Trade credit in Europe: Financial constraint and substitution effect in crisis times

This paper aims to prove whether financial rationing condition leads European enterprises to increase trade debt during the period 2008–2016 and whether companies offering deferred payments to customers obtain trade debt from suppliers. The work contributes to the existing literature by finding new empirical evidence on the substitution and matching hypotheses in times of crises, measuring the specific rationing conditions for businesses and distinguishing large, medium, small and micro-sized companies. The results revealed that, in times of crisis, medium, small and micro firms, highly likely to be constrained, employ trade credit more extensively, as those granting deferred payment terms.publishedVersio

Atomically precise rhodium nanoclusters: synthesis and characterization of the heterometallic [Rh18Sn3Cl2(CO)33]4- and Rh7Sn4Cl10(CO)14]5- carbonyl compounds

This paper presents a deepening on the investigation of the Rh-Sn system of heterometallic carbonyl clusters. More specifically, we herein report the synthesis and isolation of the new [Rh7Sn4Cl10(CO)14]5− (1) compound and the atomically precise [Rh18Sn3Cl2(CO)33]4− (2) nanocluster. Cluster 1 can be obtained by reacting the [Rh7(CO)16]3− homometallic cluster with hydrated Sn(II) chloride, in acetone; conversely, cluster 2 derives from the previously known [Rh12Sn(CO)23Cl2]4− precursor after controlled addition of diluted sulphuric acid. Notably, only 2 has retained the recurrent Sn-centred icosahedral structural feature, while 1 shows a molecular structure based on two Rh4 tetrahedra joint by one vertex and stabilized by SnCl2 and [SnCl3]− fragments. Both species have been characterized by infrared (IR) analysis in solution, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)

Heterogeneous Graphical Models with Applications to Omics Data

Thanks to the advances in bioinformatics and high-throughput methodologies of the last decades, a large unprecedented amount of biological data coming from various experiments in metabolomics, genomics and proteomics is available. This has lead the researchers to conduct more and more comprehensive molecular proling of biological samples through different multiple aspects of genomic activities, thus introducing new challenges in the developments of statistical tools to integrate and model multi-omics data. The main research objective of this thesis is to develop a statistical framework for modelling the interactions between genes when their activity is measured on different domains; to do so, our approach relies on the concept of multilayer network, and how structures of this type can be combined with graphical models for mixed data, i.e., data comprising variables of different nature (e.g., continuous, categorical, skewed, to name a few). We further develop an algorithm for learning the structure of the undirected multilayer networks underlying the proposed models, showing its promising results through empirical analyses on cancer data, which was downloaded from the public TCGA consortium

Sintesi, caratterizzazione e reattività di nuovi cluster eterometallici Rh-Au

Durante il mio progetto di tesi mi sono occupato di cluster carbonilici eterometallici di rodio. Ho investigato la reattività di [Rh7(CO)16]3- con due diversi sali di Au3+, variando i rapporti stechiometrici, provando solventi diversi e sfruttando l’atmosfera controllata di CO per le sintesi, e sia quella inerte di N2 sia quella controllata di H2 per lo studio della reattività. Lo scopo preposto inizialmente era quello di ottimizzare la sintesi di [Rh16Au6(CO)36]6- e, successivamente, tentare di sintetizzare nuovi cluster Rh-Au. Per quanto riguarda la reattività con [AuCl4]- sono riuscito a riprodurre il cluster di interesse e ad ottenerne uno nuovo avente la stessa struttura ma carica differente, [Rh16Au6(CO)36]5-. Parallelamente mi sono occupato della reattività con [AuBr4]-, riuscendo a sintetizzare il cluster [Rh22(CO)37]2-. Successivamente mi sono dedicato allo studio della reattività, ponendo in atmosfere diverse il composto [Rh16Au6(CO)36]6-. Ho ottenuto due nuovi cluster, [Rh18Au(CO)33]3- e [HRh9(CO)20]2-. Tutti i composti sono stati caratterizzati attraverso spettroscopia IR e diffrattometria ai raggi X su cristallo singolo. Su [HRh9(CO)20]2- ho anche effettuato un’analisi 1H-NMR

Heterogeneous Graphical Models with Applications to Omics Data

Thanks to the advances in bioinformatics and high-throughput methodologies of the last decades, a large unprecedented amount of biological data coming from various experiments in metabolomics, genomics and proteomics is available. This has lead the researchers to conduct more and more comprehensive molecular proling of biological samples through different multiple aspects of genomic activities, thus introducing new challenges in the developments of statistical tools to integrate and model multi-omics data. The main research objective of this thesis is to develop a statistical framework for modelling the interactions between genes when their activity is measured on different domains; to do so, our approach relies on the concept of multilayer network, and how structures of this type can be combined with graphical models for mixed data, i.e., data comprising variables of different nature (e.g., continuous, categorical, skewed, to name a few). We further develop an algorithm for learning the structure of the undirected multilayer networks underlying the proposed models, showing its promising results through empirical analyses on cancer data, which was downloaded from the public TCGA consortium

Opprør, illusjon og kaos : en analyse av den historiske avantgarden

Oppgavens formål er, hovedsakelig gjennom en kunstteoretisk analyse, å vise at den historiske avantgarden – futurismen, dadaismen og surrealismen – i første rekke må analyseres ut fra avantgardistisk ideologi, ikke fra avantgardistisk kunst. Fundamentet for analysen er ideologiene som uttrykkes i de fire sentrale avantgardistiske manifestene: ”Futurismens grunnlag og manifest”, ”Manifest Dada 1918”, ”Første surrealistiske manifest” og ”Annet surrealistiske manifest”. Ideologiene var revolusjonære med en felles frihetsambisjon, men for øvrig innbyrdes motsetningsfylte, til dels også selvmotsigende. Så hva binder retningene sammen som gjør det meningsfylt å snakke om en overordnet historisk avantgarde? I forlengelsen av gjennomgangen stilles spørsmålet om avantgardens dogmatiske ideologi lot seg overføre til kunsten, eller snarere kan betraktes som en hindring for frigjøringen av den. Sentrale elementer i diskusjonen er forholdet mellom prosess og effekt og bildet av avantgarden som original, autonom, sublim og kompromissløs. Avantgardens motsetningsfylte natur illustreres gjennom en diskusjon av Luigi Pirandellos Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore, som realiserte mye av avantgardens ambisjon, uten utspring i dens ideologiske strenghet. Oppgaven forsøker å vise at ideologien, i motsetning til andre kunstretninger, ikke ligger i at ideen skal fullbyrdes og konkretiseres i en bestemt praksis, men anviser en kunstnerisk frihet som leder til uforutsigbarhet og kaos og derigjennom til realisering av frihetsidealet gjennom fornyelse. Den konkluderer med at kaosets rolle er vesentlig for forståelsen av den historiske avantgarden som én bevegelse, og at dens motsetningsfylte natur nettopp bidrar til, snarere enn forhindrer, foreningen av avantgardens tre hovedretninger

Estudio de caso con perspectivas de intervención : la postura general de RR.HH. de la Administración Pública Nacional (APN) con respecto al personal (postulante y en ejercicio) con discapacidad y propuestas para una mejora de los procesos de búsqueda, selección e introducción, además de orientar capacitaciones para el personal con discapacidad para aplicar en Recursos Humanos de los organismos de la Administración Pública Nacional

Fil: Ledesma Bussoli, Evangelina A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Rhodium clusters: investigation of the reactivity towaeds phosphines and selected d- and p-metals

During my PhD we focused on different research projects concerning the synthesis and characterization of new rhodium carbonyl clusters. More specifically, we studied the reactivity between Rh4(CO)12 and different bidentate phosphines, obtaining seven different species: Rh4(CO)10(dppe), Rh4(CO)8(dppe)2, Rh4(CO)10(dppf), {Rh4(CO)10(dpp-hexane)}2, {Rh4(CO)10(t-dppe)}2, Rh2(CO)2(dppf)2 and Rh4(CO)9(μ2-dppe)(μ1-dppeO). The reactivity of [Rh7(CO)16]3- with [AuCl4]- and Au(Et2S)Cl led to the formation of seven bimetallic clusters, of which four new ones, namely [Rh16Au6(CO)36]6-, [Rh10Au(CO)26]3-, [Rh16Au6(CO)36]4-, [Rh16Au6(CO)36]5-, [Rh22Au3(CO)47]5-, [Rh19Au5(CO)40]4- and [Rh20Au7(CO)45]5-. The reactivity of [Rh16Au6(CO)36]6- and [Rh10Au(CO)26]3- was studied as well. The reactivity of [Rh7(CO)16]3- with AgBF4, AgNO3 and with Pt(Et2S)2Cl2 was investigated, yielding only to the already known [Rh6N(CO)15]-, [PtRh5(CO)15]- and [PtRh4(CO)14]2- compounds. [Rh7(CO)16]3- war reacted with SnCl2·2H2O in acetone obtaining [Rh7Sn4Cl10(CO)14]5-, and [Rh12Sn(CO)23Cl2]4- was reacted with H+ obtaining [Rh18Sn3Cl2(CO)44]4-. Reactivity of [Rh7(CO)16]3- with InCl3 resulted in the isolation of [Rh12In(CO)28]3- and [Rh11In3(CO)25Cl2]3-, already known in our research lab, and the new [HRh11In(CO)26]3-. Moreover, a more straightforward synthesis for [Rh6InCl3(CO)15]2- was found, and this also led to the isolation of the [Rh6InCl2(DMF)(CO)15]-. The recover or rhodium as valuable carbonyl compound was also studied, and starting from a mixture of by-products it was possible to obtain the starting material [Rh7(CO)16]3-