Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery in a Three Chambered Microbial Electrolysis Cell: Towards Obtaining Struvite from Livestock Manure

Ammonia and phosphate, which are present in large quantities in waste streams such as livestock manure, are key compounds in fertilization activities. Their recovery will help close natural cycles and take a step forward in the framework of a circular economy. In this work, a lab-scale three-chambered microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been operated in continuous mode for the recovery of ammonia and phosphate from digested pig slurry in order to obtain a nutrient concentrated solution as a potential source of fertilizer (struvite). The maximum average removal efficiencies for ammonium and phosphate were 20% ± 4% and 36% ± 10%, respectively. The pH of the recovered solution was below 7, avoiding salt precipitation in the reactor. According to Visual MINTEQ software modelling, an increase of pH value to 8 outside the reactor would be enough to recover most of the potential struvite (0.21 mmol L−1 d−1), while the addition of up to 0.2 mM of magnesium to the nutrient recovered solution would enhance struvite production from 5.6 to 17.7 mM. The application of three-chambered MECs to the recovery of nutrients from high strength wastewater is a promising technology to avoid ammonia production through industrial processes or phosphate mineral extraction and close nutrient natural cycles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

“Influencia del marketing relacional en la fuerza de ventas de la empresa Industrias el Cisne en la cadena Plaza Vea, Lima, 2016”

Se elaboró la investigación denominada “Influencia del Marketing Relacional en la Fuerza de Ventas de la Empresa Industrias El Cisne en la Cadena Plaza Vea, Lima, 2016” cuyo objetivo de estudio es determinar la influencia del Marketing Relacional en la Fuerza de Ventas en la empresa Industrias El Cisne, se realizó con una población de 100 personas que es el total de trabajadores en la Cadena Plaza Vea, considerando un margen de error de 5% y un 95% respecto al nivel de confiabilidad. Se recogieron los datos a través de la técnica de la encuesta usando al cuestionario como instrumento, constituido por 20 preguntas en la escala de Likert. Se utilizó el juicio de expertos para la validación de dicho instrumento, calculando la Fiabilidad del mismo mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Una vez recogido los datos se utilizó el software SPSS V. 22 para procesar los mismos. Obteniendo como resultado que el Marketing Relacional tiene una considerable influencia en la Fuerza de Ventas de la empresa Industrias El Cisn

Solar Panels for Scientific Missions Using CubeSat Platforms for LEO, MEO and GTO

DHV Technology is a company specialized on the designing, manufacturing and testing of solar panels for CubeSats and Small Satellites. In this presentation is discussed about solar panels of CubeSat missions developed for Scientific missions with Space Agencies involved as CNES, ESA and NASA Goddard. DHV Technology have developed the solar panels for Angels mission developed by HEMERIA and CNES based on a 12U platform, the solar panels for GTOSat mission developed by NASA Goddard based on a 3U CubeSat and the solar panels of TRISAT-R mission developed by Maribor University and funded by ESA using a 3U CubeSat. Angels mission is a LEO mission for Earth Observation with a payload developed by Syrlinksand Thales Alenia Space to analyze the state of the oceans, GTOSat mission is a GTO mission to acquire new data about high energy particles and TRISAT-R mission is a MEO mission for in-orbit demonstration. The requirements on solar panels for LEO, MEO and GTO missions will be analyzed in this presentation and other subjects as qualification process and the quality assurance will be discussed. There are some key points that are analyzed in this presentation as the features of the solar panels for high radiation environment, the resistance torque analysis and the harness design, the electrical losses analysis and the ATOX degradation analysis

Impacto en la integridad de datos utilizando el Modelo de Datos de Relación Funcional propuesto sobre la ontología de un modelo de negocio para automatizar un diseño de base de datos

Los resultados de esta investigación permitieron definir, en base al Modelo de Datos de Relación Funcional propuesto, un proceso algorítmico que consolide un esfuerzo para construir un proceso automático que obtenga Dependencias de Relación Funcional al aplicar Restricciones Lógicas (las que están relacionadas con el concepto matemático de Relación Funcional) sobre Estructuras Lógicas de Datos, para lograr el diseño correcto de una base de datos y verificar que se cumpla con la Integridad de Datos. El objetivo de esta investigación es dar solución al problema que ocurre en cualquier organización de cualquier parte del mundo al diseñar bases de datos de tipo relacional. Por lo tanto, lo relevante en la investigación es verificar que el modelo propuesto funcione aplicándolo sobre el modelo de negocio de una empresa. Posteriormente se creó un algoritmo que pueda automatizar la ejecución del modelo, de manera tal que, aunque el modelo sea exitoso, no sea haga de forma manual, y por lo tanto el diseño no tome demasiado tiempo. Finalmente, esta investigación concluye que se puede determinar que la ejecución del Modelo de Datos de Relación Funcional sobre un Modelo de Negocio permite conservar la Integridad de Datos de la información organizacional, logrando la automatización de un Diseño de Base de Datos a partir de Estructuras Lógicas de Datos.The results of this research allowed defining, based on the proposed Functional Relationship Data Model, an algorithmic process that consolidates an effort to build an automatic process that obtains Functional Relationship Dependencies by applying Logical Constraints (those that are related to the mathematical concept Functional Relationship) on Logical Data Structures, to achieve the correct design of a database and verify that it complies with Data Integrity. The objective of this research is to solve the problem that occurs in any organization anywhere in the world when designing relational databases. Therefore, what is relevant in the research is to verify that the proposed model works by applying it to the business model of a company. Subsequently, an algorithm was created that can automate the execution of the model, in such a way that, although the model is successful, it is not done manually, and therefore the design does not take too long. Finally, this research concludes that it can be determined that the execution of the Functional Relationship Data Model on a Business Model allows to preserve the Data Integrity of the organizational information, achieving the automation of a Database Design from Logical Structures of data

Propuesta de mejora en la calidad de suministro eléctrico, mediante TPM en el distrito de Usquil, Otuzco, La Libertad

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general proponer mejoras a la calidad de suministro eléctrico, mediante TMP en el distrito de Usquil, Otuzco, La Libertad. El tipo de diseño de investigación fue no-experimental y de nivel explicativo. En cuanto a la muestra de estudio, se tomó el equipo de protección del alimentador en media tensión del sistema eléctrico del distrito de Usquil. Se usaron como técnicas el análisis documental y la observación. La metodología utilizada correspondió al Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM). Entre los resultados que se lograron en esta investigación tenemos que las mejoras realizadas permite reducir los indicadores de calidad de suministro del SAIDI en 2.05 (pasó de 3.06 a 1.01) y el SAIFI se redujo en 0.39 (pasó de 0.68 a 0.29). Luego de realizar la evaluación de los resultados, se concluye que la propuesta de mejora, mediante TPM, aumenta la calidad de suministro eléctrico en el distrito de Usquil

Hydrophobic membranes for ammonia recovery from digestates in microbial electrolysis cells: Assessment of different configurations

The combination of hydrophobic membranes and microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) was assessed in two different configurations in order to recover ammonia from anaerobically digested pig slurry. Politetrafluorethilene (PTFE) hydrophobic membranes were inserted both in an H-type three-chamber cell (MEC-H) and a two-chamber sandwich configuration MEC (MEC-S), both fitted with a cationic exchange membrane (CEM) dividing the anode and cathode compartments. The use of electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to monitor the increase of the biofilm on the anode, related to the decrease of the charge transfer resistence.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (INIA project RTA2015-00079-C02-01). The support of the CERCA Program and of the Consolidated Research Group TERRA (ref. 2017 SGR 1290), both from the Generalitat de Catalunya, is also acknowledgedPostprint (updated version

Participación, vida democrática y sentido de pertenencia según tipo de establecimiento educativo en Chile

This article analyzes, through official databases of the Chilean Ministry of Education, Citizen Participation and Training as a criterion of educational quality, comparing indices and statistics according to the establishment to which the 8th grade students in Chile attend. The findings account for statistically significant differences in the dimensions of Democratic Living, Sense of Belonging and Participation. Although Participation and Citizenship Training are one of the fundamental objectives of the school, their manifestation does not escape the dynamics of social reproduction installed in the educational system. It is worrying that the strengthening of democracy and civic behaviour of students is limited to the type of school they attend.Este artículo analiza, a través de bases de datos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación de Chile,  la Participación y Formación Ciudadana como criterio de calidad educativa, comparando índices y estadísticas según establecimiento al que concurren los estudiantes  de  8°  básico  en  Chile.  Los  hallazgos  dan  cuenta  de  diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de Vida Democrática, Sentido de Pertenencia y Participación. Si bien Participación y Formación Ciudadana constituyen uno de los objetivos fundamentales de la escuela, su manifestación no escapa a la dinámica de reproducción social instalada en el sistema educativo. Resulta preocupante que el fortalecimiento de la democracia y del comportamiento cívico de los estudiantes esté circunscrito al tipo de establecimiento que asisten

Different approaches to assess the environmental performance of a cow manure biogas plant

In intensive livestock production areas, farmers must apply manure management systems to comply with governmental regulations. Biogas plants, as a source of renewable energy, have the potential to reduce environmental impacts comparing with other manure management practices. Nevertheless, manure processing at biogas plants also incurs in non-desired gas emissions that should be considered. At present, available emission calculation methods cover partially emissions produced at a biogas plant, with the subsequent difficulty in the preparation of life cycle inventories. The objective of this study is to characterise gaseous emissions: ammonia (NH3-N), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2Oindirect, and N2Odirect) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from the anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure by using different approaches for preparing gaseous emission inventories, and to compare the different methodologies used. The chosen scenario for the study is a biogas plant located next to a dairy farm in the North of Catalonia, Spain. Emissions were calculated by two methods: field measurements and estimation, following international guidelines. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines were adapted to estimate emissions for the specific situation according to Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 approaches. Total air emissions at the biogas plant were calculated from the emissions produced at the three main manure storage facilities on the plant: influent storage, liquid fraction storage, and the solid fraction storage of the digestate. Results showed that most of the emissions were produced in the liquid fraction storage. Comparing measured emissions with estimated emissions, NH3, CH4, N2Oindirect and H2S total emission results were in the same order of magnitude for both methodologies, while, N2Odirect total measured emissions were one order of magnitude higher than the estimates. A Monte Carlo analysis was carried out to examine the uncertainties of emissions determined from experimental data, providing probability distribution functions. Four emission inventories were developed with the different methodologies used. Estimation methods proved to be a useful tool to determine emissions when field sampling is not possible. Nevertheless, it was not possible to establish which methodology is more reliable. Therefore, more measurements at different biogas plants should be evaluated to validate the methodologies more precisely.Postprint (author's final draft

Effect of Prenatal Protein Malnutrition on Long-Term Potentiation and BDNF Protein Expression in the Rat Entorhinal Cortex after Neocortical and Hippocampal Tetanization

Reduction of the protein content from 25 to 8% casein in the diet of pregnant rats results in impaired neocortical long-term potentiation (LTP) of the offspring together with lower visuospatial memory performance. The present study was aimed to investigate whether this type of maternal malnutrition could result in modification of plastic capabilities of the entorhinal cortex (EC) in the adult progeny. Unlike normal eutrophic controls, 55–60-day-old prenatally malnourished rats were unable to develop LTP in the medial EC to tetanizing stimulation delivered to either the ipsilateral occipital cortex or the CA1 hippocampal region. Tetanizing stimulation of CA1 also failed to increase the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the EC of malnourished rats. Impaired capacity of the EC of prenatally malnourished rats to develop LTP and to increase BDNF levels during adulthood may be an important factor contributing to deficits in learning performance having adult prenatally malnourished animals

Oportunidades de exportacion de bienes de produccion chilena hacia el mercado polaco

146 p.La finalidad que motiva el estudio es proveer de información sobre mercado Polaco, además de las potenciales oportunidades de negocio para los interesados en emprender actividades de exportación de bienes, de producción chilena a dicho territorio. La teoría en metodología de investigación plantea que para que un estudio sea de utilidad para los fines deseados es importante recopilar información relevante para los objetivos, es decir, en el momento pertinente y de calidad. Hablamos de calidad cuando obtenemos información objetiva, clara y abundante para la toma de decisiones y para la solución del problema que origina el estudio. De esta forma el presente trabajo, busca entregar información sobre la estructura importadora de Polonia y las posibilidades de los productos chilenos para ingresar a competir en este mercado. Este material contribuirá a la orientación y toma de decisiones de los posibles exportadores de productos chilenos hacia Polonia y como base para estudios posteriores relacionados con el tem