11,645 research outputs found
Hubble space telescope six-battery test bed
A test bed for a large space power system breadboard for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was designed and built to test the system under simulated orbital conditions. A discussion of the data acquisition and control subsystems designed to provide for continuous 24 hr per day operation and a general overview of the test bed is presented. The data acquisition and control subsystems provided the necessary monitoring and protection to assure safe shutdown with protection of test articles in case of loss of power or equipment failure over the life of the test (up to 5 years)
Characteristics of Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillations Observed with Michelson Doppler Imager
We report on the spatial distribution of magnetogram oscillatory power and
phase angles between velocity and magnetogram signals as observed with the
Michelson Doppler Imager. The dataset is 151.25 arcsec times 151.25 arcsec
containing sunspot from Dec 2, 1997 with a temporal sampling interval of 60
seconds and spatial sampling of 0.605 arcsec. Simultaneously observed continuum
intensity and surface velocity accompany the magnetic information. We focus on
three frequency regimes: 0.5-1.0, 3.0-3.5 and 5.5-6.0 mHz corresponding roughly
to timescales of magnetic evolution, p-modes and the 3 minute resonant sunspot
oscillation. Significant low frequency magnetogram power is found in lower flux
pixels, 100-300 Gauss, in a striking ring with filamentary structure
surrounding sunspot. Five minute magnetogram power peaks in extended regions of
flux 600-800 Gauss. The 3 minute oscillation is observed in sunspot umbra in
pixels whose flux measures 1300-1500 Gauss. Phase angles of approximately -90
degrees between velocity and magnetic flux in the 3.0-3.5 and 5.5-6.0 mHz
regimes are found in regions of significant cross amplitude.Comment: 4 Pages, 4 Figures -- For better Figure files see:
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~norton/pub_list.htm
Extensive infrared spectroscopic study of CuO: signatures of strong spin-phonon interaction and structural distortion
Optical properties of single-crystal monoclinic CuO in the range 70 - 6000
\cm were studied at temperatures from 7 to 300 K. Normal reflection spectra
were obtained from the (001) and (010) crystal faces thus giving for the first
time separate data for the and phonon modes excited in the
purely transverse way (TO modes). Mode parameters, including polarizations of
the modes not determined by the crystal symmetry, were extracted by the
dispersion analysis of reflectivity curves as a function of temperature.
Spectra of all the components of the optical conductivity tensor were obtained
using the Kramers-Kronig method recently extended to the case of the
low-symmetry crystals. The number of strong phonon modes is in agreement with
the factor-group analysis for the crystal structure, currently accepted for the
CuO. However, several "extra" modes of minor intensity are detected. Comparison
of frequencies of "extra" modes with the available phonon dispersion curves
points to possible "diagonal" doubling of the unit cell \{{\bf a}, {\bf b},
{\bf c}\} \{{\bf a}+{\bf c}, {\bf b}, {\bf a}-{\bf c}\} and formation of
the superlattice. The previously reported softening of the mode
( 400 \cm) with cooling at is found to be 10 % for the TO
mode. The mode is very broad at high temperatures and strongly narrows in the
AFM phase. We attribute this effect to strong resonance coupling of this mode
to optical or acoustic bi-magnons and reconstruction of the magnetic
excitations spectrum at the N\'eel point. A significant anisotropy of
is observed: it was found to be 5.9 along the {\bf b}-axis,
6.2 along the {[}101{]} chains and 7.8 the {[}10{]} chains. The
"transverse" effective charge is value is about 2 electrons.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, REVTeX, submitted to PR
Computed tomography measures of nutrition in patients with end-stage liver disease provide a novel approach to characterize deficits
Aim
Patients with cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) develop severe nutrition deficits that impact on morbidity and mortality. Laboratory measures of nutrition fail to fully assess clinical deficits in muscle mass and fat stores. This study employs computed tomography imaging to assess muscle mass and subcutaneous and visceral fat stores in patients with ESLD.
Methods
This 1:1 case-control study design compares ESLD patients with healthy controls. Study patients were selected from a database of ESLD patients using a stratified method to assure a representative sample based on age, body mass index (BMI), gender, and model for end-stage liver disease score (MELD). Control patients were trauma patients with a low injury severity score (<10) who had a CT scan during evaluation. Cases and controls were matched for age +/- 5 years, gender, and BMI +/- 2.
Results
There were 90 subjects and 90 controls. ESLD patients had lower albumin levels (p<0.001), but similar total protein levels (p=0.72). ESLD patients had a deficit in muscle mass (-19%, p<0.001) and visceral fat (-13%, p<0.001), but similar subcutaneous fat (-1%, p=0.35). ESLD patients at highest risk for sarcopenia included those over age 60, BMI< 25.0, and female gender. We found degree of sarcopenia to be independent of MELD score.
Conclusions
These results support previous research demonstrating substantial nutrition deficits in ESLD patients that are not adequately measured by laboratory testing. Patients with ESLD have significant deficits of muscle and visceral fat stores, but a similar amount of subcutaneous fat
Mission description and in-flight operations of ERBE instruments on ERBS and NOAA 9 spacecraft, November 1984 - January 1986
Instruments of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are operating on three different Earth orbiting spacecrafts: the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), NOAA-9, and NOAA-10. An overview is presented of the ERBE mission, in-orbit environments, and instrument design and operational features. An overview of science data processing and validation procedures is also presented. In-flight operations are described for the ERBE instruments aboard the ERBS and NOAA-9. Calibration and other operational procedures are described, and operational and instrument housekeeping data are presented and discussed
Labor Productivity in Sawmills of the Eastern and Southeastern United States
A survey of sawmills in the eastern and southeastern regions of the United States was conducted. Responding mills produced an average of 12,661 MBf in calendar year 1984 and 76 percent reported annual sales of less than $10 million. The majority of sawmills utilized circular saw headrigs and the most common type of computer controlled/assisted equipment was a log carriage. Softwood sawmills were found to have significantly higher labor productivity than hardwood sawmills. Regression analysis indicated that labor productivity economies of scale exist within the softwood segment of the industry. Labor productivity increased with mill size but at a decreasing rate. No strong evidence of labor productivity economies of scale in the hardwood industry segment was found
Context dependent substitution biases vary within the human genome
Background:
Models of sequence evolution typically assume that different nucleotide positions evolve independently. This assumption is widely appreciated to be an over-simplification. The best known violations involve biases due to adjacent nucleotides. There have also been suggestions that biases exist at larger scales, however this possibility has not been systematically explored.
Results:
To address this we have developed a method which identifies over- and under-represented substitution patterns and assesses their overall impact on the evolution of genome composition. Our method is designed to account for biases at smaller pattern sizes, removing their effects. We used this method to investigate context bias in the human lineage after the divergence from chimpanzee. We examined bias effects in substitution patterns between 2 and 5 bp long and found significant effects at all sizes. This included some individual three and four base pair patterns with relatively large biases. We also found that bias effects vary across the genome, differing between transposons and non-transposons, between different classes of transposons, and also near and far from genes.
Conclusions:
We found that nucleotides beyond the immediately adjacent one are responsible for substantial context effects, and that these biases vary across the genome
Computing the entropy of user navigation in the web
Navigation through the web, colloquially known as "surfing", is one of the main activities of users during web interaction. When users follow a navigation trail they often tend to get disoriented in terms of the goals of their original query and thus the discovery of typical user trails could be useful in providing navigation assistance. Herein, we give a theoretical underpinning of user navigation in terms of the entropy of an underlying Markov chain modelling the web topology. We present a novel method for online incremental computation of the entropy and a large deviation result regarding the length of a trail to realize the said entropy. We provide an error analysis for our estimation of the entropy in terms of the divergence between the empirical and actual probabilities. We then indicate applications of our algorithm in the area of web data mining. Finally, we present an extension of our technique to higher-order Markov chains by a suitable reduction of a higher-order Markov chain model to a first-order one
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