, encoder-decoder models offer an exciting opportunity for visualization and editing by humans of the knowledge implicitly represented in model weights. In this work, we explore ways to create an abstraction for segments of the network as a two-way graph-based representation. Changes to this graph structure should be reflected directly in the underlying tensor representations. Such two-way graph representation enables new neuro-symbolic systems by leveraging the pattern recognition capabilities of the encoder-decoder along with symbolic reasoning carried out on the graphs. The approach is expected to produce new ways of interacting with DL models but also to improve performance as a result of the combination of learning and reasoning capabilities
Quintais OrgĆ¢nicos de Frutas: diversificaĆ§Ć£o da matriz produtiva e geraĆ§Ć£o de renda familiar.
Quintais OrgĆ¢nicos de Frutas Ć© uma iniciativa de transferĆŖncia de tecnologia desenvolvida pela Embrapa Clima Temperado que leva, a pĆŗblicos em situaĆ§Ć£o de vulnerabilidade social, econĆ“mica e alimentar (agricultores familiares, assentados da reforma agrĆ”ria, comunidades indĆgenas, quilombolas, alunos de escolas rurais e instituiƧƵes assistencialistas), as Ćŗltimas soluƧƵes tecnolĆ³gicas desenvolvidas e validadas pela Embrapa, buscando a sustentabilidade; as prĆ”ticas compreendem desde o preparo do solo atĆ© o pĆ³s-colheita
Recommended from our members
Contrastive counterfactual visual explanations with overdetermination
A novel explainable AI method called CLEAR Image is introduced in this paper. CLEAR Image is based on the view that a satisfactory explanation should be contrastive, counterfactual and measurable. CLEAR Image seeks to explain an imageās classification probability by contrasting the image with a representative contrast image, such as an auto-generated image obtained via adversarial learning. This produces a salient segmentation and a way of using image perturbations to calculate each segmentās importance. CLEAR Image then uses regression to determine a causal equation describing a classifierās local inputāoutput behaviour. Counterfactuals are also identified that are supported by the causal equation. Finally, CLEAR Image measures the fidelity of its explanation against the classifier. CLEAR Image was successfully applied to a medical imaging case study where it outperformed methods such as Grad-CAM and LIME by an average of 27% using a novel pointing game metric. CLEAR Image also identifies cases of causal overdetermination, where there are multiple segments in an image that are sufficient individually to cause the classification probability to be close to one
A Genome-Wide Screening and SNPs-to-Genes Approach to Identify Novel Genetic Risk Factors Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most prevalent form of early onset dementia after Alzheimerās disease (AD). We performed a case-control association study in an Italian FTD cohort (n = 530) followed by the novel SNPs-to-genes approach and functional annotation analysis. We identified two novel potential loci for FTD. Suggestive SNPs reached p-values ~10-7 and OR > 2.5 (2p16.3) and 1.5 (17q25.3). Suggestive alleles at 17q25.3 identified a disease-associated haplotype causing decreased expression of -cis genes such as RFNG and AATK involved in neuronal genesis and differentiation, and axon outgrowth, respectively. We replicated this locus through the SNPs-to-genes approach. Our functional annotation analysis indicated significant enrichment for functions of the brain (neuronal genesis, differentiation and maturation), the synapse (neurotransmission and synapse plasticity), and elements of the immune system, the latter supporting our recent international FTD-GWAS. This is the largest genome-wide study in Italian FTD to date. Although our results are not conclusive, we set the basis for future replication studies and identification of susceptible molecular mechanisms involved in FTD pathogenesis
Projeto Quintais OrgĆ¢nicos de Frutas: ContribuiĆ§Ć£o para a seguranƧa alimentar em Ć”reas rurais, indĆgenas e urbanas.
O Projeto Quintais tem como objetivo contribuir com a sustentabilidade social, econĆ“mica e ambiental de pĆŗblicos em situaĆ§Ć£o de vulnerabilidade e de risco social, econĆ“mico e alimentar. Para a composiĆ§Ć£o dos quintais, sĆ£o adotadas trĆŖs plantas frutĆferas, provenientes de um conjunto de 20 espĆ©cies, sementes de feijĆ£o e milho, mudas de trĆŖs cultivares de batata doce, mudas de uma espĆ©cie forrageira e de doze espĆ©cies de plantas medicinais, totalizando 38 produtos cultivados no interior de cada Quintal. As tecnologias desenvolvidas no Projeto, tais como novas cultivares, conhecimento das propriedades funcionais dos alimentos que compƵem o Quintal, assim como o processo de verticalizaĆ§Ć£o ou transformaĆ§Ć£o e agregaĆ§Ć£o de valor aos alimentos deverĆ£o promover a capacitaĆ§Ć£o e a inclusĆ£o social de beneficiĆ”rios, assim como, viabilizar a geraĆ§Ć£o de emprego e renda.Anais da ReuniĆ£o TĆ©cnica sobre Agroecologia: Agroecologia, ResiliĆŖncia e Bem Viver, 2021, Pelotas
Recommended from our members
Speaker recognition with hybrid features from a deep belief network
Learning representation from audio data has shown advantages over the handcrafted features such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) in many audio applications. In most of the representation learning approaches, the connectionist systems have been used to learn and extract latent features from the fixed length data. In this paper, we propose an approach to combine the learned features and the MFCC features for speaker recognition task, which can be applied to audio scripts of different lengths. In particular, we study the use of features from different levels of deep belief network for quantizing the audio data into vectors of audio word counts. These vectors represent the audio scripts of different lengths that make them easier to train a classifier. We show in the experiment that the audio word count vectors generated from mixture of DBN features at different layers give better performance than the MFCC features. We also can achieve further improvement by combining the audio word count vector and the MFCC features
Expressing Belief Flow in Assertion Networks
Abstract. In the line of some earlier work done on belief dynamics, we propose an abstract model of belief propagation on a graph based on the methodology of the revision theory of truth. A modal language is developed for portraying the behavior of this model, and its expressiveness is discussed. We compare the proposal of this model as well as the language developed with some of the existing frameworks for modelling communication situations.
- ā¦