Medijski okviri Covid 19 pandemije

It has long been noticed that the problem of public information provision has shifted from collecting and selling information to protecting the public from disinformation, and to inability to follow all the information published about any topic. Media coverage in times of crisis, such as the pandemic, has revealed and heightened the extent of the problem of public information provision. In this paper, we present our belief that professional journalists have not responded well to their basic task — providing accurate, impartial, reliable and important information to the public. Instead, the media has often published information based on assumptions, emotions and views of interest to certain social groups, rather than the general public. The banning of large gatherings and events that are a common source of information, limited movement of people and journalists, focus on official sources with limited ability for data verification, extensive use of social media and general disruption of daily editorial routines, have led to the non-compliance with the core principles of journalism. Instead of facts, the media were dominated by interpretations and emotions, which, in combination with poor general media literacy, has led to the spread of fear and distrust in media and institutions. In this paper, we advocate adherence to the Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on protecting freedom of expression and information in times of crisis (adopted in 2007), and improvement in general media literacy in society, so that the media can effectively perform their social role, and the citizens can critically evaluate information available in times of crisis.Odavno je uočeno da je problem javnog informisanja sa polja prikupljanja i prodaje informacija, preusmeren na problem zaštite od dezinformacija, kao i na poteškoće da se proprate sve informacije objavljene o nekoj temi. Medijsko izveštavanje u doba krize kao što je pandemija, izoštrilo je i još snažnije markiralo razmere problema javnog informisanja. U radu iznosimo uverenje da novinarski profesionalci nisu dobro odgovorili svom osnovnom zadatku – da obezbede tačne, nepristrasne, pouzdane i za javnost važne informacije. Umesto toga objavljivane su informacije zasnovane na pretpostavkama, emocijama i stavovima u interesu određenih društvenih grupa, a ne od koristi za građane. Zabrana velikih skupova i događaja koji su uobičajeni izvori informacija, ograničnje kretanja ljudi i novinara, usmerenost na zvanične izvore sa ograničenim mogućnostima provere informacija, velika upotreba društvenih mreža, kao i opšta odstupanja od svakodnevnih redakcijskih rutina, uticali su na izostanak poštovanja osnovnih novinarskih načela. Umesto činjenica u medijima su dominirale interpretacije i emocije, što je u situaciji skromne opšte medijske pismenosti doprinelo širenju straha i nepoverenja u medije i institucije sistema. U radu se zalažemo za poštovanje Smernica Komiteta ministara Saveta Evrope o zaštiti slobode izražavanja i informisanja u vreme kriza (iz 2007. godine) i za opšte medijsko opismenjavanje, kako bi mediji efikasno obavljali svoju društvenu ulogu, a građani kritički procenjivali informacije koje su im dostupne, naročito u vreme kriza

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VALUE SYSTEM AND INNOVATIVITY OF MEDIA STUDENTS IN SERBIA, CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Abstract- In this paper we deal with the connection between value system and innovativity of media students in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research sample consisted of 426 students. Connection between value system of respondents and their attitude towards innovations is established. Research has also shown that there are significant statistical intercultural and intersex differences in relation of value and attitude towards innovations. The expressed intercultural and intersex differences, according to our opinion, reflect differences in the line traditionalism- modernism, where Bosnian students are closer to the pole of traditionalism, because they evaluate the tradition that leads to group harmony very much. In case of Serbian and Croatian students, viewpoint in closer to the pole of modernism, individualism and willingness to change are highly appreciated

Food economy during and after the neolithiceneolithic transition in the central Balkans: Contextualising crops and domestic animals from Eneolithic Bubanj, southern Serbia

Druga polovina 5. i veći deo 4. milenijuma pre nove ere na centralnom Balkanu označava se kao period prelaza iz kasnog neolita (tj. vinčanske kulture) u rani eneolit, i eneolitski period. Na osnovu značajnih promena u obrascima naseljavanja i veličini naselja, u pogrebnoj praksi i u materijalnoj kulturi, smatra se da je tokom prelaznog perioda došlo do razvoja novih obrazaca u društvenim odnosima i organizaciji, u ekonomiji i proizvodnji i u ideologiji postvinčanskih zajednica, koje su, za razliku od prethodnih velikih, dugotrajnih naselja, počele da osnivaju manje, relativno kratkotrajne naseobine, uglavnom na prethodno nenaseljenim lokacijama. Različiti faktori su predloženi kao pokretači ovih transformacija - društveni sukobi, invazije sa strane, klimatske promene, te pad raspoloživih prirodnih resursa i nedovoljno hrane. Za razmatranje eventualnih klimatskih promena tokom eneolita ne postoje nikakvi podaci, a doskora se veoma malo znalo i o ekonomiji zasnovanoj na biljkama i životinjama u postneolitskom periodu. Najjasnije formulisan zaključak o uzrocima raspada kasnoneolitskog društva, koji nalazi i najviše potpore u arheološkim saznanjima, jeste taj da su vinčanske zajednice dostigle granice održivosti zajedničkog života (u sociološkom smislu), što je dovelo do "fisije" i fragmentacije velikih zajednica na manje grupe. Sličan model kasnoneolitsko-ranoeneolitskih društvenih promena predložen je i za Karpatski basen - "popuštanje" društvene kohezije kao odgovor na moguće društvene tenzije. Pored promena i novih trendova koje nastupaju početkom i tokom eneolita na centralnom Balkanu, primetan je i visok stepen sličnosti/kontinuiteta u pojedinim aspektima života; na primer, pored manjih, razvijaju se i velika, dugotrajna eneolitska naselja, poput onih na lokalitetima Bubanj i Velika Humska Čuka u južnoj Srbiji. Dok su ovi i drugi aspekti eneolitskih zajednica u izvesnoj meri poznati i istraženi, proizvodnja hrane je doskora bila velika nepoznanica. Do sada je pak zooarheološki i arheobotanički istraženo nekoliko eneolitskih lokaliteta, a nova iskopavanja na Bubnju donela su važne podatke o uzgajanju i upotrebi domaćih biljaka i životinja. Iako su podaci i dalje skromni, posebno oni o poljoprivrednim aktivnostima, sada je ipak moguć uvid u pojedine aspekte proizvodnje hrane. U ovom radu smo do sada prikupljene zooarheološke i arheobotaničke podatke sa Bubnja razmotrili u širem geografskom i hronološkom kontekstu tako što smo uporedili saznanja o uzgajanju i upotrebi životinja i biljaka sa do sada analiziranih kasnoneolitskih i eneolitskih nalazišta na teritoriji Srbije. Uporedna analiza pokazala je da su iste vrste domaćih životinja - goveda, ovce/koze i svinje - gajene i u neolitu i u eneolitu. S druge strane, ostaci ovaca i koza i svinja su, spram govečeta, zastupljeniji u uzorcima sa eneolitskih nalazišta. Utisak je, stoga, da je značaj ovaca i koza, kao i svinja, bio veći u eneolitu, što je važna razlika u odnosu na kasni neolit, tokom kog je goveče bilo dominantno. Postoje, međutim, i izuzeci od ovog opšteg zapažanja; na primer, na nalazištu Vinča - Belo brdo, relativni odnos ekonomski najznačajnih domaćih životinja je manje-više isti tokom oba perioda. Takođe, na kasnoeneolitskom nalazištu Kudoš-Šašinci, većina ostataka pripada domaćem govečetu. Preliminarni zaključak je da generalno ujednačena slika karakteristična za kasni neolit postaje raznovrsnija tokom eneolita i javljaju se jasne regionalne i hronološke razlike u pogledu značaja domaćih životinja. Arheobotanički podaci pokazuju da se spektar gajenih vrsta na nalazištima kasnog neolita i eneolita u Srbiji uveliko preklapa, te da osnovne kulture poznate iz neolita - jednozrna i dvozrna pšenica - ostaju osnov poljoprivredne proizvodnje i tokom eneolita. I ovde se, međutim, kao i kod domaćih životinja, uočavaju moguće razlike između lokaliteta. Recimo, u kasnoeneolitskom sloju Gomolave zabeležena je veća količina ječma, što je za sada jedini slučaj kako za neolit tako i za eneolit, jer se ječam na drugim analiziranim lokalitetima iz ovih perioda javlja samo u tragovima. Podaci sa Bubnja ukazuju na mogući rast u važnosti mahunarki, tačnije sočiva, od ranog ka kasnom eneolitu, te manje značajnu ulogu dvozrne pšenice kroz vreme, ali je broj ostataka izuzetno Mali za čvrste zaključke. Dok relativno nepromenjen izbor gajenih vrsta kroz kasni neolit i eneolit ističe kontinuitet, donekle su vidljive potencijalne razlike između lokaliteta u stepenu proizvodnje pojedinih poljoprivrednih kultura. Moguće je da dolazi do promene u metodama i intenzitetu zemljoradnje, a vrlo verovatno u vezi sa promenama u stočarstvu, recimo u pogledu potrebe za proizvodnjom stočne hrane ili varijacijama u veličini površina pod usevima ili onim namenjenim za ispašu. Uvid u ove i slične aspekte proizvodnje hrane u eneolitu zahteva znatno veću količinu podataka od one koja je sada na raspolaganju.In the central Balkans, the period from the second half of the 5th through the mid-3rd millennium BC is known as the Eneolithic. The earlier part of this period has been described as the transition between the Late Neolithic and Early Eneolithic and the time of transformations-societal, economic and ideological. Prevailing understanding of the archaeological record from this period is that the remarkable shifts in the settlement system reflect disintegration of the Neolithic society. What effect did this have on food economy? This question has not yet been addressed using the direct evidence of food production and consumption from archaeological sites. Although such evidence is scarce, it has in recent years been enlarged through new excavations, including those at the long-lasting site of Bubanj in southern Serbia. This paper combines the archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological datasets from Bubanj and examines the integrated evidence from a broader chronological and geographical perspective using the information from other Eneolithic and, also, Late Neolithic sites in Serbia. A picture of agricultural diversity emerges, perhaps reflecting diachronic changes in the production methods and choices. These may have been driven by the social and ecological factors that led to the cultural transformations during and after the transitional period

A note on the damped vibrating systems

The presence of pure imaginary eigenvalues of the partially damped vibrating systems is treated. The number of such eigenvalues is determined using the rank of a matrix which is directly related to the system matrices

Raw material requirements planning in fruit juice production

The primary purpose of this research is to determine the production capacity requirements of a model fruit juice producer. In addition to fruit processing capacities, the company is in possession of its own land devoted to orchards. The research was conducted on the basis of a balance method, which has been used in fruit production for the planning of processing capacity requirements, i.e. the striking of a harmonious balance between the land capacity utilisation via orchards and the industry of fruit processing. For the planned production of 33,280 tonnes of raw materials, at average yields, the producer should be in possession of an area of 2,344 ha. For the processing capacity of 160 tonnes of raw materials a day, the producer should be in possession of the following diversity and spatial distribution of cultivated fruit species: strawberries (516 ha), raspberries (332 ha), sour cherries (361 ha), apricots (71 ha), peaches (178 ha), blueberries (320 ha), plums (50 h), pears (89 ha), apples (137 h.), quinces (50 ha), and grapes (240 ha)

Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans

U ovoj studiji reč je o nedovoljno jasno definisanom periodu na kraju neolita i početku eneolita na centralnom Balkanu. Glavna tema ovog teksta nisu razvoj i dezintegracija pozne vinčanske kulture, o čemu je dosta pisano u poslednje vreme, nego karakter i hronologija odnosa između pozne vinčanske kulture i ranoeneolitske grupe koja će je naslediti na ovoj teritoriji (Bubanj - Hum I kao regionalna varijanta kompleksa Bubanj-Salkuca-Krivodol - skraćeno BSK), kao i proces nastanka te grupe. Ova studija, stoga, analizira određene karakteristične keramičke forme koje potiču isključivo sa apsolutno datiranih lokaliteta, jednoslojnih ili onih sa dobro definisanom vertikalnom stratigrafijom, kao i hronologiju (apsolutne datume) kasnovinčanske kulture i grupe Bubanj - Hum I na centralnom Balkanu. Zbog specifičnih geografskih karakteristika centralnog Balkana, ali i radi lakšeg praćenja izlaganja, teritorija centralnog Balkana interpretirana je u radu putem dve zasebne geografske regije - prelazne regije (deo Posavine i Podrinja, baseni Jadra, Kolubare, Tamnave i donjeg toka Velike Morave, planina Cer, kao i pobrđe na jugu i istoku ograničeno planinama Gučevo, Povlen, Maljen, Suvobor i Rudnik) i planinske regije (planinska oblast centralnog Balkana). Analiza stilskih i tipoloških karakteristika keramike ukazala je na brojne zajedničke keramičke forme koje se javljaju kako u vinčanskoj kulturi (posebno kasnoj vinčanskoj kulturi), tako i u grupi Bubanj - Hum I. Razlike se uočavaju u površinskoj obradi, kvalitetu grnčarije i tehnici i motivima ukrašavanja. Teritorija grupe Bubanj - Hum I, takođe, u velikoj meri podudara se sa teritorijom kasnovinčanske kulture, a zanimljivo je da najraniji datumi za BSK kompleks, uključujući grupu Bubanj - Hum I, potiču sa perifernih područja njegove teritorije (Spančevo u dolini Bregalnice, Bodnjik u takozvanoj prelaznoj regiji centralnog Balkana i Ostorvul Corbului u Olteniji), što može da ukazuje na to da je ovaj ranoeneolitski kompleks proistekao iz vinčanske kulture i da se razvijao približno istovremeno u svim regionima počevši od oko 4450-4400. pre n. e. Ovi podaci bi mogli da dovedu u pitanje prethodnu tezu o raspadu vinčanske kulture i formiranju grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja je isticala ulogu migracija stanovništva sa istoka u tom procesu, te da ukažu na to da je ranoeneolitski kompleks nastao približno istovremeno na celokupnoj svojoj teritoriji, na manje-više jedinstvenim, a najvećim delom autohtonim kulturnim osnovama. Rezultati analiza stilsko-tipoloških odlika karakterističnih keramičkih formi vinčanske kulture i kulturne grupe Bubanj - Hum I, uz osvrt na njihove ekonomske strategije, duhovnu kulturu, industriju okresanog kamena, topografiju i arhitekturu naselja kao i proces metalurgije, pokazuju da je prelazni period od kraja vinčanske kulture do pojave klasične Bubanj - Hum I grupe bio postepen i kontinuiran proces koji se na prostoru centralnog Balkana odvijao uz izvesne kulturne kontakte sa susednim zajednicama, posebno na istoku. Ovaj kulturni proces između 47. i 45. veka pre n. e. rezultirao je formiranjem grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja će egzistirati tokom druge polovine V milenijuma na najvećem delu teritorije centralnog Balkana.The study addresses an imprecisely defined period between the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. The study primarily refers to the characteristic ceramic forms common to both the Vinča culture and the Early Eneolithic groups, especially the Bubanj-Hum I group. The pottery under consideration originates exclusively from absolutely dated sites, single-layered sites, and sites that possess a well-defined vertical stratigraphy. The analyses of pottery, combined with brief reviews on economic strategies, the chipped stone industry, settlement topography and the process of metallurgy indicate that the transitional period from the Vinča culture to the Bubanj-Hum I group was a gradual process in the Central Balkans, without major external factors, yet continuous cultural contacts with the neighboring communities, especially into the East. This gradual process of vertical genetic transmission between the 47 th and the 45 th century calBC resulted in the formation of the Bubanj-Hum I group

Characteristics of Housing in Rural Villages: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

The paper analyzes the basic characteristics of housing in rural areas of northeastern Montenegro, based on examples from Berane, Andrejevica and Plav. People in rural areas northeastern of Montenegro are in accordance with their modest lifestyle, built by the simple but functional living quarters. The chronology of the type of housing facilities is differentiated into morphological types of permanent residence: primitive forms of human habitats (dugouts - cave dwellings, semi dugouts); a more perfect forms of habitats (cottage) and contemporary residential facilities. Today, although of old houses in the rural area of northeastern Montenegro is not much else, nevertheless we can realize, what is the national builder was important in their construction. The tendency to revive the good old and functional forms of housing in rural areas of northeastern Montenegro today is fortunately more and more present. More and more people are that want to the existing old house renovation, both in regards to tradition, as well with oneself but appear and new architectural forms, which are inspired by the national architecture. What is required is a symbiosis of positive and negative forms and phenomena, which have to be that, pull out to light the strictly scientific analysis. Functional analysis of accelerated would stylistic synthesis the positive from the past and the negative the present

Uticaj različitog položaja grozdova na rodnom lastaru na rezultate proizvodnje klonova sorte Kaberne Sovinjon

In this paper the differences were examined between clones of Cabernet sauvignon (clones ISV-F-V5, ISV-F-V6 and R5), i.e. the difference between uvological properties of grape clusters and grape berries, based on the different positions on the bearing shoot. Tests were conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture 'Radmilovac'. Standard ampelographic methods were used in numerous analyses of grape yield, as well as uvological properties of clones. All data were statistically analyzed and processed by the method of two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measuring of one factor (height) and Tukey HSD test. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between clones. The best results were achieved with grape clusters positioned in the base of bearing shoot. The first positioned grape clusters on the bearing shoot had the highest share in the total grape yield, the highest amount of sugar, and the highest positioned grape clusters had higher content of total acids. The differences determined between examined clones were in regard to productivity and quality of grapes which reflected also on production value.U radu su utvrđene razlike između klonova sorte Kaberne Sovinjon, odnosno razlike između uvoloških svojstava grozda i bobice, na osnovu različitog položaja na lastaru. Za brojne analize prinosa grožđa, uvoloških svojstava klonova korišćene su standardne ampelografske metode. Svi podaci su statistički obrađeni po metodi dvofaktorske analize varijanse sa ponovljenim merenjima jednog faktora (visine) i Tukey HSD testa. Najbolji rezultati su postignuti kod grozdova u osnovi rodnog lastara. Prvi grozdovi po položaju na lastaru imaju najveće učešće u ukupnom prinosu grožđa, najveću količinu šećera, a najviši grozdovi imaju veći sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Između ispitivanih klonova su utvrđene razlike u pogledu produktivnosti i kvaliteta grozdova što se odrazilo i na vrednost proizvodnje

Some Aspects of Geographic Views on Motivational Factor the Tourist Movements: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

The paper presents some aspects of geographical view of the motivational factor tourist movements in northeastern Montenegro on example, the municipality Berane, Andrejevica and Plav. Bjelasica, high mountain range Komova, spatial zone Berane and Mountain system Prokletija providing opportunities for development of various types of mountain tourism, such as the sports and recreation, health, summer pasture, hiking, hunting, fishing … As another important group of attractive values of, appear attractive and social factors, which allow the counted among the following elements: cultural and historical monuments, cultural institutions, various cultural events ... Significant cultural and historical heritage of this part of north-eastern Montenegro, not yet adequately valorized. In order to achieve desired economic growth, change, renewal and improvement of the overall economy, it is understood and tourism, it is appropriate and adequate conception of development strategies. Assessment of the state of tourism is a prerequisite for defining the development goals, which fit into the overall vision of progress and active involvement in the immediate environment and the wider European mainstream

Managing raw materials in Vinča culture: a case study of osseous raw materials from Vitkovo

In analyses of material recovered from archaeological sites, a dichotomy often exists between ‘specialist’ and ‘archaeological’ studies. This is especially noticeable in the case of faunal remains and bone artefacts. Bone artefacts are sometimes treated separately from fauna with emphasis on typological data, or they can be left within the fauna with only a remark on ‘other taphonomic traces’, thereby overlooking technological features of these artefacts. However, bone industry provides excellent insight into technological choices regarding raw material exploitation, since the availability and mechanical properties of specific materials can be directly observed. In this paper we tried to link bone artefacts with other faunal remains on the basis of a case study of the Vinča culture site at Vitkovo with a special emphasis on the relations between butchering techniques and raw material selection and the relations between the economically most important species and the bones most commonly used in tool manufacture