Composition determination of cosmic rays from the muon content of the showers

The origin and nature of ultra high energy cosmic rays remains being a mystery. However, great progress has been made in recent years due to the observations performed by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array. In particular, it is believed that the composition information of the cosmic rays as a function of the energy can play a fundamental role for the understanding of their origin. The best indicators for primary mass composition are the muon content of extensive air shower and the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum. In this work we consider a maximum likelihood method to perform mass composition analyses based on the number of muons measured by underground muon detectors. The analyses are based on numerical simulations of the showers. The effects introduced by the detectors and the methods used to reconstruct the experimental data are also taken into account through a dedicated simulation that uses as input the information of the simulated showers. In order to illustrate the use of the method, we consider AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array), the low energy extension of the Pierre Auger Observatory that directly measures the muonic content of extensive air showers. We also study in detail the impact of the use of different high energy hadronic interaction models in the composition analyses performed. It is found that differences of a few percent between the predicted number of muons have a significant impact on composition determination.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF 0.5 AND 1% IN WEIGHT OF MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTs) IN POLY-LACTIC ACID (PLA) FOR 3D PRINTING

[EN] This research paper presents the characterization of a nanocomposite of polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different percentages of mixture in weight. This thermal characterization determines the influence carbon nanotubes have when those are added into PLA. This last one been used for additive manufacturing (FFF technology).. Once finished the tests, it was observed that the nanocomposite PLA/MWCNTs have a positive application during 3D printing. The extrusion temperatures used in tests were between 177 and 185ºC. The parameters given for the SLISER software, obtained a promising result for the application of a PLA / MWCNT nanocomposite into 3D printing.Cobos, C.; Conejero Rodilla, A.; Fenollar, O.; Ferrándiz Bou, S. (2019). INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF 0.5 AND 1% IN WEIGHT OF MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTs) IN POLY-LACTIC ACID (PLA) FOR 3D PRINTING. Procedia Manufacturing. 41:875-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.10.010S8758814

Myrciaria dubia “Camu Camu” Fruit: Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Functional Genomic Characteristics

Camu camu is a typical Amazon native fruit shrub that possesses a diploid genome, moderate genetic diversity, and population structure. The fruits accumulate several essential nutrients and synthesize L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in great quantities and an array of diverse secondary metabolites with corroborated in vitro and in vivo health-promoting activities. These beneficial effects include antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects, DNA damage and cancer protection effects, and other bioactivities. Many health-promoting phytochemicals are biosynthesized in several metabolic pathways of camu camu. Their reconstruction from the fruit transcriptome database was accomplished by our research group. These include basic metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, vitamin C biosynthesis pathways, and pathways involved in secondary metabolites production. Due to their agronomic potential and fruits growing demand, recently, based on an ideotype, programs were initiated for their domestication and genetic improvement, but so far with very negligible achievements. Consequently, we propose new strategies to accelerate the processes of domestication and genetic improvement based on state of the art technologies for multiomic data analysis and innovative molecular tools

Notas corológicas de la provincia de Jaén. III. Juncaceae

In this paper we present a catalogue of Juncaceae species from the province of Jaén (S. E. Spain) wich includes 21 taxa, 6 are new in the zone.Se presenta un catálogo de las especies de la familia Juncaceae existentes en la provincia de Jaén (España), que incluye 21 táxones, 6 de los cuales son primera cita provincial

Addressing the evidence gap in the economic and social benefits of civil registration and vital statistics systems: a systematic review

Objectives: Considering the aspiration embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals to Leave No One Behind by 2030, civil registration and vital statistics systems have an essential role in providing reliable, up-to-date information to monitor the progress. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to compile empirical evidence on the benefits of a functioning civil registration and vital statistics system. Methods: Selected databases were systematically searched until 2019. Key experts were also contacted for relevant literature. The review process was managed with the software EPPI-Reviewer and followed standard methods for systematic reviews. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. The findings revealed that having birth, death, and/or marriage registration, and vital statistics were associated with access to rights and protection, positive impact on economic and health outcomes, and increased access to education. Conclusion: The present review supports the idea that systemic approaches strengthen civil registration and vital statistics systems due to the cumulative effects of vital events' registration. Ensuring appropriate systems for civil registration will have an impact not only on the individuals but also on the generations to come

Nitrogen sources on growth, production and quality of essential oil in cymbopogon citratus and cymbopogon flexuosus.

Poster 009. SBOE 2015

The Impact of Extra-Domain Structures and Post-Translational Modifications in the Folding/Misfolding Behaviour of the Third PDZ Domain of MAGUK Neuronal Protein PSD-95

The modulation of binding affinities and specificities by post-translational modifications located out from the binding pocket of the third PDZ domain of PSD-95 (PDZ3) has been reported recently. It is achieved through an intra-domain electrostatic network involving some charged residues in the β2–β3 loop (were a succinimide modification occurs), the α3 helix (an extra-structural element that links the PDZ3 domain with the following SH3 domain in PSD-95, and contains the phosphorylation target Tyr397), and the ligand peptide. Here, we have investigated the main structural and thermodynamic aspects that these structural elements and their related post-translational modifications display in the folding/misfolding pathway of PDZ3 by means of site-directed mutagenesis combined with calorimetry and spectroscopy. We have found that, although all the assayed mutations generate proteins more prone to aggregation than the wild-type PDZ3, those directly affecting the α3 helix, like the E401R substitution or the truncation of the whole α3 helix, increase the population of the DSC-detected intermediate state and the misfolding kinetics, by organizing the supramacromolecular structures at the expense of the two β-sheets present in the PDZ3 fold. However, those mutations affecting the β2–β3 loop, included into the prone-to-aggregation region composed by a single β-sheet comprising β2 to β4 chains, stabilize the trimeric intermediate previously shown in the wild-type PDZ3 and slow-down aggregation, also making it partly reversible. These results strongly suggest that the α3 helix protects to some extent the PDZ3 domain core from misfolding. This might well constitute the first example where an extra-element, intended to link the PDZ3 domain to the following SH3 in PSD-95 and in other members of the MAGUK family, not only regulates the binding abilities of this domain but it also protects PDZ3 from misfolding and aggregation. The influence of the post-translational modifications in this regulatory mechanism is also discussed.This research was supported by grants CVI-05915, from the Andalusian Regional Government; BIO2009-13261-C02 and BIO2012-39922-C02, from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education and FEDER; PI13-01330 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and SGR09-0761 from the Generalitat de Catalunya. J.M-C. received a postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. M.M-A. was supported by a PIF (UAB) fellowship

PIC simulations of stable surface waves on a subcritical fast magnetosonic shock front

We study with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations the stability of fast magnetosonic shocks. They expand across a collisionless plasma and an orthogonal magnetic field that is aligned with one of the directions resolved by the 2D simulations. The shock speed is 1.6 times the fast magnetosonic speed when it enters a layer with a reduced density of mobile ions, which decreases the shock speed by up to 15\% in 1D simulations. In the 2D simulations, the density of mobile ions in the layer varies sinusoidally perpendicularly to the shock normal. We resolve one sine period. This variation only leads to small changes in the shock speed evidencing a restoring force that opposes a shock deformation. As the shock propagates through the layer, the ion density becomes increasingly spatially modulated along the shock front and the magnetic field bulges out where the mobile ion density is lowest. The perturbed shock eventually reaches a steady state. Once it leaves the layer, the perturbations of the ion density and magnetic field oscillate along its front at a frequency close to the lower-hybrid frequency; the shock is mediated by a standing wave composed of obliquely propagating lower-hybrid waves. We perform three 2D simulations with different box lengths along the shock front. The shock front oscillations are aperiodically damped in the smallest box with the fastest variation of the ion density, strongly damped in the intermediate one, and weakly damped in the largest box. The shock front oscillations perturb the magnetic field in a spatial interval that extends by several electron skin depths upstream and downstream of the shock front and could give rise to Whistler waves that propagate along the shock's magnetic field overshoot. Similar waves were observed in hybrid and PIC simulations and by the MMS satellite mission.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Physica Script