ISOLAMENTO DE MUTANTES DE Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2B20 COM TOLERÂNCIA ACENTUADA AO CONGELAMENTO E EFEITO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS CRIOPROTETORAS NA SUA VIABILIDADE DURANTE A ESTOCAGEM

O objetivo deste estudo foi obter estirpes mutantes de L. delbrueckii UFV H2b20 com tolerância acentuada ao congelamento e também avaliar o efeito de substâncias crioprotetoras na sua viabilidade durante a estocagem. A utilização dos crioprotetores sacarose, glutamato monossódico (GMS) e leite desnatado reconstituído a 10 % (LDR) aumentaram a viabilidade de estirpes mutantes durante 15 dias de estocagem a -20 °C em relação ao controle (sem crioprotetor). Os crioprotetores sacarose e LDR 10 % foram efetivos na manutenção da viabilidade da estirpe selvagem durante o período de estocagem. Embora a tolerância ao congelamento tenha sido alcançada, estudos posteriores são necessários para avaliar se outras características que qualificam Lactobacillus delbrueckii UFV H2b20 como probiótico foram afetadas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by a lactic acid bacterium isolated from Italian salami

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic psychrotroph foodborne pathogen that has been used as a model organism to study the efficacy of many different preservation methods. This work aimed to test the antilisterial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian salami and study the development of resistance. Isolates were obtained from naturally fermented Italian salami and cultures that retained activity in the supernatants after pH neutralization and catalase treatment were further characterized. The isolate showing highest inhibitory activity (PD 6.9) was tested for sensibility to proteases, heat and pH. To evaluate if resistance developed, sensitive strains were transferred with sub-lethal doses of the partially purified inhibitory substance and then inoculated into media containing higher doses of the extract. Isolate PD 6.9 inhibited several L. monocytogenes strains obtained from different origins and retained its activity over a wide range of pH and temperature. When increasing concentrations (10–100 AU ml−1) of the partially purified inhibitory substance were added to culture media, growth of L. monocytogenes did not occur even after 12 h of incubation. Cultures of Listeria that were transferred with sub-lethal doses (10 AU ml−1) of the partially purified inhibitory substance could resist higher doses of the extract (50 AU ml−1), but were inhibited when the concentration was further increased (100 AU ml−1). These results indicate that isolate PD 6.9 could potentially be used as a bioprotective culture for salami fermentation

EFEITO DE PROTETORES E TRATAMENTOS DE ESTRESSE NA SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS SUBSP LACTIS AO CONGELAMENTO Effect of protective and stress treatment on survival of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis to freezing

O efeito de substâncias crioprotetoras e de tratamentos subletais de estresse foi avaliado no aumento da tolerância ao congelamento em Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis PD 6.9. Todas as substâncias crioprotetoras avaliadas aumentaram a sobrevivência de L. lactis subsp lactis PD 6.9 a estocagem de 15 dias a - 20 ºC. Entretanto, o leite desnatado reconstituído a 10 % foi o que conferiu maior proteção. Quanto à exposição da suspensão de células a tratamentos subletais de estresse, a exposição a 10 ºC por 4 horas foi capaz de manter a sobrevivência de L. lactis subsp lactis PD 6.9 estável durante 70 dias de estocagem a - 20 ºC. O tratamento a 40 ºC por 30 minutos conferiu proteção durante 70 dias de estocagem a - 20 ºC quando comparado com a suspensão de células que não recebeu nenhum tratamento antes do congelamento. A aplicação desses tratamentos é importante para assegurar a viabilidade de L. lactis subsp lactis PD 6.9 no decorrer do período de estocagem, e também de assegurar a qualidade sensorial e microbiológica de alimentos obtidos por processos de fermentação