50 research outputs found
Nucleotide ecto-enzyme metabolic pattern and spatial distribution in calcific aortic valve disease : its relation to pathological changes and clinical presentation
Genetic relationships within and among Iberian fescues (Festuca L.) based on PCR-amplified markers
The genus Festuca comprises approximately 450 species and is widely distributed around the world. The Iberian Penninsula, with more than 100 taxa colonizing very diverse habitats, is one of its main centers of diversification. This study was conducted to assess molecular genetic variation and genetic relatedness among 91 populations of 31 taxa of Iberian fescues, based on several molecular markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and trnL sequences). The analyses showed the paraphyletic origin of the broad-leaved (subgenus Festuca, sections Scariosae and Subbulbosae, and subgenus Schedonorus) and the fine-leaved fescues (subgenus Festuca, sections Aulaxyper, Eskia, and Festuca). Schedonorus showed a weak relationship with Lolium rigidum and appeared to be the most recent of the broad-leaved clade. Section Eskia was the most ancient and Festuca the most recent of the fine-leaved clade. Festuca and Aulaxyper were the most related sections, in concordance with their taxonomic affinities. All taxa grouped into their sections, except F. ampla and F. capillifolia (section Festuca), which appeared to be more closely related to Aulaxyper and to a new independent section, respectively. Most populations clustered at the species level, but some subspecies and varieties mixed their populations. This study demonstrated the value in combining different molecular markers to uncover hidden genetic relationships between populations of Festuca
Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication
Background According to international guidelines and literature, all patients with intermittent claudication should receive an initial treatment of cardiovascular risk modification, lifestyle coaching, and supervised exercise therapy. In the literature, supervised exercise therapy often consists of treadmill or track walking. However, alternative modes of exercise therapy have been described and yielded similar results to walking. This raises the following question: which exercise mode produces the most favourable results? This is the first update of the original review published in 2014.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of alternative modes of supervised exercise therapy compared to traditional walking exercise in patients with intermittent claudication.Search methodsThe Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 4 March 2019. We also undertook reference checking, citation searching and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. No language restriction was applied.Selection criteriaWe included parallel-group randomised controlled trials comparing alternative modes of exercise training or combinations of exercise modes with a control group of supervised walking exercise in patients with clinically determined intermittent claudication. The supervised walking programme needed to be supervised at least twice a week for a consecutive six weeks of training.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias for each study. As we included studies with different treadmill test protocols and different measuring units (metres, minutes, or seconds), the standardised mean difference (SMD) approach was used for summary statistics of mean walking distance (MWD) and pain-free walking distance (PFVVD). Summary estimates were obtained for all outcome measures using a random-effects model. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence.Main results For this update, five additional studies were included, making a total of 10 studies that randomised a total of 527 participants with intermittent claudication (IC). The alternative modes of exercise therapy included cycling, lower-extremity resistance training, upper-arm ergometry, Nordic walking, and combinations of exercise modes. Besides randomised controlled trials, two quasi-randomised trials were included.Overall risk of bias in included studies varied from high to low. According to GRADE criteria, the certainty of the evidence was downgraded to low, due to the relatively small sample sizes, clinical inconsistency, and inclusion of three studies with risk of bias concerns. Overall, comparing alternative exercise modes versus walking showed no clear differences for MVVD at 12 weeks (standardised mean difference (SMD)-0.01, 950/o confidence interval (CI)-0.29 to 0.27; P = 0.95; 6 studies; 274 participants; low-certainty evidence); or at the end of training (SMD-0.11, 95% CI-0.33 to 0.11; P = 0.32; 9 studies; 412 participants; low-certainty evidence). Similarly, no clear differences were detected in PFWD at 12 weeks (SMD-0.01, 950/o CI-0.26 to 0.25; P= 0.97; 5 studies; 249 participants; low-certainty evidence); or at the end of training (SMD-0.06, 95% CI-0.30 to 0.17; P = 0.59; 8 studies, 382 participants; low-certainty evidence). Four studies reported on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and three studies reported on functional impairment. As the studies used different measurements, meta-analysis was only possible for the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) distance score, which demonstrated little or no difference between groups (MD-5.52, 95% CI-17A1 to 6.36; P = 0.36; 2 studies; 96 participants; low-certainty evidence).Authors' conclusionsThis review found no clear difference between alternative exercise modes and supervised walking exercise in improving the maximum and pain-free walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. The certainty of this evidence was judged to be low, due to clinical inconsistency, small sample size and risk of bias concerns. The findings of this review indicate that alternative exercise modes may be useful when supervised walking exercise is not an option. More RCTs with adequate methodological quality and sufficient power are needed to provide solid evidence for comparisons between each alternative exercise mode and the current standard of supervised treadmill walking. Future RCTs should investigate outcome measures on walking behaviour, physical activity, cardiovascular risk, and HRQoL, using standardised testing methods and reporting of outcomes to allow meaningful comparison across studies.</p
Comparative transcriptome analysis within the Lolium/Festuca species complex reveals high sequence conservation
Movement of the combined oral contraceptive drug treatment in pharmacy "MÄness aptieka - 80"
KombinÄtie orÄlie kontraceptÄ«vie lÄ«dzekļi ir hormonÄli izveidota medikamentozÄ terapija, kas satur sintÄtiskos sievieÅ”u hormonu analogus. MÅ«sdienÄs kombinÄtie kontraceptÄ«vi ir vieni no visplaÅ”Äk izrakstÄ«tajiem un izmantotajiem galveniem pretapaugļoÅ”anas preparÄtiem, kuri nomÄc reproduktÄ«vajÄ sistÄmÄ ovulÄciju, tÄdÄjÄdi ietekmÄjot apaugļoÅ”anÄs funkcijas, kas tiek raksturota, kÄ pozitÄ«va KOK ietekme. Å Ä« darba mÄrÄ·is bija noskaidrot, kÄdas ir iespÄjamÄs visplaÅ”Äk nozÄ«mÄtÄs KOK medikamentozÄs terapijas, vadoties pÄc aptaujÄto respondentu vecuma, diagnozi, kÄ arÄ« noteikt pacientu informÄtÄ«bu par pareizu un adekvÄtu KOK medikamentozÄs terapijas lietoÅ”anu. Tika iegÅ«ti rezultÄti, ka kombinÄto orÄlo kontracepciju lietoÅ”anas pieaugums ir pacientu vecuma no 21 lÄ«dz 24 gadiem un no 29 lÄ«dz 35 gadiem. VisvairÄk un visbiežÄk KOK medikamentozÄ terapijas tiek izmantota kÄ kontracepcijas jeb pretapaugļoÅ”anÄs lÄ«dzeklis vai hormonÄlÄ disbalansa regulÄÅ”anÄ. No 58 respondentÄm 43 norÄdÄ«ja KOK medikamentozas terapijas laikÄ, lieto arÄ« citus medikamentus. VisvairÄk lietojamas medikamentu grupas KOK lietoÅ”anas laikÄ ir dažÄdu antibiotiku terapijas kursi. SavukÄrt izvÄrtÄjot norÄdÄ«tÄs atbildes par KOK terapijas pareizu un precÄ«zu lietoÅ”anu, tiek secinÄts, ka lielÄkÄ daļa pacientes ir informÄtas par KOK terapijas lietoÅ”anas principiem, bet 24 respondentes norÄdÄ«ja, ka neievÄro pareizu KOK terapijas lietoÅ”anu.Combined oral contraceptives are hormonal drug therapy containing synthetic female hormonal analogues. Combined contraceptives are now among the most widely prescribed and used as major contraceptives that inhibit ovulation in the reproductive system by affecting the fertilization function, which is characterized as a positive effect of COPD. The aim of this work was to find out the possible diagnosis of the most widely prescribed COC medications based on the age of the respondents, as well as to find out if patients are inform about the correct and adequate use of COC medication. The performed analysis of the data showed that most of COC is using patients from aged 21 to 24 years and between 29 and 35 years. The most commonly COC medication is used as contraceptive method or for hormonal imbalance regulation. Of the 58 respondents, 43 reported that using COCs medication there were using another group of medication, most commonly used medication group- antibiotics. Assessing the answers for the correct and accurate use of COC therapy, it is concluded that most patients are aware of the using principles of COC therapy, while 24 respondents indicated that they did or do not follow the correct using method for COC therapy
Effects of metformin on microgliosis, cholinergic neurotransmission and synaptic density in sporadic Alzheimer's disease-type pathology
Å ajÄ pÄtÄ«jumÄ noteica perorÄli ievadÄ«ta metformÄ«na (75 mg/kg un 100 mg/kg devÄs) efektus uz vairÄkiem sporÄdiskÄs Alcheimera slimÄ«bas tipa modeļžurku smadzeÅu procesiem: neiroiekaisumu, sinapÅ”u blÄ«vuma samazinÄÅ”anos un acetilholÄ«nesterÄzes aktivitÄti. PÄtÄ«juma rezultÄti parÄda, ka abÄs devÄs metformÄ«ns spÄj novÄrst mikrogliozi, sinaptiskÄ blÄ«vuma samazinÄÅ”anos un normalizÄt acetilholÄ«nesterÄzes blÄ«vumu modeļžurku smadzenÄs. IegÅ«tie dati norÄda uz metformÄ«na neiroprotektÄ«vo potenciÄlu sporÄdiskÄs Alcheimera slimÄ«bas patoloÄ£isko izmaiÅu novÄrÅ”anu. NepiecieÅ”ami tÄlÄkie pÄtÄ«jumi, lai uzzinÄtu visu metformÄ«na neiroprotektÄ«va potenciÄla klÄstu sAD-tipa modelÄ«.In this study, the effects of peroral metformin at doses of 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were assessed in sporadic Alzheimerās disease-type model-rats on the following processes: neuroinflammation, synaptic density and acetylcholine esterase activity. Results of the study show that metformin at both doses were able to prevent microgliosis, decrease in synaptic density and elevated acetylcholinesterase density in the brain of model animals. Obtained data indicate the neuroprotective potential of metformin in the prevention of pathological changes observed in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are required to discover the full neuroprotective potential of metformin in sAD-type model
Course and treatment of COVID-19 infection in HIV infected patients
KlÄ«niskÄ farmÄcijaVeselÄ«bas aprÅ«peClinical PharmacyHealth CareÅ ajÄ pÄtÄ«jumÄ noskaidroja COVID-19 infekcijas gaitas smaguma pakÄpi HIV inficÄtiem
pacientiem, analizÄjot pacientu letÄlo iznÄkumu biežumu no COVID-19 remdesivira pielietoÅ”anas
rezultÄtus HIV inficÄtiem pacientiem, kas slimo ar COVID-19 infekciju un abpusÄjo pneimoniju.
PÄtÄ«juma rezultÄti rÄda, ka HIV saguma pakÄne neietekmÄ COVID-19 gaitu, letalitÄtes
biežuma cÄlonis nav atkarÄ«gs no COVID-19 HIV inficetÄm personÄm. Remdesivira pielietoÅ”anas
rezultÄts HIV inficÄtiem pacientiem ar COVID-19 infekciju un abpusÄjo pneimoniju uzrÄdija
pozitÄ«vu rezultÄtu.
IegÅ«tie dati norÄda, ka nepastÄv pÄrliecinoÅ”u pierÄdÄ«jumu, kas norÄdÄ«tu, ka HIV inficÄtam
pacientiem ir lielÄka iespÄja saslimt ar COVID-19 infekciju.In this study, determined the severity of the course of COVID-19 infection in HIV-infected
patients by analyzing the mortality rate from COVID-19 as a result of the use of remdesivir in
HIV-infected patients with COVID-19 infection and bilateral pneumonia.
The results of the study show that the effect of the severe stage of HIV on the course of
COVID-19, the fatality rate does not depend on COVID-19 in HIV-infected persons, and the result
of the use of remdesivir in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19 infection and bilateral
pneumonia showed a positive result.
The obtained data indicate the susceptibility of HIV-infected patients to contract COVID19, just like the rest of the population through airborne transmissio
Morphological and enzymatic variability and adaptation of zig-zag clover [Trifolium medium L.]
Genetic variation and population structure of three Trifolium species
Three diploid Trifolium (Fabaceae) species, T. campestre, T.fragiferum and T. montanum, were electrophoretically assayed to elucidate the range and organization of genetic variation in relation to the mating system, reproduction mode and longevity of the species. T. campestre is an annual self-pollinated species. T.fragiferum and T. montanum are cross-pollinated perennials. The former species reproduces both sexually and vegetatively, whereas the latter relies solely on sexual reproduction. Several populations of each species collected throughout Poland were surveyed for 15 enzymes. The measures of variation included: proportion of polymorphic loci per population, average number of alleles per locus, average gene diversity (He) and genetic distance (D). To describe the organization of diversity in each species, total genetic variation per locus (Ht) was calculated and partitioned into intra-(Hs) and inter-(Dst) populational components. Both cross-pollinated species had more polymorphic loci, higher numbers of alleles per locus and higher level of diversity than self-pollinated T. campestre. Most of genetic variation of the latter species was allocated among populations unlike in T.fragiferum and T. montanum