Ideas del alumnado de primaria y secundaria sobre aleatoriedad

En este trabajo comparamos las características de las secuencias de resultados aleatorios y distribuciones aleatorias de puntos generadas por tres grupos de alumnos de Educación Primaria y Secundaria con las propiedades matemáticas de las mismas. La finalidad es describir el significado personal que dichos estudiantes asignan a la aleatoriedad.In this paper we compare the features in random sequences and random distribution of points produced by three groups of students in Primary and Secondary Education with the mathematical properties of the same. The aim is to describe the meaning of randomness for these students.Facultad de Educación y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada)Este trabajo es parte de los proyectos SEJ2004-00789, Madrid, MCYT y FQM-126, Junta de Andalucí

"Delirium Day": A nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool

Background: To date, delirium prevalence in adult acute hospital populations has been estimated generally from pooled findings of single-center studies and/or among specific patient populations. Furthermore, the number of participants in these studies has not exceeded a few hundred. To overcome these limitations, we have determined, in a multicenter study, the prevalence of delirium over a single day among a large population of patients admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards in Italy. Methods: This is a point prevalence study (called "Delirium Day") including 1867 older patients (aged 65 years or more) across 108 acute and 12 rehabilitation wards in Italian hospitals. Delirium was assessed on the same day in all patients using the 4AT, a validated and briefly administered tool which does not require training. We also collected data regarding motoric subtypes of delirium, functional and nutritional status, dementia, comorbidity, medications, feeding tubes, peripheral venous and urinary catheters, and physical restraints. Results: The mean sample age was 82.0 \ub1 7.5 years (58 % female). Overall, 429 patients (22.9 %) had delirium. Hypoactive was the commonest subtype (132/344 patients, 38.5 %), followed by mixed, hyperactive, and nonmotoric delirium. The prevalence was highest in Neurology (28.5 %) and Geriatrics (24.7 %), lowest in Rehabilitation (14.0 %), and intermediate in Orthopedic (20.6 %) and Internal Medicine wards (21.4 %). In a multivariable logistic regression, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.05), Activities of Daily Living dependence (OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.12-1.27), dementia (OR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.41-4.38), malnutrition (OR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), and use of antipsychotics (OR 2.03, 95 % CI 1.45-2.82), feeding tubes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI 1.11-5.66), peripheral venous catheters (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.06-1.87), urinary catheters (OR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.30-2.29), and physical restraints (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.40-2.40) were associated with delirium. Admission to Neurology wards was also associated with delirium (OR 2.00, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), while admission to other settings was not. Conclusions: Delirium occurred in more than one out of five patients in acute and rehabilitation hospital wards. Prevalence was highest in Neurology and lowest in Rehabilitation divisions. The "Delirium Day" project might become a useful method to assess delirium across hospital settings and a benchmarking platform for future surveys

OSSINT - Open Source Social Network Intelligence: An efficient and effective way to uncover “private” information in OSN profiles

Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Facebook, provide users with tools to share information along with a set of privacy controls preferences to regulate the spread of information. Current privacy controls are efficient to protect content data. However, the complexity of tuning them undermine their efficiency when shielding contextual information (such as the social network structure) that many users believe being kept private. In this paper, we demonstrate the extent of the problem of information leakage in Facebook. In particular, we show the possibility of inferring, from the network “surrounding” a victim user, some information that the victim set as hidden. We developed a system, named OSSINT (Open Source Social Network INTelligence), on top of our previous tool SocialSpy, that can infer hidden information of a victim profile and retrieve private information from public one. OSSINT retrieves the friendship network of a victim and shows how it is possible to infer additional private information (e.g., personal user preferences and hobbies). Our proposed system OSSINT goes extra mile about the network topology information, i.e., predicting new friendships using the victim's friends of friends network (2-hop of distance from the victim profile), and hence possibly deduce private information of the full Facebook network. OSSINT correctly improved the previous results of SocialSpy predicting an average of 11 new friendships with peaks of 20 new friends. Moreover, OSSINT, for the considered victim profiles demonstrated how it is possible to infer real-life information such as current city, hometown, university, supposed being private

A screening programme for gestational diabetes in a north mediterranean area.

IF=0,66

Exercise-induced microalbuminuria in patients with active acromegaly: acute effects of slow-release lanreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog

Recent clinical studies have demonstrated an increase of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) at rest in acromegalic patients and, on the other hand, a reduced UAE in patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Physical exercise is known to induce abnormal UAE in patients with diabetes, probably unmasking early glomerular alterations. The effect of exercise on UAE in acromegaly is not known. Moreover, the effect of acute but sustained GH inhibition in acromegaly on UAE at rest and after exercise has never been studied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute short-term effects of slow-release lanreotide (SR-L), a long-acting somatostatin analog, on UAE and α1-microglobulinuria (A-1-M), a marker of renal tubular damage, at rest and after exercise in 7 normotensive patients with active acromegaly and normal renal function (4 males and 3 females; mean age, 53 ± 3.1 years; body mass index [BMI], 27.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2) at baseline and 7 and 14 days after SR-L injection (30 mg). Two of the acromegalic patients were microalbuminuric at rest, and in other 3 cases, UAE was in the borderline range (10 to 20 μg/min). At baseline in the acromegalic subjects, we found a significant increase in UAE at rest with respect to 7 normal subjects considered as a control group. GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were also reduced compared with baseline 7 and 14 days after SR-L injection (GH, 13.4 ± 7.3 and 13.61 ± 7 v 18.5 ± 9.3 μg/L, P < .05; IGF-1, 230 ± 53 and 255 ± 54 v 275 ± 64 μg/L). Concomitantly, we observed a significant decrease of UAE at rest and after exercise and 7 and 14 days after SR-L injection as compared with baseline values (27.3 ± 20.5 and 18.2 ± 13.7 v 35.3 ± 12.8 μg/min, P < .05; exercise, 48.5 ± 24.1 and 18.6 ± 6.8 v 68.3 ± 39.7 μg/min, P < .05). A-1-M always remained in the normal range (<12 mg/L) both at rest and after exercise. We can thus conclude that in acromegaly, submaximal exercise induces abnormal increases in microalbuminuria. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be due to the functional glomeruler involvement. SR-L can significantly reduce UAE at rest and after exercise in the short-term in acromegaly, probably via a decrease in circulating GH levels. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company