PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL THINKING IN FUTURE EDUCATORS THROUGH THE SCIENCE “THEORY AND HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY”

This article will talk about the principles of the development of pedagogical thinking in future educators through the subject “Theory and history of Pedagogy”. The history of the evolutionary development of pedagogical science in different periods, its peculiarities, the role of Pedagogy of the past and present in the upbringing of the younger generation are revealed

Optimization of protein-lipid comlex by its fatty acid and vitamin composition

The polycomponent protein-lipid compositions are traditionally used in minced meat products to regulate nutritional value, functional, technological and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. The present article presents the results of research aimed to creation of antioxidant-enriched protein-lipid complex (PLC) with the optimal ratio ω3: ω6 of PUFA. The ratio of lipid component was optimized by linear programming method, where the recommended ratio of ω-6: ω-3 of PUFA as 10: 1 was used as term of limitation. In result of calculations the fatty component was obtained by blending of rendered beef fat with soybean oil and sunflower oil in the following ratio: rendered beef fat — 73%, sunflower oil — 15%, soybean oil — 12%. After that the PLC formulation was optimized by research of influence of the introduced protein complex in amount from 4% to 10% and the fatty component in amount from 40% to 43% on index of shear stress of the PLC. The introduced amount of protein, fat and water is taken in ratio 1:(4–7):(4–7) commonly used in the meat processing industry to form the functional and technological characteristics of the minced meat. In result of experiments the following PLC formulation was adopted, which provides the necessary stable consistency of the mixture: protein complex — 9%, fatty component — 42%, water — 49%. To enrich meat products with vitamins and antioxidants it is proposed to include into PLC an extract obtained with microwave field 800 W from the Daurian rosehips which grows in the Far East region. The obtained PLC has a high water-retaining capacity; it remains stable while heating and it can be stored for five days without any visible signs of deterioration, as the peroxide value remains within the permissible limits. PLC features optimal ratio of ω-6: ω-3 of PUFA, equal to 10:1, and a high value of the total antioxidants equal to 5.4 mg/g.

PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF IMPROVING THE EDUCATIONAL AUTONOMY OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TWO-LEVEL EDUCATION

Purpose of the study: The urgency of the problem under study is due to the need to ensure the substantial unity of the two stages of vocational education: undergraduate and graduate. In connection with the increase in the proportion and importance of independent learning activities of students, the problem of self-regulation and self-control of students in the organization of this process and the provision of conditions for the formation of educational autonomy of bachelors and undergraduates from the side of university teachers becomes more acute. The aim of the article is to determine the principles and effective technologies of organizing activities for the formation of the educational autonomy of students in a two-level education. Methodology: The leading principles of the study were the principles of human-like education and student-centered education. Results: The authors formulated the principles, presented copyright technology to ensure the educational autonomy of students. The results of the use of the technological complex in the framework of the educational activities of physical culture students are indicated. The created scientific and methodological complex allowed to improve the level of self-organization and self-government of students in educational activities. Applications of this study: Materials may be applied to solve a wide range of vocational education tasks. The results of the study may be applied by teachers of higher education in order to develop the professional creativity of students and the formation of their professional identity. Novelty/Originality of this study: The problem of the formation of the educational autonomy of students is exacerbated in the conditions of modern higher education due to the increasing proportion of independent work of students and the possibilities of an open educational environment. The originality of the research lies in the development of technology for the use of anthropic educational technologies, focused more on students' activities, rather than regulating the activities of university teachers

New Format of the Final State Examination at Bachelor Graduates in the Field of «Pedagogical Education»

The purpose of this study is to build a model of fund tasks aimed at assessing general professional and universal competencies of bachelor's graduates studying in the field of training «Pedagogical education» at the stage of preparation and conduct of the final state exam. Systemic, action-oriented, competency-based and contextual approaches were used as methodological guidelines in the development of fundraising tasks. The authors defined the notions of "fund task", "key actions" and highlighted the types of fund tasks, justified the need to change the form and content of evaluation tools used in the preparation and conduct of the final state exam

A method development for improving the stability of vegetable polyphenol complexes for semi-finished minced meat products with antioxidant effect

Polyphenolic vegetable complexes are active antioxidants and play an important role in the processes of free radicals quenching in the human body. The aim of the work was to develop an immobilization method as a way for improving the stability of polyphenols in dried cowberry squeezing extract (DCSE) and to develop semi-finished minced meat products with antioxidant effect without changing their nutritional value. Experiments were carried out to study the nutritional value of DCSE. The presence of a large number of polyphenolic compounds in DCSE and a high radical-binding ability of the extract were revealed. Based on the mathematical planning method, an offal paste composition was obtained, which was used to obtain pellets, and the formulation of semi-finished minced meat products with pellets was optimized. It was established that preliminary immobilization of DCSE on offal pellets components allows to increase the level of total antioxidant content in the minced meat. Subsequent heat treatment of semi-finished minced meat products produced from such minced meat showed an increase in stability and, thus, bioavailability of antioxidants and the possibility of obtaining a finished product with antioxidant effect. The antioxidant effect of cowberry squeezing extract in the meat system is proved: accumulation of lipid oxidative decomposition products in the meat system during storage of frozen semi-finished minced meat products was inhibited to a greater extent when using offal pellets with immobilized compounds of cowberry squeezing extract. This work was carried out as part of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 19.5486.2017/BCh and the «Young Scientists of ESSTU‑2019» grant

Inhibitory Effects of Ethanol in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampus In Vivo

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain has been suggested to involve suppression of neuronal activity. However, ethanol acts as a potent stimulant of neuronal activity by increasing the frequency of depolarizing GABA dependent giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Here, we show that ethanol strongly inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner (1–6 g/kg), sharp waves and multiple unit activity in the hippocampus of neonatal (postnatal days P4–6) rats in vivo. Thus, the effects of ethanol on the developing hippocampal network activity cardinally differ in vitro (stimulation) and in vivo (inhibition)

Information Support for Health Saving of Adults

This article deals with the formation of cognitive interest in leading a healthy lifestyle through information portals of the Internet environment. In addition, the results of research related to the inclusion of adults in the health environment are presented. The purpose of the article is to define the content of the information portal, which would meet the needs and requirements of adult users. The work used methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature and information environment on health improvement, methods of mathematical statistics. Publications in periodicals, methodological materials, monographs and information portals related to healthy lifestyle were used as sources of information. The article presents the results of a survey of adults, which made it possible to define the criteria and content of the information portal on healthy lifestyle. Based on the needs of users, the requirements that should be considered when designing such information portals were identified. The results will be useful for specialists developing information content portals aimed at supporting healthy lifestyle, as well as adults who are subjects of self-development, to lead a healthy life with the support of the information environment. Identified relevant content will be the basis for expanding the idea of what the information space related to healthy lifestyle should look like, as well as help self-development actors to design an individual set of health-forming practices

Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Early Physical Development and Neurobehavioral Maturation of Rat Offspring

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.During pregnancy, several complications have been associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been shown to play a role in the etiology of preeclampsia, placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, and neural tube defects and associated with the neurological consequences. In the present work, we investigated the effects of chronic maternal HHcy on the development and neurobehavioral maturation of the offspring. We analyzed classical parameters of development such as body weight, eyelid opening, ear unfolding, incisor eruption, and the appearance of hair, and subjected the pups to various tests that reflected the neurobehavioral maturation extending from 4th to 20th postnatal days (righting reflex, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, head shake, acoustic startle reflex, free-fall righting, cliff avoidance caused by visual stimulus, olfactory discrimination). We have shown that newborn animals were characterized by lower body weight and higher mortality. Besides, the delay in neurobehavioral maturation of the pups from the Hcy group was observed. The obtained results indicate that early developmental impairments of brain maturation induced by prenatal HHcy may underlie long-term deficits in the learning and memory behaviors

Induced resistance to the greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. in species of the genus Triticum

The greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. causes a significant loss of the grain harvest. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical tasks. The problem of creating varieties resistant to phloem-feeding insects is quite urgent, since the mechanisms procuring the resistance of plants to insects are not fully understood. Nevertheless, modern literature describes some mechanisms associated with changes in the redox state of colonized plants. Besides, attention is being increasingly focused on the study of mechanisms that underlie inducible resistance to aphids in wheat and are regulated by hormonal signaling systems. To detect connections among the redox status, indicators of resistance (antibiosis and endurance) of wheat plants to the pest, and induction of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways, we studied accessions of three species of wheat plants – Triticum aestivum L., T. monococcum., and T. timopheevii Zhuk.– infested with S. graminum greenbugs by physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Analysis of antibiosis and endurance showed that T. timopheevii k-58666 and T. monococcum k-39471 were resistant to S. graminum, the latter accession being the most enduring. High hydrogen peroxide contents and high peroxidase activities were detected in the resistant plants. We investigated the expression of genes encoding PR proteins, including markers and regulators of the salicylate (TaRboh, TaPAL, Tapr1, TaPrx) and jasmonate (TaPI, TaLOX, TaPrx) signaling pathways. At the early stage of infestation in the susceptible T. aestivum variety Salavat Yulaev, the expression of only jasmonate-dependent genes was activated in response to plant damage. In the resistant T. timopheevii accession k-58666, expression of only salicylate-dependent genes was activated, while the aphid reproduction was practically absent. In the resistant T. monococcum accession k-39471, expression was activated in both the salicylate-dependent and jasmonate-dependent gene groups. We assume that the oxidative burst in the resistant forms of wheat was induced via the activation of the SA signaling pathway, which was of crucial importance in the further cascade of chemical reactions leading to the development of resistance