Young people and political culture: An approach to the political culture of university students in Bogotá

Los jóvenes universitarios han sido protagonistas de las movilizaciones socialesmás importantes de los últimos años en Colombia. Sin embargo, su interés por lapolítica aún sigue siendo un motivo de controversia académica y social, a partir delos bajos índices de participación electoral. Por medio de este estudio exploratoriomixto se buscó identificar los patrones de cultura política predominantes de losjóvenes universitarios de Bogotá en el contexto actual. Los hallazgos evidencianuna dicotomía entre la identificación política y la identificación de la condición dejuventud, así como un alto nivel de desconfianza en las instituciones que se reflejaen las formas de participar en política y los valores que sustentan su identidadpolítica.University students have been protagonists of the most important social mobilizations of the last years in Colombia. However, his interest in politics remains a myth of academic and social controversy from low voter turnout rates. Through this mixed exploratory study, we sought to identify the predominant political culture patterns of young university students in the city of Bogota in the current context. The findings show a dichotomy between the political identification and the identification of the youth condition and shows a high level of distrust in the institutions that is reflected in the forms of participation in politics and the values that underpin its political identit

LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN COMO ACTORES (DES) LEGITIMADORES. ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES ACERCA DEL ROL DE LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN SOBRE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA OPINIÓN PÚBLICA EN TORNO AL PROCESO DE PAZ DE LA HABANA

El proceso de paz de La Habana es uno de los acontecimientos políticos más relevantes de la historia reciente de Colombia. Dentro de las dimensiones de análisis del proceso se hace necesario entrar a analizar cuál ha sido el rol de la comunicación dentro de los diálogos. El articulo plantea una serie de líneas teóricas de análisis de rol de los medios de comunicación en los procesos de paz y busca a partir del estudio de caso de la opinión pública en Bogotá desarrollado por el Observatorio de Medios de la Universidad de la Sabana hacer una serie de reflexiones y proponer alternativas para un mejor entendimiento ,desde la comunicación política, del proceso que se desarrolla en La Habana desde el análisis de los marcos interpretativos de los actores involucrados en el proces

El tono negativo y la campaña negativa en la campaña por redes sociales de los candidatos de las consultas interpartidistas de 2022

17 páginasEsta investigación pretende estudiar si las publicaciones en Twitter y TikTok de los candidatos a la presidencia de las coaliciones en las elecciones de 2022 en Colombia dieron preponderancia a temas con enfoque negativo durante su periodo de campaña electoral y si sus publicaciones utilizaron estrategias de campaña negativa, en el periodo del 1 de enero al 13 de marzo. La investigación, realizada con una metodología cuantitativa, demuestra que en su origen las publicaciones en su mayoría no tienen una orientación negativa, sino que, los que verdaderamente generan un conflicto en las redes sociales, son los usuarios que toman las publicaciones de los candidatos y las interpretan de formas no correctas.This research tries to study if the Twitter and TikTok post of the candidates of the coalitions gave preponderance to issues with a negative approach during their electoral campaign period; and if their publications were given in the framework of a negative campaign. The research, with a quantitative methodology, shows that most of the publications originally do not have a negative orientation, but that those who truly generate a conflict in social networks are the users who take the candidates publications and interpret the in the wrong ways.Comunicación Social y PeriodismoComunicador Social y Periodist

Comparison of three metaheuristics to optimize inventories with demand estimation

Among the techniques for solving complex optimization problems are heuristics and metaheuristics. This work presents three Metaheuristics: Ant Colony, Algorithm Genetic and Evolutionary Programming, which aims to establish a comparison of features, advantages and disadvantages for those Metaheuristics. A review of the literature is made, and also the design of the three algorithms in R program, and they are applied to a confection company, evaluating the performance in terms of its parameters, time calculation and quality solutions. Experimental results show that the Ant Colony algorithm shows adequate solutions, as well as it has more computational speed, when it is compared with the other two procedures designed in software R. In addition, with this, it was possible to define the best policy inventory of the company under study.Dentro de las técnicas de solución a problemas complejos de optimización están las heurísticas y las Metaheurísticas. Este trabajo presenta tres Metaheurísticas: Colonia de Hormigas, Algoritmo Genético, y Programación Evolutiva, cuyo objetivo es establecer una comparación de características, ventajas y desventajas para dichas Metaheurísticas. Se hace una revisión de la literatura, así como también se diseñan los tres algoritmos en el software R, y se aplican en una empresa de confecciones, evaluando el comportamiento de los parámetros, tiempo de cálculo y la calidad en las soluciones. Los resultados experimentales muestran que el Algoritmo Colonia de Hormigas obtiene adecuadas soluciones y tiene más rapidez computacional, al compararlo con los otros dos procedimientos diseñados en el software R. Además, con éste fue posible definir la mejor política de inventarios de la empresa objeto de estudio

A Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma: Lessons From an Exceptional Case Report

Nowadays, neither imaging nor pathology evaluation can accurately predict the aggressiveness or treatment resistance of pituitary tumors at diagnosis. However, histological examination can provide useful information that might alert clinicians about the nature of pituitary tumors. Here, we describe our experience with a silent corticothoph tumor with unusual pathology, aggressive local invasion and metastatic dissemination during follow-up. We present a 61-year-old man with third cranial nerve palsy at presentation due to invasive pituitary tumor. Subtotal surgical approach was performed with a diagnosis of silent corticotroph tumor but with unusual histological features (nuclear atypia, frequent multinucleation and mitotic figures, and Ki-67 labeling index up to 70%). After a rapid regrowth, a second surgical intervention achieved successful debulking. Temozolomide treatment followed by stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy associated with temozolomide successfully managed the primary tumor. However, sacral metastasis showed up 6 months after radiotherapy treatment. Due to aggressive distant behavior, a carboplatine-etoposide scheme was decided but the patient died of urinary sepsis 31 months after the first symptoms. Our case report shows how the presentation of a pituitary tumor with aggressive features should raise a suspicion of malignancy and the need of follow up by multidisciplinary team with experience in its management. Metastases may occur even if the primary tumor is well controlled.This work was supported by grants from the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación co-funded with Fondos FEDER (PI16/00175 to AS-M and DC) and the Sistema Andaluz de Salud (A-0003-2016 and A-0006-2017 to AS-M, C-0015-2014 and RC-0006-2018 to DC)

Concrescencia en dientes anteriores evaluada por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico. Reporte de un caso

Dental concrescence is an anomaly in which the cementum overlying the roots joins, causing the union of two different teeth. It is often reported in posterior dentition, affecting certain dental procedures such as root canal treatment, periodontal procedures, orthodontic movement, and dental extraction. This case report describes the successful diagnosis and treatment of a 20-year-old male with a moderate skeletal class II who was referred for a radiographic evaluation after 1 year of failed orthodontic movement of teeth 1.1 and 1.2. The radiographic assessment with a Cone Beam Computed Tomography allowed discarding other related pathologies and diagnosis of a dental concrescence. The patient underwent orthognathic surgery in which class II was corrected, and the concrescence was treated with a prosthetic approach.La concrescencia dental es una anomalía en la que el cemento que recubre las raíces se une, y provoca la unión de dos dientes diferentes. A menudo, se presenta en la dentición posterior y afecta ciertos procedimientos dentales, como el tratamiento del conducto radicular, los procedimientos periodontales, el movimiento de ortodoncia y la extracción dental. Este informe de caso describe el diagnóstico y tratamiento exitoso de un hombre de 20 años con una clase II esquelética moderada, que fue remitido para una evaluación radiográfica después de 1 año de movimiento ortodóncico fallido de los dientes 1.1 y 1.2. La valoración radiográfica con una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico permitió descartar otras patologías relacionadas y diagnosticar una concrescencia dentaria. El paciente fue sometido a una cirugía ortognática en la que se corrigió la clase II y se trató la concrescencia con abordaje protésico

PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ

Waveform Modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, will usher in a new era in gravitational-wave astronomy. As the first anticipated space-based gravitational-wave detector, it will expand our view to the millihertz gravitational-wave sky, where a spectacular variety of interesting new sources abound: from millions of ultra-compact binaries in our Galaxy, to mergers of massive black holes at cosmological distances; from the beginnings of inspirals that will venture into the ground-based detectors' view to the death spiral of compact objects into massive black holes, and many sources in between. Central to realising LISA's discovery potential are waveform models, the theoretical and phenomenological predictions of the pattern of gravitational waves that these sources emit. This white paper is presented on behalf of the Waveform Working Group for the LISA Consortium. It provides a review of the current state of waveform models for LISA sources, and describes the significant challenges that must yet be overcome.Comment: 239 pages, 11 figures, white paper from the LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group, invited for submission to Living Reviews in Relativity, updated with comments from communit

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children <18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p<0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an