Abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from the EPICAP study

International audienceObesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, but inconsistent results have been observed between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, some associations have been reported with other indicators such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We investigated the role of anthropometric indicators in PCa risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). EPICAP is a population-based case-control study that included 819 incident PCa in 2012-2013 and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, WC, and hip circumference) have been measured at interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC and WHR) and PCa risk. We observed a slight, but not significant increased risk of PCa for men with a WC > 94 cm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92-1.56) and for men with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.70 between 0.95 and 1.00, OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96-1.61 above 1.00). Associations were more pronounced after adjustment and stratification for BMI and in men with aggressive PCa. Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may be associated with an increased risk of PCa, especially aggressive PCa

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk: Results from the EPICAP case-control study

International audienc

Body mass index trajectories and prostate cancer risk: Results from the EPICAP study

International audienceElevated body mass index (BMI) has been inconsistently associated with prostate cancer occurrence but it has been suggested that life course adulthood obesity may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, few studies have investigated lifetime BMI and prostate cancer risk. We analyzed life course BMI trajectories on prostate cancer risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). We included in our analyses 781 incident prostate cancer cases and 829 controls frequency matched by age. Participants were asked about their weight every decade from age 20 to two years before reference date. BMI trajectories were determined using group-based trajectory modeling to identify groups of men with similar patterns of BMI changes. We identified five BMI trajectories groups. Men with a normal BMI at age 20 developing overweight or obesity during adulthood were at increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared to men who maintained a normal BMI. Our results suggest that BMI trajectories resulting in overweight or obesity during adulthood are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly in never smokers, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI throughout adulthood

Associations entre scores nutritionnels et risque de cancers dans la cohorte NutriNet-Santé

National audienc

Importance of Antioxidant and Methylation Status in Fatiguing Illnesses

National audienc

Cancer-Specific and General Nutritional Scores and Cancer Risk: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Santé Cohort

International audienceSeveral national and international authorities have proposed nutritional and lifestyle recommendations with the aim of improving health of the general population. Scores of adherence to these recommendations can be calculated at the individual level. Here, we investigated the associations between four nutritional scores and overall, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer risk in a large prospective population-based cohort: the cancer-specific World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) score, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), a score based on adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDI-LITE), and the French National Nutrition Health Program-Guideline Score (PNNS-GS). This study included 41,543 participants aged ≥40 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2017). A total of 1,489 overall incident cancers were diagnosed. A one-point increment of the WCRF/AICR score was significantly associated with decreased overall [12%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8%-16%; P < 0.0001], breast (14%; 95% CI, 6%-21%; P = 0.001), and prostate (12%; 95% CI, 0%-22%; P = 0.05) cancer risks. Hazard ratio for colorectal cancer risk was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72-1.03; P = 0.09). The PNNS-GS score was associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk (P = 0.04) and AHEI-2010 was associated with reduced overall cancer risk (P = 0.03). The WCRF/AICR score performed best. Compared with other tested scores, it included a stronger penalty for alcohol, which is a major risk factor for several cancer sites. Better adherence to nutritional recommendations, especially those designed for cancer prevention, could substantially contribute to decreased cancer incidence.Significance: This large prospective population-based cohort study suggests that following dietary recommendations such as the ones proposed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research could significantly contribute to cancer prevention. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4427-35. ©2018 AACR

Saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and cancer risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

International audienceLipid intakes such as saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids have been widely studied regarding cardiovascular health, but their relevance to cancer is unclear. Inconsistent epidemiological results may be explained by varied mechanisms involving PUFAs and redox balance, inflammatory status and cell signalling, along with interactions with other dietary components such as antioxidants, dietary fibre and more generally fruits and vegetable intakes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between lipid intakes and cancer risk, and their potential modulation by vitamin C, vitamin E, dietary fibre and fruit and vegetable intakes.METHODS:This prospective study included 44,039 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2017). Dietary data were collected using repeated 24 h-dietary records. Multivariable Cox models were performed to characterize associations.RESULTS:SFA intake was associated with increased overall [n = 1722 cases, HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.44 (1.10-1.87), p-trend = 0.008] and breast [n = 545 cases, HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.98 (1.24-3.17), p-trend = 0.01] cancer risks. n-6 PUFA [HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.56 (0.32-0.97), p-trend = 0.01] and MUFA (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.41 [0.18-0.0.95), p-trend = 0.009] intakes were associated with a decreased risk of digestive cancers (n = 190 cases). Associations between n-6 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes and digestive cancer risk were modulated by dietary fibre, vitamin C and fruit and vegetable intakes.CONCLUSION:These findings suggested that SFA intake could increase overall and breast cancer risks while some unsaturated fatty acids could decrease digestive cancer risk. However, in line with mechanistic hypotheses, our results suggest that intakes of fruits and vegetables and their constituents (antioxidants, fibre) may interact with PUFAs to modulate these associations

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort

International audienceOBJECTIVE To assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed food and risk of cancer. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 104 980 participants aged at least 18 years (median age 42.8 years) from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-17). Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, designed to register participants' usual consumption for 3300 different food items. These were categorised according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of overall, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors. RESULTS Ultra-processed food intake was associated with higher overall cancer risk (n=2228 cases; hazard ratio for a 10% increment in the proportion of ultra-processed food in the diet 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.18); P for trend<0.001) and breast cancer risk (n=739 cases; hazard ratio 1.11 (1.02 to 1.22); P for trend=0.02). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (lipid, sodium, and carbohydrate intakes and/or a Western pattern derived by principal component analysis). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, a 10% increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a significant increase of greater than 10% in risks of overall and breast cancer. Further studies are needed to better understand the relative effect of the various dimensions of processing (nutritional composition, food additives, contact materials, and neoformed contaminants) in these associations. STUDY REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03335644

Consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés et risque de cancer : résultats de la cohorte prospective NutriNet-Santé

National audienceIntroduction et but de l’étude: Les habitudes alimentaires se modifient dans de nombreux pays dans le sens d’une augmentation de la consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés, qui se caractérisent souvent par une qualité nutritionnelle plus faible, mais aussi par la présence d'additifs alimentaires, de matériaux de contacts et d’emballage et de composés néoformés. Bien que les données épidémiologiques concernant leur association avec le risque de cancer soient limitées, les études mécanistiques suggèrent des potentiels effets cancérogènes de plusieurs composants habituellement présents dans les aliments ultra-transformés. Cette étude prospective visait, pour la première fois, à évaluer les associations prospectives entre la consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés et le risque de cancer. Matériel et méthodes: Au total, 104 980 participants âgés de plus de 18 ans de la cohorte française NutriNet-Santé (2009-2017) ont été inclus. Les données alimentaires ont été recueillies à l'aide d'enregistrements de 24h répétés, conçus pour enregistrer la consommation habituelle des participants pour 3300 aliments différents. Ceux-ci ont été classés en fonction de leur degré de traitement par la classification NOVA. Des modèles de Cox multivariés ont été réalisés. Résultats et Analyse statistique : La consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés était associée à un risque plus élevé de cancer au global (n = 2 228 cas, RR pour une augmentation de 10% de la proportion d'aliments ultra-transformés dans l’alimentation = 1,12 (1,06-1,18), P de tendance <0,0001) et de cancer du sein (n = 739 cas, RR = 1,11 (1,02-1,22), P de tendance = 0,02). Ces résultats restaient significatifs après ajustement sur plusieurs marqueurs de la qualité nutritionnelle de l'alimentation (apport en lipides, sodium et glucides et/ou pattern alimentaire Western). Conclusion: Dans cette grande étude prospective, une augmentation de 10% de la proportion d'aliments ultra-transformés dans le régime alimentaire était associée à une augmentation significative de 10% des risques de cancer au global et de cancer du sein. D'autres études sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre l'impact relatif des différentes dimensions de la transformation des aliments (composition nutritionnelle, additifs alimentaires, matériaux de contact et contaminants néoformés) dans ces relations. Remerciements: Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre du réseau NACRe (https://www6.inra.fr/nacre/). Bernard Srour est financé par l'Institut National du Cancer INCa (numéro 8085). Philippine Fassier est financée par une bourse doctorale du Cancéropôle Ile-de-France