Pratiques pédagogiques : comment soutenir l’attention à l’éducation préscolaire?

Résumé: Le contenu de cet article résulte de travaux d’une recherche sur le développement de l’attention d’enfants d’âge préscolaire. Les résultats de ce texte portent sur les pratiques déclarées des enseignants et visent à mieux comprendre les pratiques pédagogiques implantées en milieu préscolaire afin de favoriser l’acquisition de comportements attentionnels. Ce texte rappelle le problème à l’étude, le cadre théorique et la méthodologie; les résultats et la discussion terminent ce texte. Des pistes de pratiques pédagogiques ciblées pour soutenir particulièrement les enfants manifestant des difficultés attentionnelles sont soulevées.Abstract: The content of this article is the result of work on research on the development of attention of preschool children. The results of this text relate to the reported practices of teachers and aim to better understand the educational practices implemented in preschool to promote the acquisition of attentional behavior. It recalls the problem to the study, the theoretical framework and methodology; Results and discussion complete text. Targeted educational practices leads to particularly support children exhibiting attentional difficulties arise

It’s the Combination: Scientific Data Review of the First Corn Silage to Bring Together Fiber and Starch Digestibility

This information was presented at the 2017 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, organized by the Department of Animal Science In the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://ansci.cals.cornell.edu/extension-outreach/adult-extension/dairy-management/order-proceedings-resources.A recent study compared a newly developed brown midrib 3 corn silage with floury endosperm to a conventional corn silage and a brown midrib 3 corn silage for high-producing Holstein cows. The combination of greater rumen fiber and starch fermentability of the new hybrid resulted in greater efficiency of solids-corrected milk production and milk nitrogen efficiency compared with the brown midrib and conventional hybrids

Changing indications and socio-demographic determinants of (adeno)tonsillectomy among children in England--are they linked? A retrospective analysis of hospital data.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether increased awareness and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and national guidance on tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis have influenced the socio-demographic profile of children who underwent tonsillectomy over the last decade. METHOD: Retrospective time-trends study of Hospital Episodes Statistics data. We examined the age, sex and deprivation level, alongside OSAS diagnoses, among children aged <16 years who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy in England between 2001/2 and 2011/12. RESULTS: Among children aged <16 years, there were 29,697 and 27,732 (adeno)tonsillectomies performed in 2001/2 and 2011/12, respectively. The median age at (adeno)tonsillectomy decreased from 7 (IQR: 5-11) to 5 (IQR: 4-9) years over the decade. (Adeno)tonsillectomy rates among children aged 4-15 years decreased by 14% from 350 (95%CI: 346-354) in 2001/2 to 300 (95%CI: 296-303) per 100,000 children in 2011/12. However, (adeno)tonsillectomy rates among children aged <4 years increased by 58% from 135 (95%CI: 131-140) to 213 (95%CI 208-219) per 100,000 children in 2001/2 and 2011/2, respectively. OSAS diagnoses among children aged <4 years who underwent surgery increased from 18% to 39% between these study years and the proportion of children aged <4 years with OSAS from the most deprived areas increased from 5% to 12%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (Adeno)tonsillectomy rates declined among children aged 4-15 years, which reflects national guidelines recommending the restriction of the operation to children with more severe recurrent throat infections. However, (adeno)tonsillectomy rates among pre-school children substantially increased over the past decade and one in five children undergoing the operation was aged <4 years in 2011/12.The increase in surgery rates in younger children is likely to have been driven by increased awareness and detection of OSAS, particularly among children from the most deprived areas

Polymeric Branched Flocculant Effect on the Flocculation Process of Pulp Suspensions in the Papermaking Industry

This paper presents the effect of the structure of cationic polyacrylamides (CPAMs) on flocculation of pulp suspensions and floc properties. A focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probe was used to monitor flocculation, deflocculation, and reflocculation processes in real time. To carry out the study, 1% elemental chlorine free (ECF) eucalyptus kraft pulp containing 20% ground calcium carbonate (GCC) was used. Results show that the effect of the CPAM structure depends on charge density and polymer dose. Floc size does not always decrease with branching degree, whereas floc stability and reflocculation ability increased when highly charged and branched CPAM was used. These findings indicate that the use of highly branched CPAMs with very high molecular weight is very promising as a retention aid method to improve the papermaking process

Targeting mitochondrial responses to intra-articular fracture to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis

We tested whether inhibiting mechanically responsive articular chondrocyte mitochondria after severe traumatic injury and preventing oxidative damage represent a viable paradigm for posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) prevention. We used a porcine hock intra-articular fracture (IAF) model well suited to human-like surgical techniques and with excellent anatomic similarities to human ankles. After IAF, amobarbital or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was injected to inhibit chondrocyte electron transport or downstream oxidative stress, respectively. Effects were confirmed via spectrophotometric enzyme assays or glutathione/glutathione disulfide assays and immunohistochemical measures of oxidative stress. Amobarbital or NAC delivered after IAF provided substantial protection against PTOA at 6 months, including maintenance of proteoglycan content, decreased histological disease scores, and normalized chondrocyte metabolic function. These data support the therapeutic potential of targeting chondrocyte metabolism after injury and suggest a strong role for mitochondria in mediating PTOA

Non-classical ProIL-1beta activation during mammary gland infection is pathogen-dependent but caspase-1 independent

Infection of the mammary gland with live bacteria elicits a pathogen-specific host inflammatory response. To study these host-pathogen interactions wild type mice, NF-kappaB reporter mice as well as caspase-1 and IL-1beta knockout mice were intramammarily challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The murine mastitis model allowed to compare the kinetics of the induced cytokine protein profiles and their underlying pathways. In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that E. coli rapidly induced NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling concomitant with high mammary levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and MCP-1 as determined by multiplex analysis. In contrast, an equal number of S. aureus bacteria induced a low NF-kappaB activity concomitant with high mammary levels of the classical IL-1beta fragment. These quantitative and qualitative differences in local inflammatory mediators resulted in an earlier neutrophil influx and in a more extensive alveolar damage post-infection with E. coli compared to S. aureus. Western blot analysis revealed that the inactive proIL-1beta precursor was processed into pathogen-specific IL-1beta fragmentation patterns as confirmed with IL-1beta knockout animals. Additionally, caspase-1 knockout animals allowed to investigate whether IL-1beta maturation depended on the conventional inflammasome pathway. The lack of caspase-1 did not prevent extensive proIL-1beta fragmentation by either of S. aureus or E. coli. These non-classical IL-1beta patterns were likely caused by different proteases and suggest a sentinel function of IL-1beta during mammary gland infection. Thus, a key signaling nodule can be defined in the differential host innate immune defense upon E. coli versus S. aureus mammary gland infection, which is independent of caspase-1