Use of the calorimeter to improve analyzing power of the reactions, investigating secondary proton polarization

The reaction p + CH2 - \u3e forward charge particle + X is used for this aim traditionally. Analyzing power of this reaction falls off as 1/p, where p is the laboratory momentum. At the proton momenta of order 8 GeV/c, which are expected at the JLab experiment, the low analyzing power creates problems for off-line analysis of data. On the other hand, it is well known that the reaction p+p - \u3e p+p has the much more analyzing power. So, the calorimeter is predestinated for suppression of inelastic events in this reaction. In the report it is shown that the problem is solved quite well

Postoperative delirium in elderly patients after thoracic surgery

Background. Postoperative delirium is one of the most severe and common complications of thoracic surgery in elderly patients.Objective. To establish a simple and accurate method for predicting the development of postoperative delirium in patients after thoracic surgery.Material and Methods. We performed an observational cohort study of 303 patients who underwent lobectomy for oncological diseases. The nature of anesthesia and surgical intervention, features of the volume status and hemodynamic changes during the perioperative period were analyzed, laboratory indicators of this period were evaluated.Results. Of 303 patients, 43 (14.2%) developed postoperative delirium. Non-modifiable factors for the development of postoperative delirium included age, history of cerebrovascular accident, alcohol misuse disorder, chronic heart failure, more severe physical status according to the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Physical Status Classification System. Modifiable factors are the following: the duration of one-lung ventilation, episodes of perioperative hypotension and hypoxemia, the use of opioids, the intensity of the pain syndrome in the postoperative period, and reduced oxygen transport function of the blood. A number of laboratory parameters (blood albumin, blood glucose, leukocytosis), reflecting the degree of surgical stress, may also be useful in postoperative delirium predicting.Conclusion. A prognostic coefficient was compiled with a concordance of 99.9 and Somers' D 0.998. It is equal to the sum of the products: (–3.5367) multiplied by pain intensity on a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale an hour after surgery; 2.2037 multiplied by the blood albumin level the morning after surgery;    (–4.8151) multiplied by the blood glucose level the morning after surgery

Theory and Applications of X-ray Standing Waves in Real Crystals

Theoretical aspects of x-ray standing wave method for investigation of the real structure of crystals are considered in this review paper. Starting from the general approach of the secondary radiation yield from deformed crystals this theory is applied to different concreat cases. Various models of deformed crystals like: bicrystal model, multilayer model, crystals with extended deformation field are considered in detailes. Peculiarities of x-ray standing wave behavior in different scattering geometries (Bragg, Laue) are analysed in detailes. New possibilities to solve the phase problem with x-ray standing wave method are discussed in the review. General theoretical approaches are illustrated with a big number of experimental results.Comment: 101 pages, 43 figures, 3 table

ГИПОАЛЬБУМИНЕМИЯ, ГЛИКЕМИЯ И ЛЕЙКОЦИТОЗ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ОСТРОЙ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ У ТОРАКАЛЬНЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ

Acute post-operative respiratory failure is a dangerous complication developing after thoracic surgery.The objective of the study: to assess the potential use of albuminemia, glycemia and leukocytosis as markers of acute post-operative respiratory failure after thoracic surgery.Subjects and methods. A retrospective study was conducted enrolling 300 patients, which were divided into two groups – those who developed acute post-operative respiratory failure (n=150) and those who didn't (n=150). The post-operative level of glycemia and leukocytosis and the degree of albumin level reduction were comparatively analyzed in the early post-operative period.Results. The correlation was found between the degree of reduction of the post-operative albumin level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2 – the strong inverse correlation (r = -0.9); the strong inverse correlation (r = -0.7) was found between the leukocytosis level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2; while it was the median inverse correlation (r = -0.7) between glycemia level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2; and between the degree of the post-operative reduction of albumin and glycemia level, it was the median direct correlation (r = 0.7).Conclusion. The higher levels of peri-operative glycemia and leucocytosis during the first 24 hours after the surgery and more intense reduction of the post-operative level of albumin demonstrate the intensity of stress-reaction to the surgical trauma and make valuable markers of the acute post-operative respiratory failure development in the patients after thoracic surgery.страя послеоперационная дыхательная недостаточность (ОДН) − опасное осложнение после торакальных операций.Цель работы: изучить возможность использования альбуминемии, гликемии и лейкоцитоза в качестве маркеров развития ОДН после торакальных операций.Материал и методы. Выполнено ретроспективное исследование у 300 пациентов, которых разделили на две группы − с развитием ОДН (n = 150) и без нее (n = 150). Провели сравнительный анализ периоперационного уровня гликемии, лейкоцитоза и степени снижения уровня альбумина в раннем послеоперационном периоде.Результаты. Выявлена корреляционная связь между степенью снижения послеоперационного уровня альбумина и соотношением PaO2/FiO2 − сильная обратная (r = -0,9), между уровнем лейкоцитоза и соотношением PaO2/FiO2 − сильная обратная (r = -0,7), между уровнем гликемии и соотношением PaO2/FiO2 − средняя обратная (r = -0,7), между степенью снижения послеоперационного уровня альбумина и уровнем гликемии − средняя прямая (r = 0,7).Заключение. Более высокие уровни периоперационной гликемии и лейкоцитоза в первые послеоперационные сутки и более высокая степень снижения послеоперационного уровня альбумина показывают выраженность стресс-реакции на операционную травму и являются значимыми маркерами развития послеоперационной ОДН у пациентов после торакальных операций

The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by hypoxia depends on iron status

Hypoxia is a major cause of pulmonary hypertension. Gene expression activated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is central to this process. The oxygen-sensing iron-dependent dioxygenase enzymes that regulate HIF are highly sensitive to varying iron availability. It is unknown whether iron similarly influences the pulmonary vasculature. This human physiology study aimed to determine whether varying iron availability affects pulmonary arterial pressure and the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia, as predicted biochemically by the role of HIF. In a controlled crossover study, 16 healthy iron-replete volunteers undertook two separate protocols. The ‘Iron Protocol’ studied the effects of an intravenous infusion of iron on the pulmonary vascular response to 8 h of sustained hypoxia. The ‘Desferrioxamine Protocol’ examined the effects of an 8 h intravenous infusion of the iron chelator desferrioxamine on the pulmonary circulation. Primary outcome measures were pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and the PASP response to acute hypoxia (ΔPASP), assessed by Doppler echocardiography. In the Iron Protocol, infusion of iron abolished or greatly reduced both the elevation in baseline PASP (P < 0.001) and the enhanced sensitivity of the pulmonary vasculature to acute hypoxia (P = 0.002) that are induced by exposure to sustained hypoxia. In the Desferrioxamine Protocol, desferrioxamine significantly elevated both PASP (P < 0.001) and ΔPASP (P = 0.01). We conclude that iron availability modifies pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia. Further research should investigate the potential for therapeutic manipulation of iron status in the management of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive disease

Properties of the Liquid-Vapor Interface of Acetone-Water Mixtures. A Computer Simulation and ITIM Analysis Study

Molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid-vapor interface of acetone-water mixtures of different compositions, covering the entire composition range have been performed on the canonical (N, V, T) ensemble at 298 K, using a model combination that excellently describes the mixing properties of these compounds. The properties of the intrinsic liquid surfaces have been analyzed in terms of the Identification of the Truly Interfacial Molecules (ITIM) method. Thus, the composition, width, roughness, and separation of the subsurface molecular layers, as well as self-association, orientation, and dynamics of exchange with the bulk phase of the surface molecules have been analyzed in detail. Our results show that acetone molecules are strongly adsorbed at the liquid surface, and this adsorption extends to several molecular layers. Like molecules in the surface layer are found to form relatively large lateral self-associates. The effect of the vicinity of the vapor phase on a number of properties of the liquid phase vanishes beyond the first molecular layer, with the second subsurface layer already part of the bulk liquid phase in these respects. The orientational preferences of the surface molecules are governed primarily by the dipole-dipole interaction of the neighboring acetone molecules, and hydrogen bonding interaction of the neighboring acetone-water pairs. (Figure Presented). © 2015 American Chemical Society

Results of measurements of the analyzing powers for polarized neutrons on C, CH <inf>2</inf> and Cu targets for momenta between 3 and 4.2 GeV/c

The analyzing powers for neutron charge exchange nA → pX reactions on nuclei have been measured on C, CH2 and Cu targets at incident neutron momenta 3.0 - 4.2 GeV/c by detecting one charged particle in forward direction. The polarized neutron measurements are the first of their kind. The experiment was performed using the Nuclotron accelerator in JINR Dubna, where polarized neutrons and protons were obtained from breakup of a polarized deuteron beam which has a maximum momentum of 13 GeV/c. The polarimeter ALPOM2 was used to obtain the analyzing power dependence on the transverse momentum of the final-state nucleon. These data have been used to estimate the figure of merit of a proposed experiment at Jefferson Laboratory to measure the recoiling neutron polarization in the quasi-elastic 2H(e, e'n) reaction, which yields information on the charge and magnetic elastic form factors of the neutron

HYPOALBUMINEMIA, GLYCEMIA AND LEUKOCYTOSIS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE POST-OPERATIVE RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN THE PATIENTS AFTER THORACIC SURGERY

Acute post-operative respiratory failure is a dangerous complication developing after thoracic surgery.The objective of the study: to assess the potential use of albuminemia, glycemia and leukocytosis as markers of acute post-operative respiratory failure after thoracic surgery.Subjects and methods. A retrospective study was conducted enrolling 300 patients, which were divided into two groups – those who developed acute post-operative respiratory failure (n=150) and those who didn't (n=150). The post-operative level of glycemia and leukocytosis and the degree of albumin level reduction were comparatively analyzed in the early post-operative period.Results. The correlation was found between the degree of reduction of the post-operative albumin level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2 – the strong inverse correlation (r = -0.9); the strong inverse correlation (r = -0.7) was found between the leukocytosis level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2; while it was the median inverse correlation (r = -0.7) between glycemia level and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2; and between the degree of the post-operative reduction of albumin and glycemia level, it was the median direct correlation (r = 0.7).Conclusion. The higher levels of peri-operative glycemia and leucocytosis during the first 24 hours after the surgery and more intense reduction of the post-operative level of albumin demonstrate the intensity of stress-reaction to the surgical trauma and make valuable markers of the acute post-operative respiratory failure development in the patients after thoracic surgery