38 research outputs found
Technical report: Optimization of the harvest stage for reducing cooking banana postharvest losses: a multi-criteria approach targeting matooke end-product.
This report presents results of RTB-ENDURE sub-output 1.3; âDetermining appropriate harvest time for the cooking bananas with intrinsic long shelf-life using physical, chemical and sensory attributesâ of the cooking banana business caseâs Output 1, entitled âIncreased access of farmers to cooking banana varieties with preferred quality attributes and intrinsic long shelf life traitsâ. The worked aimed at reducing postharvest losses for cooking banana while modulating harvest stage for green life extension. The originality of this investigation was to evaluate the putative impact of fruit stage of harvest onto its potential storage life and eating quality. The optimal harvest stage was evaluated by coupling three antagonist parameters, namely fruit diameter, green life, and eating quality, to optimize harvest stage of the variety Kibuzi in specific edapho-climatic conditions of Rakai and Isingiro districts in southwestern Uganda. A temperature record was considered in both sites between flowering and harvest. The interval between flowering and harvest (IFH) of Kibuzi banana variety was used as a quantitative explanatory variable, and the site location (Rakai at 1270 masl vs Isingiro at 1440 masl) was used as a qualitative one. Since the sites were at different altitudes, two Tynitag temperature data loggers were installed to record temperatures. Fruits size, dry matter, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and sensory attributes were recorded at four harvest stages: 112, 126, 138, 152 days and 111, 125, 137, 151 days after flowering. The evolution of three parameters; diameter of fruit, green life and overall acceptability of the end-product - Matooke - were simulated for 110 to 155 days range, leading to the identification of a range of optimal harvest ages for variety Kibuzi in Rakai at between 133 to 142 days and 133 to 150 days for Isingiro. The prediction of the optimal harvest stage will remain only valid for the two locations without taking into account thermal sum for establishing a strong relationship between fruit age in degree.days and green life. Given the respective altitudes at Rakai and Isingiro, it implies that the two edapho-climatic conditions were not so different in terms of on field temperature. With some more diverse thermal conditions in the experimental sites (lowland vs highland with at least 3°C needed between sites), the thermal sum concept will be even more precise for the prediction of the optimal harvest stage for bananas, regardless the location site (lowland, highland, with hot or cool local conditions). Such original multi-criteria approach (agro-morphological, physiological traits, and end-product sensory attributes) was relevant for the prediction of the optimal harvest stage, in order to reduce banana postharvest losses during transport and until Matooke preparation by end-users. Such innovative methodology can be applied to some other banana culinary recipes and end-uses
Suppression traductionnelle des codons stop chez les mammifĂšres
Nonsense mutations, also known as premature termination codons (PTCs) are responsible for 10% to 30% of all human genetic diseases. Nonsense translation suppression can be induced by readthrough inducers. The presence of such PTC leads to premature translation termination. These stop therapeutic strategies have emerged which attempt to use molecules that facilitate tRNA incorporation at the PTC (readthrough). The, translation continue in the same reading frame until the next stop codon. I first developed an innovative screening system I used to test more than 17,000 molecules and have identified one hit, TLN468 molecule. I have shown that this molecule is able to induce re-expression of an active p53 protein.I also characterized new compounds derived from aminoglycosides. I have shown that the NB124 induces apoptosis of tumor cells by re-expressing p53 protein while having a much lower toxicity than gentamicin.I developed a single molecule approach for studying the ribosome programmed errors (recoding). I was able to analyze the kinetics of elongation eukaryotic ribosomes and showed that the initiation of translation at an internal entry site (IRES) slows the ribosome during the first elongation cycle.Entre 10% et 30% des maladies humaines sont liĂ©es Ă l'apparition d'une mutation non-sens (PTC). La synthĂšse protĂ©ique est alors arrĂȘtĂ© prĂ©maturĂ©ment. Cet arrĂȘt peut ĂȘtre inhibĂ© par des molĂ©cules inductrices de translecture qui permettent lâincorporation dâun ARNt suppresseur naturel au niveau du PTC (translecture). Le ribosome peut alors franchir le PTC et restaurer lâexpression de la protĂ©ine.Au cours de ma thĂšse, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ© Ă la suppression des codons stop en caractĂ©risant de nouvelles molĂ©cules inductrices de translecture et en analysant les mĂ©canismes de la fidĂ©litĂ© de la traduction.Jâai tout dâabord mis au point un systĂšme de criblage innovant avec lequel jâai testĂ© plus de 17 000 molĂ©cules et identifiĂ© la molĂ©cule TLN468. Jâai pu mettre en Ă©vidence que cette molĂ©cule est capable dâinduire la rĂ©expression dâune protĂ©ine p53 active.J'ai aussi caractĂ©risĂ© de nouveaux composĂ©s dĂ©rivĂ©s dâaminoglycosides. Jâai pu montrĂ© que le NB124 est capable dâinduire lâapoptose de cellules tumorales via la rĂ©expression de la protĂ©ine p53 tout ayant une toxicitĂ© bien plus faible que la gentamicine.En parallĂšle, jâai dĂ©veloppĂ© une approche en molĂ©cule unique permettant dâĂ©tudier les erreurs programmĂ©es du ribosome (recodage). Jâai ainsi pu analyser la cinĂ©tique dâĂ©longation des ribosomes eucaryotes et montrĂ© que lâinitiation de la traduction sur un site dâentrĂ©e interne (IRES) ralentit le ribosome lors des premiers cycles dâĂ©longation
Translational suppression of stop codons in mammals
Entre 10% et 30% des maladies humaines sont liĂ©es Ă l'apparition d'une mutation non-sens (PTC). La synthĂšse protĂ©ique est alors arrĂȘtĂ© prĂ©maturĂ©ment. Cet arrĂȘt peut ĂȘtre inhibĂ© par des molĂ©cules inductrices de translecture qui permettent lâincorporation dâun ARNt suppresseur naturel au niveau du PTC (translecture). Le ribosome peut alors franchir le PTC et restaurer lâexpression de la protĂ©ine.Au cours de ma thĂšse, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ© Ă la suppression des codons stop en caractĂ©risant de nouvelles molĂ©cules inductrices de translecture et en analysant les mĂ©canismes de la fidĂ©litĂ© de la traduction.Jâai tout dâabord mis au point un systĂšme de criblage innovant avec lequel jâai testĂ© plus de 17 000 molĂ©cules et identifiĂ© la molĂ©cule TLN468. Jâai pu mettre en Ă©vidence que cette molĂ©cule est capable dâinduire la rĂ©expression dâune protĂ©ine p53 active.J'ai aussi caractĂ©risĂ© de nouveaux composĂ©s dĂ©rivĂ©s dâaminoglycosides. Jâai pu montrĂ© que le NB124 est capable dâinduire lâapoptose de cellules tumorales via la rĂ©expression de la protĂ©ine p53 tout ayant une toxicitĂ© bien plus faible que la gentamicine.En parallĂšle, jâai dĂ©veloppĂ© une approche en molĂ©cule unique permettant dâĂ©tudier les erreurs programmĂ©es du ribosome (recodage). Jâai ainsi pu analyser la cinĂ©tique dâĂ©longation des ribosomes eucaryotes et montrĂ© que lâinitiation de la traduction sur un site dâentrĂ©e interne (IRES) ralentit le ribosome lors des premiers cycles dâĂ©longation.Nonsense mutations, also known as premature termination codons (PTCs) are responsible for 10% to 30% of all human genetic diseases. Nonsense translation suppression can be induced by readthrough inducers. The presence of such PTC leads to premature translation termination. These stop therapeutic strategies have emerged which attempt to use molecules that facilitate tRNA incorporation at the PTC (readthrough). The, translation continue in the same reading frame until the next stop codon. I first developed an innovative screening system I used to test more than 17,000 molecules and have identified one hit, TLN468 molecule. I have shown that this molecule is able to induce re-expression of an active p53 protein.I also characterized new compounds derived from aminoglycosides. I have shown that the NB124 induces apoptosis of tumor cells by re-expressing p53 protein while having a much lower toxicity than gentamicin.I developed a single molecule approach for studying the ribosome programmed errors (recoding). I was able to analyze the kinetics of elongation eukaryotic ribosomes and showed that the initiation of translation at an internal entry site (IRES) slows the ribosome during the first elongation cycle
Timing the ribosome with fluorescent markers
séminaire, 23 mai au laboratoire LPEM, ESPCI, présenté par Nathalie Westbroo
Cinétique de traduction eucaryote en molécule unique ou comment chronométrer un ribosome mammifÚre grùce à l'optique (Poster)
Poster présenté par Nathalie BarbierNational audienc
Toward the study of eukaryotic translation recoding events by single molecule fluorescence microscopy (Orale)
communication orale invitée (session étudiante) présentée par Nathalie BarbierInternational audienc
Characterization of new-generation aminoglycoside promoting premature termination codon readthrough in cancer cells
Nonsense mutations, generating premature termination codons (PTCs), account for 10% to 30% of the mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Nonsense translational suppression, induced by small molecules including gentamicin and G418, has been suggested as a potential therapy to counteract the deleterious effects of nonsense mutations in several genetic diseases and cancers. We describe here that NB124, a synthetic aminoglycoside derivative recently developed especially for PTC suppression, strongly induces apoptosis in human tumor cells by promoting high level of PTC readthrough. Using a reporter system, we showed that NB124 suppressed several of the PTCs encountered in tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 and APC genes. We also showed that NB124 counteracted p53 mRNA degradation by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Both PTC suppression and mRNA stabilization contributed to the production of a full-length p53 protein capable of activating p53-dependent genes, thereby specifically promoting high levels of apoptosis. This new-generation aminoglycoside thus outperforms the only clinically available readthrough inducer (gentamicin). These results have important implications for the development of personalised treatments of PTC-dependent diseases and for the development of new drugs modifying translation fidelity
A comparative kinetic study of non-canonical eukaryotic translation initiation with IRES structures by single molecule fluorescence microscopy
International audienc