Contemporary Issues in Current Account Operations in Pakistani IBs - Sharia Compliant Solution

Contemporary Sharia scholars have three stances about the Current Account Operations in Pakistani Islamic Banks (IBs) i.e., (i) Ijarah based contract (ii) Wadi'ah based contract, and (iii) Qard based contract. This paper is an attempt to delve into the root causes of the differences of scholars and to find the Sharia-compliant solution acceptable for all. Descriptive as well as applied approaches are used in this paper. Clearing of ambiguity on this issue may result in twofold benefits: from the public point of view, it would satisfy practising Muslims which may result in form of huge deposits in this account (ii) from IBs viewpoint the Current Account is a bonus deposit

An Empirical Investigation on Perception of Organizational Politics, Job Stress & Job Satisfaction Among Academicians in Pakistan Using Second-Order Construct

Level of job satisfactions among academicians has remained enriched area of research for the academic’s institutions. Therefore, the rationale behind conducting research was to investigate the influence of Perception of Organizational Politics (POP) and Job Stress (JSt) on Job satisfaction (JS) academicians. Research framework has been formed based on Social Exchange Theory (SET) to create logical relationships among variable which explained that employees behave accordingly as per response they received from management’s behavior. For the execution of analysis data was collected from 300 teachers of public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan through psychometric defined instruments. Software SmartPLS was used for assessment of measurement and structural model. Results from the analysis demonstrates that POP has significant and negative effect on JS and significant positive effect on JSt while significant negative effect was observed between JSt and JS. The results revealed useful information for the stakeholders and policy makers to focus and develop and organizational structure to eliminate the influence of POP in academic institutions

The Effect of Probing "Don't Know" Responses on Measurement Quality and Nonresponse in Surveys

In survey interviews, “Don’t know” (DK) responses are commonly treated as missing data. One way to reduce the rate of such responses is to probe initial DK answers with a follow-up question designed to encourage respondents to give substantive, non- DK responses. However, such probing can also reduce data quality by introducing additional or differential measurement error. We propose a latent variable model for analyzing the effects of probing on responses to survey questions. The model makes it possible to separate measurement effects of probing from true differences between respondents who do and do not require probing. We analyze new data from an exper- iment which compared responses to two multi-item batteries of questions with and without probing. In this study, probing reduced the rate of DK responses by around a half. However, it also had substantial measurement effects, in that probed answers were often weaker measures of constructs of interest than were unprobed answers. These effects were larger for questions on attitudes than for pseudo-knowledge ques- tions on perceptions of external facts. The results provide evidence against the use of probing of “Don’t know” responses, at least for the kinds of items and respondents considered in this study