Desarrollo y validación de modelos de vehículos para el análisis energético de sistemas propulsivos aplicados al transporte ligero por carretera

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado aborda el desarrollo y la validación de modelos de diferentes tecnologías propulsivas aplicadas al transporte ligero por carretera, con la intención de obtener una herramienta que sea capaz de realizar un análisis energético detallado y fiable sobre cualquier ruta de conducción real, y más concretamente en la Isla de Tenerife. Por consiguiente, el estudio permite extraer resultados que reducen la brecha existente entre los consumos medios homologados y reales. Para ello, el análisis cuenta con la recopilación de numerosos ciclos de conducción cotidianos, llevados a cabo en la zona norte y metropolitana de la isla por diferentes habitantes, buscando englobar el mayor espectro de rutas y perfiles de conducción posible. A través del empleo de un GPS de alta precisión y un sistema universal de diagnóstico a bordo, se desarrolla una metodología capaz de monitorizar las características principales de la ruta, así como el consumo energético real de cada vehículo. Esto permite lograr un modelo validado y fiel mediante el software FastSim, con la capacidad de reproducir la realidad dentro de un margen de error esperado.The present Final Degree Project tackles the development and validation of different propulsive system technologies for light road transport models, with the aim of obtaining a tool capable of predicting a detailed and reliable energy analysis on any real driving route, and more specifically on the Island of Tenerife. Therefore, the study allows obtaining results that reduce the existing gap between certified and actual average consumption. For that purpose, the analysis includes the compilation of numerous daily driving cycles, carried out in the northern and metropolitan area of the island by different inhabitants, in order to encompass the widest possible spectrum of routes and driving profiles. Through the use of a high-precision GPS and a universal on-board diagnostic system, the Project develop a methodology capable of monitoring the main characteristics of the route, as well as the real energy consumption of the vehicle. This allows to have a validated and faithful model through FastSim software, with the ability to reproduce reality within an acceptable margin of error

¿Todavía interesa normalizar bases de datos? Reflexionando sobre su enseñanza

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es hacer una reflexión sobre la normalización de bases de datos en la actualidad, incluyendo su utilidad práctica, el enfoque seguido en su enseñanza y su utilización en proyectos reales. Identificamos cómo muchos libros de fundamentos de bases de datos pasan por alto aspectos fundamentales en el proceso de normalización como el cálculo de las claves de una relación. Presentamos un algoritmo informal de obtención de claves basado en una representación gráfica que nos resulta útil para la docencia. Incluimos un estudio de herramientas relacionadas con la normalización y finalmente describimos casos prácticos que nos permiten reflexionar sobre cuestiones poco claras relacionadas con esta actividad.Peer Reviewe

Experimental analysis of a photovoltaic concentrator based on a single reflective stage immersed in an optical fluid

This article reviews all the experimental tests carried out to analyze the performance of a FluidReflex photovoltaic concentrator. This novel concentrator concept consists of a single reflective stage immersed in an optical fluid. The presence of the fluid entails significant advantages. It not only allows a high system optical efficiency and increases the attainable concentration but also enhances the heat dissipation from the cell. In addition, the electrical insulation is improved, and the problem of water vapor condensation inside the module is avoided. A complete characterization is addressed in this paper. Among the experimental results, a measured optical efficiency of 83.5% for a concentration of 1035× stands ou

Durability of dielectric fluids for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Several dielectric fluids that might be used for immersing optics are analyzed in this paper. Their transmittances, both before and after an accelerated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation equivalent to several years under real sun, are presented. In addition, the photocurrent losses caused by the decrease in transmittance experienced by each fluid are estimated for current III?V multijunction (MJ) solar cells. The most stable fluids were found to be paraffin and silicone oils whose transmittances remained practically unaltered after a UV dosage equivalent to 3 years of AM1.5D radiation

Understanding causes and effects of non-uniform light distributions on multi-junction solar cells: Procedures for estimating efficiency losses

This paper presents the mechanisms of efficiency losses that have to do with the non-uniformity of the irradiance over the multi-junction solar cells and different measurement techniques used to investigate them. To show the capabilities of the presented techniques, three different concentrators (that consist of an acrylic Fresnel lens, different SOEs and a lattice matched multi-junction cell) are evaluated. By employing these techniques is possible to answer some critical questions when designing concentrators as for example which degree of non-uniformity the cell can withstand, how critical the influence of series resistance is, or what kind of non-uniformity (spatial or spectral) causes more losses

Concentration photovoltaic optical system irradiance distribution measurements and its effect on multi-junction solar cells

This paper proposes an indoor procedure based on charge-coupled device camera measurements to characterize the non-uniform light patterns produced by optical systems used in concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems. These irradiance patterns are reproduced on CPV solar cells for their characterization at concentrated irradiances by using a concentrator cell tester and placing high-resolution masks over the cells. Measured losses based on the masks method are compared with losses in concentrator optical systems measured by using the Helios 3198 solar simulator for CPV module

Characterization of the spatial distribution of irradiance and spectrum in concentrating photovoltaic systems and their effect on multi-junction solar cells

The irradiance and spectral distribution cast on the cell by a concentrating photovoltaic system, typically made up of a primary Fresnel lens and a secondary stage optical element, is dependent on many factors, and these distributions in turn influence the electrical performance of the cell. In this paper, the effect of spatial and spectral non-uniform irradiance distribution on multi-junction solar cell performance was analyzed using an integrated approach. Irradiance and spectral distributions were obtained by means of ray-tracing simulation and by direct imaging at a range of cell-to-lens distances. At the same positions, I¿V curves were measured and compared in order to evaluate non-uniformity effects on cell performance. The procedure was applied to three different optical systems comprised a Fresnel lens with a secondary optical element consisting of either a pyramid, a dome, or a bare cell

Goals scored and received in 5vs4 GK game strategy are constrained by critical moment and situational variables in elite futsal

The aim of this study was to identify the importance and meaning of goals using the goalkeeper as an outfield player in elite futsal according to critical and situational variables. The sample consisted of 11,446 actions corresponding to 1,325 matches from the 1st division Spanish Futsal League during the seasons from 2010 to 2015. Multinomial logistic regression and classification tree multivariate models were used to identify the best predictor variables related to the likelihood of scoring goals, receiving goals, or no goals. Results from Multinomial logistic regression emphasised goals scored in balanced matches and playing with the goalkeeper as an outfield player before the last eight minutes. When the teams were drawing or losing, finished with goals received or without goals. The classification tree results identified a greater likelihood of scoring goals when the teams were winning, in balanced matches, and within the last eight minutes. Conversely, a greater likelihood of suffering goals was observed using the goalkeeper as an outfield player when the teams were losing, in unbalanced matches and in the last eight minutes. The identified trends will allow futsal coaches to recognise the most suitable situations for achieving efficacy when using the goalkeeper as an outfield player strategy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Design and modeling of a cost-effective achromatic Fresnel lens for concentrating photovoltaics

This paper presents a novel Fresnel lens capable to significantly reduce chromatic aberration in solar applications. The optical performance of this achromatic lens has been analyzed through ray-tracing simulations, showing a concentration factor three times higher than that attained by a classic Silicone On Glass (SOG) Fresnel lens while maintaining the same acceptance angle. This should avoid the need for a secondary optical element, reducing the cost associated with its manufacturing and assembly and increasing the module reliability. The achromatic lens is made of inexpensive plastic and elastomer which allows a highly scalable and cost-competitive manufacturing process similar to the one currently used for the fabrication of SOG Fresnel lenses. (C)2016 Optical Society of Americ

Valoración de los estilos de dirección de proyectos fin de carrera en ingeniería informática

Completamos aquí un estudio realizado sobre dirección de proyectos fin de carrera (PFC) en Ingeniería Informática. Entonces usamos una encuesta para determinar una tipología de estilos de dirección de PFC. Resumimos ahora los resultados de aquel estudio, ampliándolo con nuevos ratios para valorar los resultados de la aplicación de cada estilo en cuanto a calificación, duración del PFC y tiempo dedicado por el director, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de alumno. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los tutores de PFC a encontrar distintas formas de dirección a utilizar.SUMMARY -- This paper complements a previous study we conducted on capstone projects in Computer Science Engineering. Then we used a survey to determine a typology of supervision styles for that projects. This article summarizes the results of that study, extending them with new ratios to assess the results of the application of each style in terms of grade obtained, duration and time spent by the director, considering the type of student. These results can help supervisors to find other ways of supervision