Mass and Transverse Mass Effects on the Hadron Emitter Size

We investigate the dependence of the longitudinal emitter dimension of identical bosons, produced in the hadronic Z$^0$ decays, on their transverse mass obtained from 2-dimensional Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) analyses. We show that this dependence is well described by the expression $r_{||}=c\sqrt{\hbar\Delta t}/\sqrt{m_T}$, deduced from the uncertainty relations, setting $\Delta t$ to be a constant of the order of $10^{-24}$ sec. This equation is essentially identical to the one previously applied to the 1-dimensional BEC results for the emitter radius dependence on the boson mass itself. It is further shown that a very similar behaviour exists also for the dependence of the interatomic separation in Bose condensates on their atomic masses when they are at the same very low temperature.Comment: 10 pges, 2 figure

What Drives Innovation?

An analysis of the importance of a number of socio-economic variables upon innovation at different stages of economic development

Spatial attention can be biased towards an expected dimension

A commonly held view in both exogenous and endogenous orienting is that spatial attention is associated with enhanced processing of all stimuli at the attended location. However, we often search for a specific target at a particular location, so an observer should be able to jointly specify the target identity and expected location. Whether attention can bias dimension-specific processes at a particular location is not yet clear. We used a dual task to examine the effects of endogenous spatial cues on the accuracy of perceptual judgments of different dimensions. Participants responded to a motion target and a colour target, presented at the same or different locations. We manipulated a central cue to predict the location of the motion or colour target. While overall performance in the two tasks was comparable, cueing effects were larger for the target whose location was predicted by the cue, implying that when attending a particular location, processing of the likely dimension was preferentially enhanced. Additionally, an asymmetry between the motion and colour tasks was seen; motion was modulated by attention, and colour was not. We conclude that attention has some ability to select a dimension at a particular location, indicating integration of spatial and feature-based attention. </jats:p

Separable Structure of Many-Body Ground-State Wave Function

We have investigated a general structure of the ground-state wave function for the Schr\"odinger equation for $N$ identical interacting particles (bosons or fermions) confined in a harmonic anisotropic trap in the limit of large $N$. It is shown that the ground-state wave function can be written in a separable form. As an example of its applications, this form is used to obtain the ground-state wave function describing collective dynamics for $N$ trapped bosons interacting via contact forces.Comment: J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 (2000) (accepted for publication

How safe are clinical systems?

Th is study was commissioned by the Health Foundation to examine the extent, type and causes of failures in reliability in different healthcare systems: failures which have the potential to create risk or cause patient harm