Stereologic Orbital Volume Measurements in Zygomatic Fractures

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of stereologic methods to measure the orbital volume using computed tomography images of patients with zygomatic fractures

Fascia iliaca block for postoperative analgesia in a hip fracture patient

The incidents of hip fractures rise as the population gets older. Weakness of bones cause fractures easily due to falling, which can occur by balance deficiency, side effects of medications and maneuvering difficulties through environmental hazards. Patients with hip fractures are cared by clinicians in different specialties who should be familiar with the management of these injuries. The fascia iliaca compartment block, an easy to perform and low-cost procedure, provides efficient perioperative analgesia for patients who suffer from hip or femur fractures. Increased success rates are due to the facilitation of the block via ultrasound which is easily accessible in many operation theaters and emergency services. Anterior thigh and knee surgery as well as analgesia following hip and knee procedures are the basic indications for this block. In this case, we performed an ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block for postoperative analgesia after a hip fracture surgery. [Med-Science 2019; 8(1.000): 239-41

Stereological Estimation of Bone Cyst Volume Using Computed Tomography Images: A Comparison with the Planimetry Technique

Objective: The exact volume of the bone cyst is fundamental for evaluation, treatment, and surgical management of the pathology related to any bone. The aim of this study was to introduce the stereological point-counting technique in bone cyst volume measurements on computed tomography images and to compare it with the planimetry technique. Methods: A total of 30 bone cyst volumes were estimated on CT images using stereological point-counting and the planimetry technique, which is based on the Cavalieri principle. The planimetric measurements were regarded as reference values. The stereological and planimetric volume estimations were performed by two independent observers twice. The estimation results of the two volumetric techniques were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Intra-observer and inter- observer reliability of each volumetric technique was assessed. Results: For each bone cyst, 7-11 systematically sampled CT slices enabled reliable cyst volume estimations with a low coefficient of error (0.39%-3.12%). There was no significant difference between point counting and planimetry methods regarding volume measurements in both sessions (p>0.05), and these methods correlated well with each other. There was a significant inter-and intra-observer agreement for each volumetric method (ICC=0.9984 to 0.9988). The stereological approach was observed to take less time than the planimetric approach (mean 01:43 +/- 0.44 vs. 03.33 +/- 1:47 minutes) Conclusion: The stereological point-counting method can be well pertained to CT images for the reliable and reproducible assessment of bone cyst volume. Application of the point-counting method for volume estimation of bone cysts with different morphological features provides a great advantage in terms of both time-saving, applicability, and practicality in comparison with the planimetry technique

Stereological Estimation of the Orbital Volume: A Criterion Standard Study

Several methodologies have been proposed to assess the orbital volume (OV). However, we have not seen a criterion standard study evaluating the results of the methodologies for the assessment of OV In the current study, the actual OV of 9 dry skulls was measured using the water filling method as the criterion standard. Consecutive computed tomographic sections at a thickness of 1.5 mm were used to estimate the OV by means of the point counting method. The mean (SD) of the OV measured by the water filling method was 17.84 (1.56) cm(3). By using the point counting method, it was 17.05 (1.69) cm(3). There was no statistically significant difference between sides (P > 0.001). The results of the OV values obtained by the two methods were compared statistically. The agreements between the two methods were also evaluated using the Bland-Altman plots. There was no statistically significant difference between the OV measurements obtained by the stereological technique and water filling method. The described method could be used for the assessment of OV in vivo

A new evaluation method for the intracranial volume changes and subdural effusion of patients following endoscopic third ventriculostomy

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a procedure commonly applied in the treatment of non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus. One of the rare complications that can occur following ETV is a subdural effusion, even though this procedure is considered to be a more controlled and natural method of cerebrospinal fluid drainage compared to external drainage. In this study, we evaluated the intracranial volume changes and subdural effusion of patients following ETV using Cavalieri method.Volumes analysis of the cranial cavity, brain, ventricles and subdural effusions of two patients after ETV were performed on computed tomography images using the Cavalieri principle, one of the stereological methods.The preoperative total intracranial volumes and the preoperative brain volumes decreased for both patients during the postoperative 3rd, 10th and 30th days. Following ETV, the volumes of the lateral ventricles of both patients initially decreased during the postoperative 3rd and 10th days, however, the volumes returned almost to their preoperative size by the end of the 30th day. The effusions were seen on the postoperative 3rd and 10th days resolved by the end of the 30th day.Our results show that the Cavalieri method can be used to unbiased prediction of intracranial volume changes and to follow the subdural effusion after the ETV surgery

Current Status of the Use of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Forensic Practices

Forensic geneticists often use short tandem repeats (STRs) to solve cases. However, STRs can be insufficient when DNA samples are degraded due to environmental exposure and mass disasters, alleged and real relatives are genetically related in paternity or kinship analyses, or a suspect is lacking. In such cases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can provide valuable information and thus should be seriously considered as a tool to help resolve challenging cases. In this review, the current status of SNP analyses in forensic applications and the comparative advantages and disadvantages of SNPs with other biomarkers are discussed

Current Status of the Use of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Forensic Practices

Forensic geneticists often use short tandem repeats (STRs) to solve cases. However, STRs can be insufficient when DNA samples are degraded due to environmental exposure and mass disasters, alleged and real relatives are genetically related in paternity or kinship analyses, or a suspect is lacking. In such cases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can provide valuable information and thus should be seriously considered as a tool to help resolve challenging cases. In this review, the current status of SNP analyses in forensic applications and the comparative advantages and disadvantages of SNPs with other biomarkers are discussed

Stereological evaluation of the volume and volume fraction of intracranial structures in magnetic resonance images of patients with Alzheimer's disease

In this study, we describe and adapt the relevant methods of magnetic resonance (MR) and stereology to estimate total brain volume (TBV), cerebral and cerebellar volume and their volume fractions within the brain. The study included 15 (8 males, 7 females) controls and 15 (8 males, 7 females) patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients MR images were obtained in both sagittal and axial planes. The volume and volume fraction of the total brain, cerebrum and cerebellum were determined on MR images using the point-counting approach of stereological methods.In this study, we describe and adapt the relevant methods of magnetic resonance (MR) and stereology to estimate total brain volume (TBV), cerebral and cerebellar volume and their volume fractions within the brain. The study included 15 (8 males, 7 females) controls and 15 (8 males, 7 females) patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients' MR images were obtained in both sagittal and axial planes. The volume and volume fraction of the total brain, cerebrum and cerebellum were determined on MR images using the point-counting approach of stereological methods. The volume fractions of the cerebrum to TBV and cerebellum to TBV in the control group were 66.38% and 67.87% in axial and sagittal planes, and 12.05% and 12.81% in axial and sagittal planes, respectively. The volume fractions of the cerebrum to TBV and cerebellum to TBV in the Alzheimer group were 52.40% and 56.26% in axial and sagittal planes, and 10.00% and 10.38% in axial and sagittal planes, respectively. The Alzheimer subjects showed significantly lower cerebral and cerebellar volume fraction to TBV than the control subjects (p0.05). The present evaluation of TBV, cerebral and cerebellar volume and volume fractions can be done on any complete set of MR imaging, in which the plane scan distance and magnification factor are known, as they are in MRI. In conclusion, the cerebral and cerebellar to TBV volume fractions can be important tools in determining brain atrophy and can be estimated by the stereological method

The volume fraction method for the evaluation of kidney: A stereological study

It is known that the kidney size is related to body height, body surface area and body weight. In the present study we propose the volume fraction approach of stereological methods that eliminate the effects of body size over the quantitative evaluation of cortex, medulla and pelvis of kidney. Kidneys were removed from 20 Kivircik sheeps and their volumes were measured Using the Archimedean principle. The total volume and volume of its components and the volume fraction of cortex. medulla and the pelvis were estimated stereologically. The mean kidney volumes were 61.3 +/- 12.7cm(3) and 59.7 +/- 12.8cm(3), Using the Archimedean and the Cavalieri principles, respectively. The obtained values were not found to be significantly different (p > 0.05). The kidney was composed of 69.7 +/- 3.0% cortex, 27.1 +/- 2.9% medulla and 3.2 +/- 0.7% pelvis. Our results show that the stereological method applied in this study provides Unbiased data about the volumetric characteristics of kidney and call be Used on physical Section of the evaluation of the volume and volume fractions of kidney and its subcomponents

A comparison of lateral ventricle volume estimation on magnetic resonance and cadaveric section images using the planimetry method

WOS: 000471083300060PubMed: 30955951