Air Conditioning Hybrid Electric Vehicles while Stopped in Traffic

HEVs idle their engine during the stops to meet the cooling and heating needs. But, idling decreases fuel economy and increases engine wear and emissions. The report explores alternative strategies for air conditioning the HEV during the stop times. Simulation analyses are used to identify fundamental differences and new technology tradeoffs encountered in HEVs. An analysis of cooling and heating loads on a car under typical weather and driving conditions is combined with efficiency estimates for an advanced a/c system to compare different cooling strategies in terms of fuel usage and overall system COP. Options considered include belt and electrically driven compressors, with thermal and electrical storage technologies. The results of this parametric analysis narrow the range of cooling and heating strategies to be considered for detailed analysis and prototype testing.Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Project 14

Field support, data analysis and associated research for the acoustic grenade sounding program

Temperature and horizontal winds in the 30 to 90 km altitude range of the upper atmosphere, were determined by acoustic grenade soundings conducted at Wallops Island, Virginia and Kourou, French Guiana. Field support provided at these locations included deployment of the large area microphone system, supervision, maintenance and operation of sound ranging stations; and coordination of activities. Data analysis efforts included the analysis of field data to determine upper atmospheric meteorological parameters. Profiles for upper atmospheric temperature, wind and density are provided in plots and tables for each of the acoustic grenade soundings conducted during the contract period. Research efforts were directed toward a systematic comparison of temperature data from acoustic grenade with other meteorological sensor probes in the upper atmosphere

Nonequilibrium steady states of driven magnetic flux lines in disordered type-II superconductors

We investigate driven magnetic flux lines in layered type-II superconductors subject to various configurations of strong point or columnar pinning centers by means of a three-dimensional elastic line model and Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. We characterize the resulting nonequilibrium steady states by means of the force-velocity / current-voltage curve, static structure factor, mean vortex radius of gyration, number of double-kink and half-loop excitations, and velocity / voltage noise spectrum. We compare the results for the above observables for randomly distributed point and columnar defects, and demonstrate that the three-dimensional flux line structures and their fluctuations lead to a remarkable variety of complex phenomena in the steady-state transport properties of bulk superconductors.Comment: 23 pages, IOP style, 18 figures include

GenomeGraphs: integrated genomic data visualization with R.

BackgroundBiological studies involve a growing number of distinct high-throughput experiments to characterize samples of interest. There is a lack of methods to visualize these different genomic datasets in a versatile manner. In addition, genomic data analysis requires integrated visualization of experimental data along with constantly changing genomic annotation and statistical analyses.ResultsWe developed GenomeGraphs, as an add-on software package for the statistical programming environment R, to facilitate integrated visualization of genomic datasets. GenomeGraphs uses the biomaRt package to perform on-line annotation queries to Ensembl and translates these to gene/transcript structures in viewports of the grid graphics package. This allows genomic annotation to be plotted together with experimental data. GenomeGraphs can also be used to plot custom annotation tracks in combination with different experimental data types together in one plot using the same genomic coordinate system.ConclusionGenomeGraphs is a flexible and extensible software package which can be used to visualize a multitude of genomic datasets within the statistical programming environment R

Modification of Child Custody Awards in Indiana: The Need for Statutory Guidelines

Recent Developments in Indiana La

Vortex Washboard Voltage Noise in Type-II Superconductors

In order to characterize flux flow through disordered type-II superconductors, we investigate the effects of columnar and point defects on the vortex velocity / voltage power spectrum in the driven non-equilibrium steady state. We employ three-dimensional Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations to measure relevant physical observables including the force-velocity / current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, vortex spatial arrangement and structure factor, and mean flux line radius of gyration. Our simulation results compare well to earlier findings and physical intuition. We focus specifically on the voltage noise power spectra in conjunction with the vortex structure factor in the presence of weak columnar and point pinning centers. We investigate the vortex washboard noise peak and associated higher harmonics, and show that the intensity ratios of the washboard harmonics are determined by the strength of the material defects rather than the type of pins present. Through varying columnar defect lengths and pinning strengths as well as magnetic flux density we further explore the effect of the material defects on vortex transport. It is demonstrated that the radius of gyration displays quantitatively unique features that depend characteristically on the type of material defects present in the sample.Comment: Latex, 17 pages, 14 figure

The land expectation value calculated in timberland valuation

Appraisers often use discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques to value timber and timberland. Land expectation value (LEV) is a standard DCF technique applied to many timberland situations. LEV calculates the value of bare land in perpetual timber production and is often used to value evenaged pine plantations. However, it is also useful in the valuation of immature timber stands and uneven-aged timber stands cut periodically. These models have wide applicability in timberland appraisal situations

FORVAL: A computer program for FORest VALuation

FORVAL (FORest VALuation) is a computer program for cash-flow analysis of forestry investments. The FORTRAN 77 program is available from the MAFES Forestry Department for Data General computers using the Advanced Operating System with Virtual Storage, and for IBM-compatible personal computers (send letter of request and 51!.-inch diskette to P.O. Drawer FR, Mississippi State, MS 39762)

CONVERT: A program to evaluate hardwood sawmill conversion efficiency

CONVERT is a computer program that allows users to evaluate the conversion efficiency of hardwood sawmills. Users can consider six factors that influence conversion efficiency. Four of the factors reflect characteristics of hardwood sawmill machines: headrig kerf, headrig type, resaw kerf, and rough green size. The other factors reflect characteristics of the mill\u27s raw material inputs: average log length and average log diameter