Automated extraction of hyperbolic reflections and data processing from radargrams acquired by GPR scanning technology

Докторска дисертација посвећена је области аутоматизоване обраде радарграма формираних применом георадара. Развијени су и имплементирани нови алгоритми за аутоматизовану детекцију и одређивање координата темена хиперболичних рефлексија као и издвајање координата тачака на њиховим крацима. Све анализе и верификацијe су извршене над реалним и синтетичким подацима.Doktorska disertacija posvećena je oblasti automatizovane obrade radargrama formiranih primenom georadara. Razvijeni su i implementirani novi algoritmi za automatizovanu detekciju i određivanje koordinata temena hiperboličnih refleksija kao i izdvajanje koordinata tačaka na njihovim kracima. Sve analize i verifikacije su izvršene nad realnim i sintetičkim podacima.PhD thesis is dedicated to the field of automated processing of radargrams formed by the application of GPR. New algorithms for automated detection and determination of the coordinates of the apexes of hyperbolic reflections as well as the extraction of the coordinates of points on their prongs have been developed and implemented. All analyzes and verifications were performed on real and synthetic data

How to Design Track Access Charges for Small Railways – A Montenegro Case Study

In 1991, the European Union decided on setting up a liberalised and single railway market. However, in the atomised European region, more than a half of railways can be designated as small railways. For the very reason of significant differences between the national railway systems, the EU legislation has laid broad grounds for track access charge (TAC) modelling, thus resulting in many different TAC models. Out of numerous papers in respect of TAC modelling, only a small number consider the specificities and the needs of small railways. The paper aims to answer the questions of how to design or set up an efficient TAC structure when it comes to small countries. Another objective is to answer how to develop a TAC structure allowing the infrastructure manager to manage its costs. The answers to these questions are provided through the case study of railway in Montenegro – small railways in the Western Balkans. The main contribution of this paper is in developing the TAC model based on the efficient ratio of the capacity and infrastructure wear and tear components

Generalized Model of Real-Time Deformation Measurements and its Experimental Verification

Technology development enabled real-time monitoring of terrain and artificial structures through the use of the systems comprised of geodetic and geotechnical sensors. Although the structure and the architecture of those systems can vary, they have many common features: automated measurements which provide monitoring and alarming when tolerances are exceeded, systems robustness involving hot-swapping sensors, its redundancy and error detection. Also, they can be structured and configured to achieve desired functionality and performance. Generalized model of real-time deformation measurements, presented in this paper, involves these common characteristics. The model is presented as a flowchart, and later applied within an experiment carried out in laboratory environment. The established system includes geodetic and geotechnical sensors and measurements are done on a physical model of a landslide. Several functions included in generalized model were implemented in the experiment. Results show that system designed using the proposed model can provide required functionality, accuracy, robustness and configurability. Aim of the paper is to propose a general procedure which, with minor modifications, can be applied as a starting point in designing various systems for monitoring landslides, bridges, high buildings etc., and which overcomes some limitations that can be found in commercial software solutions

N,Nʼ -Cyclic azomethine imines as precursors in the synthesis of novel derivatives of pyrazolopyrazolones

Apstrakt: N,N′-Biciklični heterocikli poput pirazolopirazolona su čest strukturni fragment brojnih farmaceutskih, agrohemijskih i drugih biološki aktivnih jedinjenja. Jedna od najefikasnijih strategija za sintezu ovog tipa jedinjenja se zasniva na 1,3- dipolarnoj cikloadiciji azometinimina. Iako su proučavane brojne cikloadicije azometinimina sa različitim dipolarofilima, nismo naišli na radove o primeni enona koji sadrže vinil-grupu kao dipolarofil. Reakcija različitih vinil-enona i N,N′-cikličnih azometinimina sa AlCl3 kao katalizatorom se pokazala kao odličan način za sintezu serije 6-acil-5- feniltetrahidropirazolo[1,2-a]pirazol-1(5H)-ona u umerenim do odličnim prinosima (do 98%). Kako je dobro poznato da uvođenje ferocenske grupe u molekul, može poboljšati biološku aktivnost kod nekih jedinjenja, u nastavku istraživanja smo proučavali cikloadiciju akriloilferocena sa različitim N,N’-cikličnim azometiniminima. Dobijena je serija tetrahidropirazolopirazolona koji sadrže ferocen u dobrim prinosima (do 70%). Sva novosintetisana jedinjenja su okarakterisana spektroskopskim tehnikama ( 1H NMR, 13C NMR i IR), a četiri proizvoda su bila pogodna i za kristalografska ispitivanja. Takođe, ispitivana je i antimikrobna aktivnost svih jedinjenja, a pirazoloni sa ferocenom su proučavani i u pogledu antioksidativne aktivnosti, elektrohemijskih svojstava i interakcije sa COX-2 pomoću studija molekulskog dokovanja. Odlična aktivnost neutralisanja DPPH• i ABTS•+ radikala je primećena kod većine testiranih jedinjenja, a studije molekulskog dokovanja su pokazale da neka jedinjenja imaju potencijal da postanu vodeći molekuli u procesu stvaranja novih lekova.Abstract: Numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other biologically active compounds have N,N′-bicyclic heterocycles such as pyrazolopyrazolones in the role of a frequent structural fragment. One of the most efficient strategies for the construction of such fused skeletons relies on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine imines. Despite the wide range of the investigated cycloadditions of azomethine imines with various dipolarophiles, we have not found any report on the usage of enones that contain vinyl group. The reaction of different vinyl enones and N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with AlCl3 as catalyst proved to be an excellent way to synthesize series of 6-acyl-5- phenyltetrahydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1(5H)-ones in moderate to excellent chemical yields (up to 98%). Moreover, it is well known that the presence of ferrocene moiety increases a bioactivity of some compounds and consequently we decided to explore the cycloaddition of acryloylferrocene with various N,N’-cyclic azomethine imines. A series of ferrocene-containing tetrahydropyrazolopyrazolones was obtained in good yields (up to 70%). All the newly synthesized compounds are characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR), and four examples were suitable for the crystallographic examinations. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were inspected for all products, and ferrocene-containing pyrazolones were also investigated in terms of antioxidant activity, electrochemical properties, and interaction with COX-2 by molecular docking studies. An excellent DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity were observed for majority of tested compounds and molecular docking studies revealed that some compounds have potential to become leading molecules in drug discovery process

Bridging the gap between infrastructure capacity allocation and market-oriented railway: an algorithmic approach

The European Commission initiated the process of liberalization and introducing competition in the European railway sector more than twenty-five years ago. Despite the liberalization of the railway sector, train paths are currently administratively allocated in all EU countries using the train service priority criterion, which may not treat all train operators equally. This is especially evident in those network sections where demand exceeds the available capacity. In these situations, economic theory suggests the implementation of a market-based mechanism for allocation of capacity, such as auctions. However, due to its incompatibilities with priority criteria in the process of the capacity allocation, it is necessary to develop a new procedure to support the implementation of an auction. In this paper, the proposed algorithm fills the technological gap between train timetable design and train operator requests. The new algorithm for decentralized capacity allocation is the result of a multidimensional approach, which encompasses setting new relations between train operators and the infrastructure manager, train timetable drafting and resolving the conflicting request. In addition, the algorithm provides a feasible solution ensuring equal treatment of train operators and efficient allocation, in order to foster the development of the competition in the European rail market. First published online 10 September 201

Construction and Characterisation of Double Layer Capacitors

Electrochemical double-layer capacitor (also called supercapacitor) is an electrochemical energy storage device with a high power density, which could be used in application such as pulse power devices or electric vehicles. The paper describes construction of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor that consists of two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte with a separator between them. One electrode consists of a current collector in contact with the active material, while the other one is a counter electrode. Commercially available activated carbon (AC) material, Composite RuO2 + AC and natural copper sulfides are used as the active electrode material. Characterization has been performed by an electrochemical system fully developed at Technical Faculty in Bor. The system is based on a PC P4, a commercially available ADDA converter and an external interface for analog signal processing. The software platform is LabVIEW 8.2 package and application software is adapted to investigations of the systems containing high capacitances

Influence of nuclear radiation and laser beams on optical fibers and components

The influence of nuclear radiation and particles has been the object of investigation for a long time. For new materials and systems the research should be continued. Human activities in various environments, including space, call for more detailed research. The role of fibers in contemporary communications, medicine, and industry increases. Fibers, their connections and fused optics components have one type of tasks - the transmission of information and power. The other type of tasks is reserved for fiber lasers: quantum generators and amplifiers. The third type of tasks is for fiber sensors, including high energy nuclear physics. In this paper we present some chosen topics in the mentioned areas as well as our experiments with nuclear radiation and laser beams to fiber and bulk materials of various nature (glass, polymer, metallic, etc.)

Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) : Chemoselective synthesis of multifunctional ferrocene-containing derivatives by the cross Rauhut-Currier reaction

Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Detailed experimental procedures, spectral characterisation (including copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra) of all new compounds, crystallographic data and CIF file. CCDC 2095955. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/D1RA07619ASupplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07619A

Rasejanje svetlosti i tehnike u biološkim i biomedicinskim problemima

Biološke i biomedicinske sredine sadrže veliki broj čestica različitog oblika i veličine koje predstavljaju potencijalne centre rasejanja laserske svetlosti u analizi dinamike i strukture biološke materije. U zavisnosti od oblika, veličina i medjusobne interakcije rasejavača, sredina se modeluje na različite načine. Proučavanjem problema rasejanja svetlosti u biološkim sredinama pojavljuje se potreba za razmatranjem dva krajnja slučaja u kojima se analiziraju centri rasejanja kao nezavisni, i slučajevi kod kojih postoji interakcija. U tom slučaju korelacione funkcije se eksplctitno ne mogu izbeći. Među– slučajevi (između pomenuta dva krajnja) se razmatraju u raznim stepenima interakcija među centrima; problem modelovanja postaje znatno složeniji. U radu je redstavljen jedan način modelovanja ansambla rasejavača biološke sredine čiji se oblik može smatrati cilindričnim. Ovakav model je primenljiv na veliki broj bioloških sistema u kojima su rasejavači svetlosti razni mikroorganizmi, (bakterije, virusi, gljivice i dr), ili pak, neki drugi elementi živih tkiva.Biomedic and biologic media consist on a large number of particles with different dimensions and shapes representing potential laser light scattering centers in analyse of dynamics and structure of biologic substance. Dependence on shape, dimensions and mutual interactions of scatterers medium is modelled in various ways. The studing some problems of light scattering light in biological media has to be considered as two boundary major cases: the analyses of independent centres of scattering, and the case where the centres are mutualy dependent objects. In such case correlation functions are explicite non avoidable. The cases between the major two, are considered on different levels of interaction between centres; modelling roblem becomes more complex. Modelling of the scatterrers ansamble in biological media where the the cyilindrical geometry is in case is anaysed in this paper. This model could be applied to many biological systems where the scatterrers are different microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, micose etc.), or some other parts of the living tissue

Rasejanje svetlosti i tehnike u biološkim i biomedicinskim problemima

Biološke i biomedicinske sredine sadrže veliki broj čestica različitog oblika i veličine koje predstavljaju potencijalne centre rasejanja laserske svetlosti u analizi dinamike i strukture biološke materije. U zavisnosti od oblika, veličina i medjusobne interakcije rasejavača, sredina se modeluje na različite načine. Proučavanjem problema rasejanja svetlosti u biološkim sredinama pojavljuje se potreba za razmatranjem dva krajnja slučaja u kojima se analiziraju centri rasejanja kao nezavisni, i slučajevi kod kojih postoji interakcija. U tom slučaju korelacione funkcije se eksplctitno ne mogu izbeći. Među– slučajevi (između pomenuta dva krajnja) se razmatraju u raznim stepenima interakcija među centrima; problem modelovanja postaje znatno složeniji. U radu je redstavljen jedan način modelovanja ansambla rasejavača biološke sredine čiji se oblik može smatrati cilindričnim. Ovakav model je primenljiv na veliki broj bioloških sistema u kojima su rasejavači svetlosti razni mikroorganizmi, (bakterije, virusi, gljivice i dr), ili pak, neki drugi elementi živih tkiva.Biomedic and biologic media consist on a large number of particles with different dimensions and shapes representing potential laser light scattering centers in analyse of dynamics and structure of biologic substance. Dependence on shape, dimensions and mutual interactions of scatterers medium is modelled in various ways. The studing some problems of light scattering light in biological media has to be considered as two boundary major cases: the analyses of independent centres of scattering, and the case where the centres are mutualy dependent objects. In such case correlation functions are explicite non avoidable. The cases between the major two, are considered on different levels of interaction between centres; modelling roblem becomes more complex. Modelling of the scatterrers ansamble in biological media where the the cyilindrical geometry is in case is anaysed in this paper. This model could be applied to many biological systems where the scatterrers are different microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, micose etc.), or some other parts of the living tissue