Discrimination of elderly patients in the health care system of Lithuania

Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the barriers that elderly Lithuanians experience with respect to going to court or other institutions to defend their right not to be discriminated regarding medical care. Methods: We used a mixed methods approach due to the scarcity of information in Lithuania. First, the review of laws was done using the e-tar database and court cases were searched using the e-teismai database followed by policy analysis. Additional sources of information were identified searching Google Scholar and PubMed, as well as Google for grey literature. The keywords used were: ageism in patient care, discrimination against elderly, elderly and health (English and Lithuanian: 2000-2015). Secondly, we conducted in-depth individual interviews with 27 clients of newly-established integrated home care services: 13 elderly patients, and 14 informal caregivers. Results:  This study identified five groups of barriers explaining why Lithuanian elderly are hesitant to fight discrimination in the health system. The results of the study disclose the following barriers that the elderly in Lithuania face: i) the lack of recognition of the phenomenon of discrimination against the elderly in patient care; ii) the lack of information for complaining and the fear of consequences of complaining; iii) the deficiencies and uncertainties of laws and regulations devoted to discrimination; iv) the high level of burden of proof in court cases and lack of good practices; v) the lack of a patient (human) rights-based approach in all policies and in education as well as the lack of intersectoral work. Conclusions:  This study disclosed the need to: encourage training of legists and lawyers in expanding knowledge and skills in human rights in patient care;  encourage training of health care professionals – the burden of leadership for this has to be assumed by universities and public health professionals; incorporate a new article in the ‘Law on the rights of patients and compensation for the damage to their health’, clearly stating where to complain in case of discrimination; create a webpage and brochures with readable and understandable information for elderly persons and their families and caregivers; establish legal consultation and mediation cabinets in health care facilities; establish an older persons’ rights protection service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour in close cooperation with the Ministry of Health; promote sustainable results by incorporating a human rights-based approach regarding elderly persons in all policies. &nbsp

Nonchemical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape Crop in the Organic Farming System

A field experiment was conducted during the 2014–2017 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (now—Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy) on a Endocalcaric Endogleyic Luvisol (LV-can.gln) according to the WRB 2014. The three nonchemical weed control methods were explored: (1) thermal (using wet water steam), (2) mechanical (interrow loosening), and (3) self-regulation (smothering). In the thermal and mechanical weed control treatments, winter oilseed rape was grown with an interrow spacing of 48.0 cm and in weed smothering (self-regulation) treatment with an interrow spacing of 12.0 cm. Winter oilseed rape was grown in the soil with a regular humus layer (23–25 cm) and with a thickened humus layer (45–50 cm). Annual weeds predominated in the winter oilseed rape crop. In the soil with both humus layers, regular and thickened, the most efficient weed control method was mechanical weed management both during the autumn (efficacy 26.7–75.1%) and spring (efficacy 37.1–76.7%) growing seasons. Thermal and mechanical weed control in combination with the bio-preparations in droughty years significantly reduced the number of weed seedlings. Dry matter mass of weeds most markedly decreased through the application of the mechanical weed management method

Non-chemical weed control systems in organically grown spring oilseed rape

This study aims to determine the impact of different non-chemical weed control systems on organically grown spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crop weediness and yield of seeds. Non-chemical weed control systems: 1) thermal (water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening), and 3) smothering (self-regulation). Thermal (1.5–1.8 times) and mechanical (2.5–6.8 times) weed control systems significantly reduced the number of weed seedlings in spring oilseed rape crop, compared with the weed smothering system. The most effective system of weed control in rape crop was mechanical (efficiency 30.9–75.5 %). Efficiency of thermal weed control system, compared with mechanical, was lower, 28.4–40.0 %. Before rape harvesting in plots where mechanical weed control was applied, compared with plots where weed smothering was used, the number of weeds was significantly 3.2–4.4 times lower, and dry matter mass of weeds was 2.2–3.1 times lower. The yield of rape seeds increased with increasing efficiency of thermal and mechanical weed control. In 2014, the yield of rape seeds depended on number of weed seedlings and dry matter mass of weeds before rape harvesting.Keywords: spring oilseed rape, weed control systems, weed, yield, organic farmin

Discrimination of elderly patients in the health care system of Lithuania

Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the barriers that elderly Lithuanians experience with respect to going to court or other institutions to defend their right not to be discriminated regarding medical care.Methods: We used a mixed methods approach due to the scarcity of information in Lithuania. First, the review of laws was done using the e-tar database and court cases were searched using the e-teismai database followed by policy analysis. Additional sources of information were identified searching Google Scholar and PubMed, as well as Google for grey literature. The keywords used were: ageism in patient care, discrimination against elderly, elderly and health (English and Lithuanian: 2000-2015). Secondly, we conducted in-depth individual interviews with 27 clients of newly-established integrated home care services: 13 elderly patients, and 14 informal caregivers.Results:  This study identified five groups of barriers explaining why Lithuanian elderly are hesitant to fight discrimination in the health system. The results of the study disclose the following barriers that the elderly in Lithuania face: i) the lack of recognition of the phenomenon of discrimination against the elderly in patient care; ii) the lack of information for complaining and the fear of consequences of complaining; iii) the deficiencies and uncertainties of laws and regulations devoted to discrimination; iv) the high level of burden of proof in court cases and lack of good practices; v) the lack of a patient (human) rights-based approach in all policies and in education as well as the lack of intersectoral work.Conclusions:  This study disclosed the need to: encourage training of legists and lawyers in expanding knowledge and skills in human rights in patient care;  encourage training of health care professionals – the burden of leadership for this has to be assumed by universities and public health professionals; incorporate a new article in the ‘Law on the rights of patients and compensation for the damage to their health’, clearly stating where to complain in case of discrimination; create a webpage and brochures with readable and understandable information for elderly persons and their families and caregivers; establish legal consultation and mediation cabinets in health care facilities; establish an older persons’ rights protection service under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour in close cooperation with the Ministry of Health; promote sustainable results by incorporating a human rights-based approach regarding elderly persons in all policies.

Augalininkystės pagrindai [elektroninis išteklius] : metodinė medžiaga pagal ūkininkavimo pradmenų mokymo programą

Autorės pavardė leidinio "Ūkininkavimo pradmenys" įvade, http://www.zmmc.lt/images/stories/ivadas.pdfVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Matematika : vadovėlis 7 klasei

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij

Matematika : kontroliniai darbai [7 klasei]

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij

The influence of sowing time on winter rape wintering by warming climate conditions

Iki dabartinio laikotarpio atlikta nemažai žieminių rapsų sėjos laiko tyrimų. Yra žinoma, kad geriausias žieminių tapsų sėjos laikas Lietuvoje - rugpjūčio vidurys. Tačiau paskutinius penkerius metus stebimi klimato pokyčiai - didėja vidutinė paros oro temperatūra, keičiasi kritulių pasiskirstymas, daugiausiai jų iškrinta skystoje formoje. Vykstant klimato pokyčiams, gali keistis ir žieminių rapsų sėjos laikas. Sėjos laikas turi didelę įtaką augalų pasiruošimui žiemojimui. Mūsų klimato ir dirvožemio, ypač nevienodo reljefo, sąlygose žieminiai rapsai blogai žiemoja. Neigiamus poveikius mažina naujos imuniškai atsparios veislės, tinkamai parinktos, paruoštos bei patręštos dirvos, kiekvienai veislei tinkamiausių sėklos normų ir sėjos laiko panaudojimas. 2007-2008 m. LŽŪU Bandymų stotyje atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad geriausiai pasiruošė žiemoti rugpjūčio 30 d. sėti žieminiai rapsaiSumary Until this time there are earned out not a few experiments of winter rape sowing time. It is known, that optimal time for winter rape^sowing Lithuania is mid-August. During last five years it is watched climate change - average air temperature is increasing, distribution of preop.tation dunging, most of it precipitates in liquid form. It is possible, that climate change influences the time of winter rape sowing. The time of sowing has significant impact on plants preparation for wintering. In our climatic and soil (especially in uneven relief) conditions winter rape is wintering poorly. The negative influence is reduced by: new immune varieties, properly selected, prepared and fertilized soils, for each variety used optimal sowing time and rate. Research carried out in Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 2007-2008 showed that the best prepared for overwintering was rape sown on August 30Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Response of Cucumbers (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) to Waste Wood Fiber Substrates and Additional Nitrogen Fertilization

As the consumption of plant products grown under regulated-climate conditions intensifies, its production also intensifies. Peat substrate as a growing medium is widely used due to its desirable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Peatlands play an important ecological, economic, and cultural role in human well-being, but their resources are decreasing, so wood fiber can be used as a substitute for peat substrate. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were cultivated in growing media (Factor A) of peat substrate and wood fiber: (1) peat substrate (PS); (2) wood fiber (WF); (3) WF and PS 50:50 v/v; or (4) WF and PS 25:75 v/v. To evaluate the amount of additional nitrogen, four fertilization rates were used (Factor B): (1) conventional fertilization (CF); (2) N13; (3) N23; or (4) N30. The yield of cucumbers grown in wood fiber depended on the amount of additional nitrogen. When plants were fertilized with the highest rate of additional nitrogen, N30, their yield increased by 22% compared to the yield of cucumbers that were grown in wood fiber using conventional fertilization. Chlorophyll synthesis was the most intense in the leaves of cucumbers grown in wood fiber when the plants were additionally fertilized with N23 and N30, and in mixtures of wood fiber with peat substrate in ratios of 50:50 and 25:75, fertilized with N23 and N13, respectively. In summary, it can be argued that cucumbers can be grown in wood fiber and in a mixture with peat substrate in a ratio of 50:50, but additional nitrogen is needed to compensate for the amount of nitrogen immobilized in the fiber

Effect of 50-year term different crop rotations on soil organic matter

Soil carbon sequestration is almost only negative emission technologies which are readily available at a low cost and crop rotation is one of those. Identification and implementation of land use and soil management practices which create a positive agricultural soil organic matter and restore soil quality is specific challenge worldwide. Long-term field experiment was established in 1966 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University. 9 different crop rotations were arranged in time and space. In addition, Continuous rye monoculture (with and without herbicides and mineral fertilizers) as well as Continuous bare fallow were included as control treatments. Investigations were carried out in 2015 and 2018 (after 50-year term). Soil – Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The objective of this investigation was to compare the effect of different crop rotations and rye monoculture as well as 50-year bare fallow on soil organic matter. The highest soil organic matter (SOM) content established in crop rotations with perennial grasses and/or with farmyard manure application: Cereal, Norfolk, Fodder and Field with raw crops. Crop rotations For green manure and Intensive, in which soil productivity supported with green manure, indicated lower SOM. The least SOM content was in Cereal and Three course crop rotations. SOM stocks were 16.9 % and 22.5 % lower to compare with Norfolk crop rotation. SOM in Continuous bare fallow obtained 2 times less. Bare fallow without farmyard manure application mostly decreased soil productivity. Crop rotation design in modern agriculture persist as one of major instruments for soil organic carbon management and sustainable intensificationAgronomijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta