Chercheurs de dieux dans l'espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space

religion - modernit

Chercheurs de dieux dans l'espace public - Frontier Religions in Public Space

religion - modernityOriginale, insolite, renaissante, l’action religieuse émergente bouscule les habitudes, ébranle les certitudes, construit ici, maintenant, l’autre monde. Peut-on courir le risque ? Voilà que la question se pose et se résout en rumeurs publiques, poursuites judiciaires et tensions scolaires, lesquelles mettent à nu des mécanismes inédits d’institutionnalisation de l’expérience religieuse en modernité : groupes tactiques d’intervention, cellules gouvernementales de crise, commissions parlementaires, cercles technocratiques précurseurs d’une ingénierie pluraliste. Sur fond de traditions religieuses, nationales ou républicaines, avec la perspective de la menace sectaire, s’esquisse sous nos yeux un religieux correct, acceptable. Comment est-il possible aujourd’hui d’inscrire l’exceptionnel, l’originel, le merveilleux, le transcendant religieux dans le quotidienne ? Et dans quelle mesure, paradoxalement, les gestionnaires de dieux ne repoussent-ils pas toujours plus loin la frontière religieuse ? -- By their nature, emerging religions explore unfamiliar territory and probe unchartered regions of human creativity. For these same reasons, religious transactions that venture beyond the boundaries of traditional religious frontiers often rouse suspicion, anxiety or even fear among the general population. As new religious movements seek to carve out their own niche in society, public controversy and opposing beliefs can spark bitter debates, and can even lead to calls for state intervention. How then do new or borderline religious groups negotiate or mediate the building of public space? What impact can the media have on new religions? How does the law withstand the “creative destruction” of religious innovation? In this provocative collection of essays, twelve experienced specialists break new ground in the sociological study of religion

Autorité publique, pluralisation et sectorisation religieuse en modernité tardive

La pluralisation religieuse est généralement considérée comme un trait dominant de la modernité. La teneur actuelle des rapports entre États et groupements religieux, particulièrement la réaction publique au phénomène sectaire en Europe, fait toutefois ressortir son articulation avec une logique politique concomitante, celle de la sectorisation religieuse. Alors que la logique de pluralisation conduit à créer un espace public en religion, la logique de sectorisation induit le protectionnisme religieux et l’authentification religieuse. Suivant les mesures de pluralisation/sectorisation des religions effectivement prises par la gouverne, on proposera de distinguer divers types de politiques publiques pluralistes : libérale, élitiste, démocratique et technocratique. Règle générale, plus la sectorisation est poussée, plus l’autorité publique s’approprie de manière exclusive le phénomène religieux. Quelques décisions politiques, administratives et judiciaires récentes seront discutées en guise d’illustration.Religious pluralization is generally considered to be a dominant feature of modernity. However, the current state of relations between states and religious groups, in particular the public reaction to the sectarian phenomenon in Europe, reveals a link to a concomitant political logic – religious sectorization. While the pluralization process favours the creation of a public space in religion, the sectorization logic nourishes protectionism and leads to religious authentification. Based on the combined restructuring impact on religions of pluralization and sectorization, different types of pluralist public policies should be distinguished, that is, liberal, elitist, democratic and technocratic. It is suggested that the greater the degree of sectorization, the more public authority will tend to define the religious phenomenon in an exclusivist way. A few recent political, administrative and judicial decisions will be used to illustrate this argument.La pluralización religiosa es generalmente considerada como una característica dominante de la modernidad. El tenor actual de las relaciones entre Estados y grupos religiosos, particularmente la reacción pública frente al fenómeno sectario en Europa, hace surgir, no obstante, su articulación con una lógica política concomitante, la de la sectorialización religiosa. Mientras que la lógica de pluralización conduce a crear un espacio público en religión, la lógica de sectorialización lleva al proteccionismo religioso y a la autentificación religiosa. Siguiendo las medidas de pluralización/sectorialización de las religiones efectivamente tomadas por el gobierno, se propondrá aquí la distinción de diferentes tipos de políticas públicas pluralistas: liberal, elitista, democrática y tecnocrática. La regla general: cuanto más fuerte es la sectorialización, tanto más la autoridad pública se apropia de manera exclusiva del fenómeno religioso. Algunas discusiones políticas, administrativas y judiciales recientes serán discutidas a modo de ilustración

A Scalable Genome-Editing-Based Approach for Mapping Multiprotein Complexes in Human Cells

SummaryConventional affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis is a broadly applicable method used to decipher molecular interaction networks and infer protein function. However, it is sensitive to perturbations induced by ectopically overexpressed target proteins and does not reflect multilevel physiological regulation in response to diverse stimuli. Here, we developed an interface between genome editing and proteomics to isolate native protein complexes produced from their natural genomic contexts. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) to tag endogenous genes and purified several DNA repair and chromatin-modifying holoenzymes to near homogeneity. We uncovered subunits and interactions among well-characterized complexes and report the isolation of MCM8/9, highlighting the efficiency and robustness of the approach. These methods improve and simplify both small- and large-scale explorations of protein interactions as well as the study of biochemical activities and structure-function relationships

The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31

In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach $10 - 100$ times the radius of the central disk. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than $M_V < -6$ await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.Comment: Published in Nature. Supplementary movie available at https://www.astrosci.ca/users/alan/PANDAS/Latest%20news%3A%20movie%20of%20orbit.htm

The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey

The Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey is a survey of $>400$ square degrees centered on the Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies that has provided the most extensive panorama of a $L_\star$ galaxy group to large projected galactocentric radii. Here, we collate and summarise the current status of our knowledge of the substructures in the stellar halo of M31, and discuss connections between these features. We estimate that the 13 most distinctive substructures were produced by at least 5 different accretion events, all in the last 3 or 4 Gyrs. We suggest that a few of the substructures furthest from M31 may be shells from a single accretion event. We calculate the luminosities of some prominent substructures for which previous estimates were not available, and we estimate the stellar mass budget of the outer halo of M31. We revisit the problem of quantifying the properties of a highly structured dataset; specifically, we use the OPTICS clustering algorithm to quantify the hierarchical structure of M31's stellar halo, and identify three new faint structures. M31's halo, in projection, appears to be dominated by two `mega-structures', that can be considered as the two most significant branches of a merger tree produced by breaking M31's stellar halo into smaller and smaller structures based on the stellar spatial clustering. We conclude that OPTICS is a powerful algorithm that could be used in any astronomical application involving the hierarchical clustering of points. The publication of this article coincides with the public release of all PAndAS data products.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 51 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables. Some figures have degraded resolution. All PAndAS data products are available via the CADC at http://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/community/pandas/query.html where you can also find a version of the paper with full resolution figure

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570