392 research outputs found
[Fertility in Spain, 1996-2006: foreign versus Spanish women].
OBJECTIVES: To determine fertility trends in Spain and whether women's specific fertility rates differ by age and nationality during the period 1996-2006. METHODS: We performed a population-based, cross-sectional study. Direct standardization was used to compare fertility rates by nationality. Foreign versus Spanish women's fertility rates by age and the period under review were compared by a generalized linear model. The trend by nationality was described by time plots and was analyzed by simple linear regression models. RESULTS: Foreign women had more children (total fertility rate: 2 versus 1.2) and at younger age. The upward trend observed in the fertility of Spanish women (p<0.001) was primarily due to increased fertility in older mothers (35 years and older). The fertility of foreign women aged < or =19 was six times higher than that of Spanish women (rate ratio: 6.00, 95% CI: 2.60-13.86). CONCLUSIONS: The fertility pattern of foreign women differs from that of Spanish women and is mainly characterized by higher fertility, especially in younger women (< or =19 years). This pattern may be associated with social and cultural differences. Prevention and sexual educational policies should be reformulated to take into account the specific sociocultural characteristics of this group and to adapt prevention messages to their cultural context
Mastitis diagnosis in ten Galician dairy herds (NW Spain) with automatic milking systems
Over the last few years, the adoption of automatic milking systems (AMS) has experienced significant increase. However, hardly any studies have been conducted to investigate the distribution of mastitis pathogens in dairy herds with AMS. Because quick mastitis detection in AMS is very important, the primary objective of this study was to determine operational reliability and sensibility of mastitis detection systems from AMS. Additionally, the frequency of pathogen-specific was determined. For this purpose, 228 cows from ten farms in Galicia (NW Spain) using this system were investigated. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was considered the gold-standard test for mastitis diagnosis and milk samples were analysed from CMT-positive cows for the bacterial examination. Mean farm prevalence of clinical mastitis was 9% and of 912 milk quarters examined, 23% were positive to the AMS mastitis detection system and 35% were positive to the CMT. The majority of CMT-positive samples had a score of 1 or 2 on a 1 (lowest mastitis severity) to 4 (highest mastitis severity) scale. The average sensitivity and specificity of the AMS mastitis detection system were 58.2% and 94.0% respectively being similar to other previous studies, what could suggest limitations for getting higher values of reliability and sensibility in the current AMSs. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Streptococcus dysgalactiae (8.8%), followed by Streptococcus uberis (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.3%). The relatively high prevalence of these pathogens indicates suboptimal cleaning and disinfection of teat dipping cups, brushes and milk liners in dairy farms with AMS in the present study
Liderazgo resonante. Un análisis a través de grupos de discusión
This article aims to delve into the qualitative analysis, through the results of several focus groups, in order to discover how such leadership is perceived by young people who have alternated studies with part-time work and have some professional experience and teamwork. This type of leadership comes at a cultural moment where emotional intelligence has become a commonplace in schools, business and personal, in an occasion where this type of intelligence is promoted, estimated and found increasingly as necessary.El presente artículo pretende adentrarse en el análisis cualitativo- a través de los resultados de varios grupos de discusión- con el fin de descubrir de qué modo este tipo de liderazgo es percibido por jóvenes que han alternado los estudios con un trabajo parcial y poseen cierta experiencia profesional y de trabajo en equipo. Este tipo de liderazgo surge en un momento sociocultural donde la inteligencia emocional se ha hecho ya un lugar común en las escuelas, mundo empresarial y esfera personal, en una ocasión donde este tipo de inteligencia se promueve, es estima y se descubre cada vez más como necesario
40 years of Acta Botanica Malacitana
40 años de Acta Botanica Malacitana. Se realiza una recensión de los 38 volúmenes de Acta Botanica Malacitana, así como de los dos números de Trabajos y Monografías del Departamento de Botánica. Así mismo se realiza un análisis bibliométrico y se construyen varios índices de autores, temáticas y novedades corológicas, taxonómicas y sintaxonómica
B2G4: A synthetic data pipeline for the integration of Blender models in Geant4 simulation toolkit
The correctness and precision of particle physics simulation software, such
as Geant4, is expected to yield results that closely align with real-world
observations or well-established theoretical predictions. Notably, the accuracy
of these simulated outcomes is contingent upon the software's capacity to
encapsulate detailed attributes, including its prowess in generating or
incorporating complex geometrical constructs. While the imperatives of
precision and accuracy are essential in these simulations, the need to manually
code highly detailed geometries emerges as a salient bottleneck in developing
software-driven physics simulations. This research proposes Blender-to-Geant4
(B2G4), a modular data workflow that utilizes Blender to create 3D scenes,
which can be exported as geometry input for Geant4. B2G4 offers a range of
tools to streamline the creation of simulation scenes with multiple complex
geometries and realistic material properties. Here, we demonstrate the use of
B2G4 in a muon scattering tomography application to image the interior of a
sealed steel structure. The modularity of B2G4 paves the way for the designed
scenes and tools to be embedded not only in Geant4, but in other scientific
applications or simulation software.Comment: submitted for review at the Muographers 2023 conference. Initial
version. 6 pages, 4 figure
Evolution of Research into the Management of Family Businesses that are Part of the Instituto de la Empresa Familiar Network of Chairs (1992-2016)
The family business field of study has grown considerably in recent years in Spain. In fact, it is no exaggeration to say that twenty years ago there was barely any research in this field. In 1992, exactly 25 years ago, a group of family entrepreneurs founded the Instituto de la Empresa Familiar (IEF). IEF created the Chair in Family Business at Spanish universities to foster its inclusion in Business Administration syllabuses and promote its research by Spanish academics. This paper analyses the evolution of research into family businesses carried out by academics who are part of the IEF Network of Chairs, both at international and management level. To do this, the ISI Web of Knowledge database and Scopus were used as sources of information
Look ATME: The Discriminator Mean Entropy Needs Attention
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are successfully used for image
synthesis but are known to face instability during training. In contrast,
probabilistic diffusion models (DMs) are stable and generate high-quality
images, at the cost of an expensive sampling procedure. In this paper, we
introduce a simple method to allow GANs to stably converge to their theoretical
optimum, while bringing in the denoising machinery from DMs. These models are
combined into a simpler model (ATME) that only requires a forward pass during
inference, making predictions cheaper and more accurate than DMs and popular
GANs. ATME breaks an information asymmetry existing in most GAN models in which
the discriminator has spatial knowledge of where the generator is failing. To
restore the information symmetry, the generator is endowed with knowledge of
the entropic state of the discriminator, which is leveraged to allow the
adversarial game to converge towards equilibrium. We demonstrate the power of
our method in several image-to-image translation tasks, showing superior
performance than state-of-the-art methods at a lesser cost. Code is available
at https://github.com/DLR-MI/atmeComment: Accepted for the CVPR 2023 Workshop on Generative Models for Computer
Vision, https://generative-vision.github.io/workshop-CVPR-23
Routines, Time Dedication and Habit Changes in Spanish Homes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. A Large Cross-Sectional Survey
Many countries chose to establish social distancing as lockdowns after the COVID-19 outbreak. Households had to adapt their day-to-day lifestyles to new circumstances, affecting routines and time dedication to tasks. This national study was carried out to find out how the confinement by COVID-19 affected Spanish households on the perceived habit changes during this period, in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics and household composition. An online questionnaire was launched during the COVID-19 lockdown, from 30 April to 22 June 2020. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, stratified by gender, on time dedication, routine, home leaving, and habit change variables. Chi-square tests were used to explore the relations of significance with socio-demographic characteristics and home composition. All contrast analyses were performed for a 95% confidence level (significance considered for p < 0.05). In total, 1673 respondents participated from different age groups, educational level, employment status and household composition. Sixty percent of respondents maintained their routines. A third tried to establish a new one, being related to women, young people, not a university student, and living with others, including minors. Regarding dedication to tasks, adults aged 35-54 years, with more cohabitants, especially women, devoted themselves intensively to the home or to care, while those under 35 were dedicated more to rest, leisure, television or reading. People with university studies were more related to teleworking. The frequency of going outside was related to gender, age, educational level and living with elders, specifically for grocery shopping and taking out garbage. Changes in habits, routines and time dedication in confinement were strongly linked to the sociodemographic and coexistence conditions in Spanish homes. The greatest impacts were suffered by women, people with children, and adults between 35-54 years of age, especially on care and domestic chores.This research was funded by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), grant number 202060E225, entitled: “Proyecto sobre confinamiento social (COVID-19), vivienda y habitabilidad [COVID-HAB]”.S
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