1,041 research outputs found
Leggett mode in a strong-coupling model of iron arsenide superconductors
Using a two-orbital model of the superconducting phase of the pnictides, we
compute the spectrum of the Leggett mode -- a collective excitation of the
phase of the superconducting gap known to exist in multi-gap superconductors --
for different possible symmetries of the superconducting order parameter.
Specifically, we identify the small regions of parameter space where the
Leggett mode lies below the two-particle continuum, and hence should be visible
as a sharp resonance peak. We discuss the possible utility of the Leggett mode
in distinguishing different momentum dependencies of the superconducting gap.
We argue that the observation of a sharp Leggett mode would be consistent with
the presence of strong electron-electron correlations in iron-based
superconductors. We also emphasize the importance of the orbital character of
the Leggett mode, which can result in an experimental observation of the mode
in channels other than
A Protocol for Citizen Science Monitoring of Recently-Planted Urban Trees
In this article, we present a protocol for citizen science monitoring of planted urban trees. Informed by social-ecological systems, urban forestry, and tree physiology research, the Planted Tree Re-Inventory Protocol is designed to allow minimally-trained volunteers or citizen scientists to collect data about the factors that influence urban tree survival and growth. We consider characteristics of the tree, the biophysical environment, institutions and management, and the community as factors that influence urban forest outcomes. Here, we reflect on tree planting organizations and their desire and capacity for monitoring. Then we define citizen science and review its use in urban forestry to date. Next we discuss the measurement of urban tree outcomes (survival and growth), and summarize the literature on factors influencing tree success and urban forest outcomes. Finally we present an overview of the main categories of variables included the Protocol. The entire Protocol is available on the Bloomington Urban Forestry Research Group website (http://www.indiana.edu/~cipec/research/bufrg_protocol) and as an Appendix to this paper
Legislative strengthening meets party support in international assistance: a closer relationship?
Recent reports recommend that international efforts to help strengthen legislatures in emerging democracies should work more closely with support for building stronger political parties and competitive party systems. This article locates the recommendations within international assistance more generally and reviews the arguments. It explores problems that must be addressed if the recommendations are to be implemented effectively. The article argues that an alternative, issue-based approach to strengthening legislatures and closer links with civil society could gain more traction. However, that is directed more centrally at promoting good governance for the purpose of furthering development than at democratisation goals sought by party aid and legislative strengtheners in the democracy assistance industry
Spin-transfer switching and low-field precession in exchange-biased spin valve nano-pillars
Using a three-dimensional focused-ion beam lithography process we have
fabricated nanopillar devices which show spin transfer torque switching at zero
external magnetic fields. Under a small in-plane external bias field, a
field-dependent peak in the differential resistance versus current is observed
similar to that reported in asymmetrical nanopillar devices. This is
interpreted as evidence for the low-field excitation of spin waves which in our
case is attributed to a spin-scattering asymmetry enhanced by the IrMn exchange
bias layer coupled to a relatively thin CoFe fixed layer.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. To appear in APL, April 200
NMR study of a bimesogenic liquid crystal with two nematic phases
Recent interest in bimesogenic liquid crystals showing two nematic phases has led us to investigate the nematic mean-field interactions in these nematic phases by using rigid solutes as probes. The nematic potential that is modelled by two independent Maier-Saupe terms is successful in fitting the observed dipolar couplings (order parameters) of para-, meta- and ortho-dichlorobenzene solutes in both the nematic phases of 39 wt% of 4-n-pentyl-4âČ-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) in α,Ï-bis(4-4âČ-cyanobiphenyl)nonane (CB_C9_CB) to better than the 5% level. The derived liquid-crystal potential parameters Gâ and Gâ for each solute in the N and Ntb phases will be discussed. The most interesting observation is that G1 (associated with size and shape interactions) is almost constant in the Ntb phase, whereas Gâ (associated with longer-range electrostatic interactions) has large variation, even changing sign
An audit of the quality of inpatient care for adults with learning disability in the UK
OBJECTIVES: To audit patient hospital records to evaluate the performance of acute general and mental health services in delivering inpatient care to people with learning disability and explore the influence of organisational factors on the quality of care they deliver. SETTING: Nine acute general hospital Trusts and six mental health services. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with learning disability who received inpatient hospital care between May 2013 and April 2014. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on seven key indicators of high-quality care were collected from 176 patients. These covered physical health/monitoring, communication and meeting needs, capacity and decision-making, discharge planning and carer involvement. The impact of services having an electronic system for flagging patients with learning disability and employing a learning disability liaison nurse was assessed. RESULTS: Indicators of physical healthcare (body mass index, swallowing assessment, epilepsy risk assessment) were poorly recorded in acute general and mental health inpatient settings. Overall, only 34 (19.3%) patients received any assessment of swallowing and 12 of the 57 with epilepsy (21.1%) had an epilepsy risk assessment. For most quality indicators, there was a non-statistically significant trend for improved performance in services with a learning disability liaison nurse. The presence of an electronic flagging system showed less evidence of benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient care for people with learning disability needs to be improved. The work gives tentative support to the role of a learning disability liaison nurse in acute general and mental health services, but further work is needed to confirm these benefits and to trial other interventions that might improve the quality and safety of care for this high-need group
Earth Observations Division version of the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing System (EOD-LARSYS) user guide for the IBM 370/148. Volume 3: As-built documentation (sections 13-23)
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
Observation of the influence of centrifugal distortion of the methane molecule on nuclear spin relaxation in the gas.
The spinâlattice relaxation time T1 was measured in gaseous CH4 as a function of density at room temperature between 0.006 and 7.0 amagats. T1 was found to pass through a minimum near 0.04 amagats in agreement with previous, less precise measurements. The spinârotation interaction is the dominant relaxation mechanism in gaseous CH4. Since the spinârotation constants are accurately known for CH4, the relaxation experiments provide a check on the theory of spinâlattice relaxation for spherical top molecules. In the conventional theory, it is assumed that the correlation function of the spinârotation interaction is a simple exponential function of time. These experiments show that this assumption is not true for CH4 gas. The observed fine structure in the plot of relaxation rate versus density is attributed to the influence of centrifugal distortion of the CH4molecule, which removes the degeneracy of rotational states having the same value of the quantum number J by an amount somewhat greater than the nuclear Larmor frequency of 30âMHz
Effect of Patterned Slip on Micro and Nanofluidic Flows
We consider the flow of a Newtonian fluid in a nano or microchannel with
walls that have patterned variations in slip length. We formulate a set of
equations to describe the effects on an incompressible Newtonian flow of small
variations in slip, and solve these equations for slow flows. We test these
equations using molecular dynamics simulations of flow between two walls which
have patterned variations in wettability. Good qualitative agreement and a
reasonable degree of quantitative agreement is found between the theory and the
molecular dynamics simulations. The results of both analyses show that
patterned wettability can be used to induce complex variations in flow. Finally
we discuss the implications of our results for the design of microfluidic
mixers using slip.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, final version for publicatio
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