46 research outputs found
Can You Explain That? Lucid Explanations Help Human-AI Collaborative Image Retrieval
While there have been many proposals on making AI algorithms explainable, few
have attempted to evaluate the impact of AI-generated explanations on human
performance in conducting human-AI collaborative tasks. To bridge the gap, we
propose a Twenty-Questions style collaborative image retrieval game,
Explanation-assisted Guess Which (ExAG), as a method of evaluating the efficacy
of explanations (visual evidence or textual justification) in the context of
Visual Question Answering (VQA). In our proposed ExAG, a human user needs to
guess a secret image picked by the VQA agent by asking natural language
questions to it. We show that overall, when AI explains its answers, users
succeed more often in guessing the secret image correctly. Notably, a few
correct explanations can readily improve human performance when VQA answers are
mostly incorrect as compared to no-explanation games. Furthermore, we also show
that while explanations rated as "helpful" significantly improve human
performance, "incorrect" and "unhelpful" explanations can degrade performance
as compared to no-explanation games. Our experiments, therefore, demonstrate
that ExAG is an effective means to evaluate the efficacy of AI-generated
explanations on a human-AI collaborative task.Comment: 2019 AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcin
First study of radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals at low temperatures
The electromagnetic calorimeter of PANDA at the FAIR facility will rely on an
operation of lead tungstate (PWO) scintillation crystals at temperatures near
-25 deg.C to provide sufficient resolution for photons in the energy range from
8 GeV down to 10 MeV. Radiation hardness of PWO crystals was studied at the
IHEP (Protvino) irradiation facility in the temperature range from room
temperature down to -25 deg.C. These studies have indicated a significantly
different behaviour in the time evolution of the damaging processes well below
room temperature. Different signal loss levels at the same dose rate, but at
different temperatures were observed. The effect of a deep suppression of the
crystal recovery process at temperatures below
0 deg.C has been seen.Comment: 10 pages 7 figure
The Impact of Explanations on AI Competency Prediction in VQA
Explainability is one of the key elements for building trust in AI systems.
Among numerous attempts to make AI explainable, quantifying the effect of
explanations remains a challenge in conducting human-AI collaborative tasks.
Aside from the ability to predict the overall behavior of AI, in many
applications, users need to understand an AI agent's competency in different
aspects of the task domain. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of
explanations on the user's mental model of AI agent competency within the task
of visual question answering (VQA). We quantify users' understanding of
competency, based on the correlation between the actual system performance and
user rankings. We introduce an explainable VQA system that uses spatial and
object features and is powered by the BERT language model. Each group of users
sees only one kind of explanation to rank the competencies of the VQA model.
The proposed model is evaluated through between-subject experiments to probe
explanations' impact on the user's perception of competency. The comparison
between two VQA models shows BERT based explanations and the use of object
features improve the user's prediction of the model's competencies.Comment: Submitted to HCCAI 202
Intrinsic Radioactivity in a GSO Crystal and Limits on Double Beta Decay of Gd-160
Scintillating crystal detector offers potential advantages in low-energy
low-background experiments for particle physics and astrophysics. The GSO
crystal is an interesting detector to explore for future neutrino physics
experiments. The contributions to background due to the various channels of
intrinsic radio-isotopes from the Th-232 and U-238 series are identified and
studied with time-correlation analysis and detailed fits to the spectral shape.
Good agreement is achieved between measured and simulated spectra, indicating
background suppression factors to the 10^{-2} - 10^{-3} level are possible. The
procedures can be adopted for background understanding and suppression in other
low-count-rate experiments where the dominant source of background is from
internal radioactivity. Based on 1656 hours of data taking, limits on the
double beta decay half-life for the various channels in Gd-160 are presented.
The limit for the neutrinoless mode is T^{0 \nu \beta \beta}_{{1/2}} > 2.0(0.8)
X 10^{20} y at 68(90)% confidence level.Comment: 25 pages, 3 tables, 6 figure
Selection rules in the double beta decay of deformed nuclei
The 2 nu double beta decay half-lives of six nuclei, whose decays were
previously reported as theoretically forbidden, are calculated by including the
pairing interaction, which mixes different occupations and opens up the
possibility of the decay. All allowed channels for the 0 nu double beta decay
are also computed. The estimated 2 nu double beta half-lives suggest that
measurements in 244Pu may find positive signals, and that planned experiments
would succeed in detecting the 2 nu double beta decay in 160Gd. Limits for the
zero neutrino mode, in the analyzed deformed emitters, are predicted.Comment: 4 pages, 4 table
Prospects of Scintillating Crystal Detector in Low-Energy Low-Background Experiments
Scintillating crystal detector offers potential advantages in low-energy
(keV-MeV range) low-background experiments for particle physics and
astrophysics. The merits are discussed using CsI(Tl) crystal as illustrations.
The various physics topics which can be pursued with this detector technology
are summarized. A conceptual design for a generic detector is presented.Comment: 20 pages, 1 tables, 7 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physic