Determination of rate parameters of complex reactions by polymath

Özdemir, Burcu (Dogus Author)Generally, consecutive and/or parallel reactions pose a great deal of difficulty in determining meaningful reaction rate parameters. One way to determine such parameters is to separate the whole reaction network into different regions and to study each region independently through initial rates. This method is not only tedious, but also a waste of money and time. The other method is to use the fact that, if the reaction rates are known at any "t" time then an optimization technique in MATLAB, MATHCAD, LINDO or POLYMATH ready package programs can be used to determine rate parameters. In this study, the POLYMATH program is chosen for a highly complex rate expression for the reaction of, with Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic expression, Rate parameters k, K CO, K H2 and K CH3OH were determined

Model discrimination in chemical kinetics

Özdemir, Burcu (Dogus Author)In studies on chemical kinetics, generally after the rate data have been taken, a mechanism and an associated rate law model are proposed based on the data taken. Frequently, more than one mechanism and rate law may be consistent with data. In order to find the correct rate law, regression techniques (model discrimination) are applied to indentify which model equation best fits the data by choosing the one with the smaller sum of squares. With this non-linear regression technique, rate parameters with 95% confidence limits are calculated along with residues. Of course, model parameters must be realistic. For example, reaction rate constants, activation energies or adsorption equilibrium constants must be positive by comparing the calculated value of parameters with 95% confidence limits, one can judge about the validity of the model. In this paper, model discrimination will be applied to certain data from the literature along with the suggested heterogeneous catalytic models such as Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetic Model or Rideal-Eley Model. A reaction of A + B → C + D type have been selected (like methanation) with the rate laws given below:, reaction rate data were tested for five different models to find the most suitable rate expression by model discrimination method taking the advantage of powerful POLYMATH package program

Macro Implications of Households’ Reinvestment Behaviour in Existing Housing Stock

Reinvestments refer to repairs and maintenance activities, as well as rehabilitation investments undertaken with the purposes of improving existing housing assets and standard of life (1). Reinvestment behaviour of household (Rh) in housing has been investigated for more than four decades in the literature. Macro implications of individual behaviour however, remain largely neglected. Hhs' reinvestment behaviour and expenditures could have impacts in the depreciation of the housing stock, quality of housing and neighbourhood services, residential adjustment options, housing supply, etc. In Turkey, although substantial capital is engaged in reinvestments in the existing housing stock, no tool or mechanism exists associated with the monitoring of reinvestments. Yet, Hhs' reinvestment decisions and expenditures are likely to play a crucial role in trajectory of Turkish housing stock, neighbourhoods, and in overall economy. Furthermore, in the current phase of urbanization in Turkey there are numerous reasons that necessitate purposeful design and implementation of reinvestment policies. Understanding Rh reinvestment behaviour and identifying its macro implications would contribute to the monitoring of the economic system, as well as to urban decision-makers and planners in designing finer policies and tools of intervention to tackle problems of the existing housing stock and neighbourhood environments

The evaluation of parents’ views related to helping pre-school children gain some universal values

AbstractUniversal values continue their existence along individual's education lives beginning from pre-school period. A qualified pre-school curriculum shapes pre-school children's character, helps them improve their social and emotional skills, and gain them some social values as well as some other academic skills. This study aims to examine parents’ views related to helping pre-school children aged between 5 and 6 years gain some universal values. The sampling of the study consists of the parents of 80 pre-school children. “Universal Values Teaching Family Form”, which was developed by the researchers was used as the instrument for data collection in the study. The results obtained with this study suggest that parents believe that teaching of universal values should start at preschool stage, and some of the universal values which are considered to have priority in teaching were suggested as; honesty, responsibility and respect

The Trotsky Opposition and Its Reflections on the Komsomol

Leon Trotsky was one of the most important figures of the Russian Revolution and he was the strongest candidate to replace Lenin. The power struggle that began during Lenin's illness grew more violent and resulted in the defeat of the Trotsky opposition. As Trotsky said in a speech, his biggest supporters were in the Bolshevik Party, the Red Army and the Komsomol organization. After giving brief information about the Trotsky opposition, the study will discuss how this conflict influenced the Komsomol organization. By means of examples from the archive documents, this study will also seek to provide answers to the following questions: what sort of activities were undertaken by the Komsomolets who supported the Trotsky opposition, why were they prosecuted and how were they punished

Double-application of platelet-rich plasma on bone healing in rabbits

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is considered to enhance bone formation especially at early stages of wound healing, depending on the limited and short life-span of platelets and growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of double-application of PRP (DA-PRP) on bone healing in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Study design: Twenty-eight rabbits, each had two surgically prepared calvarial bone defects (10mm diameter), were included in this study and randomly divided into six groups. Defects (n=56) were treated with single-application of PRP (SA-PRP)(n=10), SA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (SA-PRP+TCP)(n=10), DA-PRP (n=8), DA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (DA-PRP+TCP)(n=8), beta-tricalciumphosphate (TCP)(n=10) or left empty (Control)(n=10). Animals were sacrificed at 30 days postoperatively. Results: The new bone (NB%) and defect fill (DF%) percentages were calculated from histological slides by image-analyzer software and statistically analysed. All test groups showed higher NB% than control, but differences among all groups were insignificant. The TCP treated groups had significantly higher DF% than groups treated without TCP, however the DF% differences between control, SA-PRP and DA-PRP or TCP, SA-PRP+TCP or DA-PRP+TCP were insignificant. Conclusion: Although new bone formation was histomorphologically remarkable at double-application PRP groups, statistical analyses of the histomorphometric data revealed no significant difference. © Medicina Oral S. L

The Effect of Strong Start Social Emotional Learning Program on social and emotional development of five-year-old childrenGüçlü Başlangıç Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Programı’nın 5 yaş çocuklarının duygusal gelişimleri üzerine etkisi

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Strong Start Social Emotional Learning Program on emotional development of the five-year-old children attending at preschool institutions. The study is conducted with pre-test and post-test control grouped experimental design. The study group consists of 40 five-year-old children attending at the two pre-school groups. Half of participants are attained to one control group and to one experimental group. Strong Start Social Emotional learning program is taught to children in experimental group once a week for 12 weeks in addition to their curriculum. Children in the control group continue to study their preschool education program. In the study, Personal Information Form, the Scale of Assessment of Children’s Emotion Skills (ACES) were employed as data gathering instruments. In statistical data analysis, Mann Whitney U-Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Friedman Test are used.The results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the experiment and control group regarding their scores on emotional skills. Depending on the results obtained, it is concluded that Strong Start Social Emotional Learning Program has a positive effect on the emotional development of five-year-old children. ÖzetBu araştırmada, Güçlü Başlangıç Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Programı’nın okul öncesi eğitime devam eden beş yaş çocuklarının duygusal gelişimleri üzerine etkililiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desende gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu beş yaş grubundaki 20 deney grubu, 20 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 40 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Deney grubundaki çocuklara okul öncesi eğitim programlarına ek olarak oniki hafta süreyle haftada bir kez Güçlü Başlangıç Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki çocuklar ise okullarında uygulanan okul öncesi eğitim programına devam etmişlerdir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak  “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Çocukların Duygusal Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi Testi” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Mann Whitney U-Testi, Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ve Friedman Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubundaki çocukların duygusal beceri puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Güçlü Başlangıç Sosyal Duygusal Öğrenme Programı’nın beş yaş çocuklarının duygusal gelişimleri üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with High-flow Oxygen and Non-invasive Ventilation Outside the Intensive Care Unit

Objective:Comparing high-flow oxygen (HFO) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment methods applied to patients hospitalized in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) service outside the intensive care unit.Materials and Methods:Demographic characteristics, duration of hospitalization and application times, acute phase reactants, ROX index, comorbid conditions, radiological scores and results were evaluated retrospectively in patients treated with HFO (n=26) and NIV (n=23) who were hospitalized in the COVID service outside the intensive care unit of the state hospital between November 2020 and June 2021.Results:A total of 49 patients, 27 males and 22 females, were included in the study. The mean age was 55.6±14.6 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (n=27), diabetes (n=15). Patients in the HFO group were hospitalized for 16.6±9.4 days, HFO was applied for 6±4.6 days. Patients in the NIV group were hospitalized for 9.4±6.4 days, NIV was applied for 5.8±4.2 days. The saturation of the patients who were administered HFO (84.1±4.6) were found to be lower than those who received NIV (88.7±2). It was determined that 18.37% of 49 patients e.g. 5 of whom were treated with HFO and 4 of them were those who received NIV treatment. The ROX index was found to be significantly lower in the death group (n=9) compared to the survivors (n=40). In radiological imaging, there was no significant difference in the severity of pneumonia in patients treated with HFO and NIV. Lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein from acute phase reactants at the time of hospitalization were significantly higher in the group who ex.Conclusion:It was determined that HFO or NIV was not different in terms of mortality in thr non-intensive care COVID service

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMANIN KAVRAMSAL TEMELLERİ

Bu çalışmada, dünyanın geleceğini korumak amacıyla, kalkınmada sürdürülebilirlik kavramı, genel bir çerçeve içerisinde ele alınmıştır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma,, tarihsel süreci içerisinde incelenmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ve etkinliklere değinilmiştir. Çalışma ile hedeflenen, kavramın ekonomi ve çevre politikaları için yol gösterici niteliğini vurgulamaktır. Bu anlamda, “çevreye rağmen kalkınma” anlayışından çok “çevre ile birlikte kalkınma” anlayışı içerisinde literatüre katkı sağlamak hedeflenmişti

“WE ARE ALL THE SAME IN NATURE” TÜBİTAK 4008 PROJECT EVALUATION

Target audience; Our study, which included 10 special education teachers and 10 students with mild mental disabilities, was conducted in out-of-school learning environments with activities based on nature experience. Teachers selected from different provinces and students selected from different schools constituted the participants. Our project, supported by Tübitak as project number 222B080, was completed between 12-16 June 2023, under the Nizip District Directorate of National Education. Purpose of the study; to assimilate activities based on nature experience with an interdisciplinary approach in out-of-school learning environments. The study consists of 16 activities in the disciplines of Astronomy, Science, English, Math, Music, Robotics, Art, Sports, History, Turkish Language and Creative Drama. Project implementation was completed in 5 days. The method of the study was chosen as a pretest-post experimental design. Qualitative measurement tools were used in the project. Pre and post-test results were compared and interpreted. After the project, there was an increase in the environmental awareness of the participants