The effect of blue light exposure in an ocular melanoma animal model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Uveal melanoma (UM) cell lines, when exposed to blue light in vitro, show a significant increase in proliferation. In order to determine if similar effects could be seen in vivo, we investigated the effect of blue light exposure in a xenograft animal model of UM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with 1.0 × 10⁶human UM cells (92.1) in the suprachoroidal space of the right eye. Animals were equally divided into two groups; the experimental group was exposed to blue light, while the control group was protected from blue light exposure. The eyes were enucleated after sacrifice and the proliferation rates of the re-cultured tumor cells were assessed using a Sulforhodamine-B assay. Cells were re-cultured for 1 passage only in order to maintain any in vivo cellular changes. Furthermore, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) protein expression was used to ascertain differences in cellular proliferation between both groups in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes (FFPE).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Blue light exposure led to a statistically significant increase in proliferation for cell lines derived from intraocular tumors (p < 0.01). PCNA expression was significantly higher in the FFPE blue light treated group when compared to controls (p = 0.0096).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is an increasing amount of data suggesting that blue light exposure may influence the progression of UM. Our results support this notion and warrant further studies to evaluate the ability of blue light filtering lenses to slow disease progression in UM patients.</p

QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories : challenges and perspectives

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.Peer reviewe

Rapid growth of an orbital hemangiopericytoma with atypical histopathological findings

Luiz Frederico Pacheco,1,2 Bruno F Fernandes,1 Cristina Miyamoto,1,3 Shawn C Maloney,1 Bryan Arthurs,1 Miguel N Burnier Jr1,3 1Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S&atilde;o Paulo, S&atilde;o Paulo, Brazil Abstract: Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor that originates from pericytes. The orbit is a rare location for this particular tumor, and corresponds to 0.8% to 3% of all primary orbital tumors. We report a case of a hemangiopericytoma in a 45-year-old man that had an unusual presentation, as a rapidly growing mass in the anterior right inferior orbit. Given that there are no clinical or radiological signs pathognomonic of this tumor, a careful histopathological examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. In our case, it presented also with unusual histopathological findings. The clinical features, radiological findings, differential diagnosis and treatment of this challenging entity are reviewed in this case report. Keywords: hemangiopericytoma, orbit, tumo

Expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Retinoblastoma

Introdução: As cinases de adesão focal (CAF) são tirosina-cinases citoplasmáticas, não receto- ras, importantes e no processo oncogénico. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de expressão das CAF no retinoblastoma e correlacioná-la com fatores prognósticos histopatológicos. Material e Métodos: a expressão de CAF e da sua forma ativa fosforilada - CAF [pY397] - foi avaliada em vinte espécimes de retinoblastomas por imuno-histoquímica. A imunorreatividade foi correlacionada com a idade, grau de diferenciação do tumor e com a presença ou ausência de invasão da câmara anterior, coroideia, vítreo e nervo ótico. Resultados: A avaliação histopatológica revelou 55% de tumores pouco diferenciados, 30% moderadamente diferenciados e 15% bem diferenciados. A invasão da câmara anterior foi obser- vada em 80% dos casos, da coróide em 35%, do vítreo em 25% e do nervo ótico em 70%. Vinte e cinco por cento dos tumores apresentaram uma forte expressão de CAF [pY397], 60% expressão moderada e 15% expressão fraca. Relativamente à imunorreatividade para CAF não fosforilada, 20% dos tumores revelaram-se fortemente positivos, 75% moderadamente positivos e 5% fraca- mente positivos. Não houve correlação significativa entre a expressão destas moléculas e a idade ou fatores de prognóstico histopatológicos. Conclusão: Este estudo foi o primeiro a avaliar a expressão desta molécula no retinoblastoma. Todos os espécimes apresentaram expressão de CAF ou CAF [pY397], tendo mais de 80% exi- bido expressão moderada ou forte de ambas. Os resultados sugerem uma potencial relação destas moléculas com o processo oncogénico, abrindo perspetivas relativamente a novas estratégias de intervenção terapêutica no retinoblastoma.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Current and emerging treatment options for uveal melanoma

Patricia Rusa Pereira,1 Alexandre Nakao Odashiro,2 Li-Anne Lim,1 Cristina Miyamoto,1 Paula L Blanco,4 Macanori Odashiro,3 Shawn Maloney,1 Dominique F De Souza,1 Miguel N Burnier Jr1 1The Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; 3Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada Abstract: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults, with a 10-year cumulative metastatic rate of 34%. The most common site of metastasis is the liver (95%). Unfortunately, the current treatment of metastatic UM is limited by the lack of effective systemic therapy. Options for the management of the primary intraocular tumor include radical surgery as well as conservative treatments in order to preserve visual acuity. For metastatic disease, several approaches have been described with no standard method. Nevertheless, median survival after liver metastasis is poor, being around 4&ndash;6 months, with a 1-year survival of 10%&ndash;15%. In this review, the authors summarize current and promising new treatments for UM. Keywords: uveal melanoma, choroidal melanoma, eye, metastasis, treatment, therap