26,947 research outputs found
Global tectonic studies: Hotspots and anomalous topography
Volcanic activity on Earth and its secular variations are compared with that on other terrestrial planets. Activity at divergent, transform, and convergent plate margins is described with particular emphasis on hot spots and flood basalts. The timing and causing of uplifting above 500 meters, which in not associated with either plate boundaries or the normal nonplate margin edges of continents is considered with particular focus on the Guyana Highlands in southern Venezuela and western British Guiana, and the Brazilian Highlands in the central, eastern, and southern parts of the country. The mode and mechanism of plateau uplifting and the re-elevation of old mountain belts and subsidence of intra-continental basins are also discussed
Zero-bias molecular electronics: Exchange-correlation corrections to Landauer's formula
Standard first principles calculations of transport through single molecules
miss exchange-correlation corrections to the Landauer formula. From Kubo
response theory, both the Landauer formula and these corrections in the limit
of zero bias are derived and calculations are presented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid
Communication
The ultrafilter number for singular cardinals
We prove the consistency of a singular cardinal with small value of
the ultrafilter number , and arbitrarily large value of .Comment: 8 page
Initial Scientific Results from Phase-Referenced Astrometry of Sub-Arcsecond Binaries
The Palomar Testbed Interferometer has observed several binary star systems
whose separations fall between the interferometric coherence length (a few
hundredths of an arcsecond) and the typical atmospheric seeing limit of one
arcsecond. Using phase-referencing techniques we measure the relative
separations of the systems to precisions of a few tens of micro-arcseconds. We
present the first scientific results of these observations, including the
astrometric detection of the faint third stellar component of the kappa Pegasi
system.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. To appear in SPIE conference proceedings volume
5491, "New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometery
Confinement effects in a guided-wave interferometer with millimeter-scale arm separation
Guided-wave atom interferometers measure interference effects using atoms
held in a confining potential. In one common implementation, the confinement is
primarily two-dimensional, and the atoms move along the nearly free dimension
under the influence of an off-resonant standing wave laser beam. In this
configuration, residual confinement along the nominally free axis can introduce
a phase gradient to the atoms that limits the arm separation of the
interferometer. We experimentally investigate this effect in detail, and show
that it can be alleviated by having the atoms undergo a more symmetric motion
in the guide. This can be achieved by either using additional laser pulses or
by allowing the atoms to freely oscillate in the potential. Using these
techniques, we demonstrate interferometer measurement times up to 72 ms and arm
separations up to 0.42 mm with a well controlled phase, or times of 0.91 s and
separations of 1.7 mm with an uncontrolled phase.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
A Search for Distant Galactic Cepheids Toward l=60
We present results of a survey of a 6-square-degree region near l=60, b=0 to
search for distant Milky Way Cepheids. Few MW Cepheids are known at distances
>~ R_0, limiting large-scale MW disk models derived from Cepheid kinematics;
this work was designed to find a sample of distant Cepheids for use in such
models. The survey was conducted in the V and I bands over 8 epochs, to a
limiting I~=18, with a total of ~ 5 million photometric observations of ~ 1
million stars. We present a catalog of 578 high-amplitude variables discovered
in this field. Cepheid candidates were selected from this catalog on the basis
of variability and color change, and observed again the following season. We
confirm 10 of these candidates as Cepheids with periods from 4 to 8 days, most
at distances > 3 kpc. Many of the Cepheids are heavily reddened by intervening
dust, some with implied extinction A_V > 10 mag. With a future addition of
infrared photometry and radial velocities, these stars alone can provide a
constraint on R_0 to 8%, and in conjunction with other known Cepheids should
provide good estimates of the global disk potential ellipticity.Comment: 18 pages, 4 tables, 13 figures (LaTeX / AASTeX
Self-interaction errors in density functional calculations of electronic transport
All density functional calculations of single-molecule transport to date have
used continuous exchange-correlation approximations. The lack of derivative
discontinuity in such calculations leads to the erroneous prediction of
metallic transport for insulating molecules. A simple and computationally
undemanding atomic self-interaction correction greatly improves the agreement
with experiment for the prototype Au/dithiolated-benzene/Au junction.Comment: 4 pages. Also available at http://www.smeagol.tcd.i
Processing 'Large' Data Sets From 100% Bottom Coverage 'Shallow' Water Sweep Surveys A New Challenge for the Canadian Hydrographic Service
Fiber-coupled Antennas for Ultrafast Coherent Terahertz Spectroscopy in Low Temperatures and High Magnetic Fields
For the purposes of measuring the high-frequency complex conductivity of
correlated-electron materials at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, a
method is introduced for performing coherent time-domain terahertz spectroscopy
directly in the cryogenic bore of existing dc and pulsed magnets. Miniature
fiber-coupled THz emitters and receivers are constructed and are demonstrated
to work down to 1.5 Kelvin and up to 17 Tesla, for eventual use in higher-field
magnets. Maintaining the sub-micron alignment between fiber and antenna during
thermal cycling, obtaining ultrafast (~fs) optical gating pulses at the
end of long optical fibers, and designing highly efficient devices that work
well with low-power optical gating pulses constitute the major technical
challenges of this project. Data on a YBCO superconducting thin film and a high
mobility 2D electron gas is shown.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
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