Experimental and computational studies of fatty acid distribution networks

[Abstract] Unbalanced uptake of Omega 6/Omega 3 (ω-6/ω-3) ratios could increase chronic disease occurrences, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, or tumor proliferation, and methylation methods for measuring the ruminal microbiome fatty acid (FA) composition/distribution play a vital role in discovering the contribution of food components to ruminant products (e.g., meat and milk) when pursuing a healthy diet. Hansch's models based on Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) using physicochemical parameters, such as partition coefficients, molar refractivity, and polarizability, as input variables (Vk) are advocated. In this work, a new combined experimental and theoretical strategy was proposed to study the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratios, FA chemical structure, and other factors over FA distribution networks in the ruminal microbiome. In step 1, experiments were carried out to measure long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in the rumen microbiome (bacterial and protozoan), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in fermentation media. In step 2, the proportions and physicochemical parameter values of LCFAs and VFAs were calculated under different boundary conditions (cj) like c1 = acid and/or base methylation treatments, c2 = with/without fermentation, c3 = FA distribution phase (media, bacterial, or protozoan microbiome), etc. In step 3, Perturbation Theory (PT) and LFER ideas were combined to develop a PT-LFER model of a FA distribution network using physicochemical parameters (Vk), the corresponding Box–Jenkins (ΔVkj) and PT operators (ΔΔVkj) in statistical analysis. The best PT-LFER model found predicted the effects of perturbations over the FA distribution network with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy > 80% for 407[thin space (1/6-em)]655 cases in training + external validation series. In step 4, alternative PT-LFER and PT-NLFER models were tested for training Linear and Non-Linear Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). PT-NLFER models based on ANNs presented better performance but are more complicated than the PT-LFER model. Last, in step 5, the PT-LFER model based on LDA was used to reconstruct the complex networks of perturbations in the FA distribution and compared the giant components of the observed and predicted networks with random Erdős–Rényi network models. In short, our new PT-LFER model is a useful tool for predicting a distribution network in terms of specific fatty acid distribution.Red Gallega de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos; Ref. R2014/039Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/00280Red Gallega de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos; R2014/02

Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México

Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México   El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la raza paterna (Charollais, Dorset y Texel), utilizando ovejas Hampshire, sexo y tipo de nacimiento de la cría, en características de la canal de los corderos. Después del destete (74±8 días), 45 corderos de estas cruzas se finalizaron durante 63 días, consumiendo una dieta balanceada con 14% de PC y 2.82 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. Los corderos se pesaron y se sacrificaron a los 137 días de edad; posteriormente, se tomaron medidas de peso y rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, área del ojo de chuleta, espesor de grasa subcutánea, longitud de canal, longitud de pierna, perímetro de grupa y se calculó el índice de compacidad de la canal; además se determinó la composición regional de la canal (espaldilla, bajos, badal, pierna, cuello, y costillar). Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo mixto. Los corderos de padre Charollais tuvieron el mayor (P<0.05) área del ojo de chuleta (20.1±0.5 cm2), mientras que los de padre Dorset fueron superiores (P<0.05) en longitud interna de la canal (66.3±0.9 cm) y longitud de pierna (34.8±0.3 cm). Los machos superaron a las hembras (P<0.05) en la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Los corderos de parto sencillo tuvieron medias mayores que los de parto doble (P<0.05) en espesor de la grasa subcutánea y longitud de la pierna. En general, las cruzas con Charollais y Dorset mostraron superioridad en las características de la canal.     Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México   El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la raza paterna (Charollais, Dorset y Texel), utilizando ovejas Hampshire, sexo y tipo de nacimiento de la cría, en características de la canal de los corderos. Después del destete (74±8 días), 45 corderos de estas cruzas se finalizaron durante 63 días, consumiendo una dieta balanceada con 14% de PC y 2.82 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. Los corderos se pesaron y se sacrificaron a los 137 días de edad; posteriormente, se tomaron medidas de peso y rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, área del ojo de chuleta, espesor de grasa subcutánea, longitud de canal, longitud de pierna, perímetro de grupa y se calculó el índice de compacidad de la canal; además se determinó la composición regional de la canal (espaldilla, bajos, badal, pierna, cuello, y costillar). Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo mixto. Los corderos de padre Charollais tuvieron el mayor (P<0.05) área del ojo de chuleta (20.1±0.5 cm2), mientras que los de padre Dorset fueron superiores (P<0.05) en longitud interna de la canal (66.3±0.9 cm) y longitud de pierna (34.8±0.3 cm). Los machos superaron a las hembras (P<0.05) en la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Los corderos de parto sencillo tuvieron medias mayores que los de parto doble (P<0.05) en espesor de la grasa subcutánea y longitud de la pierna. En general, las cruzas con Charollais y Dorset mostraron superioridad en las características de la canal.     The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of sire breed (Charollais, Dorset and Texel), utilizing Hampshire ewes, lamb sex and birth type, on carcass traits of the lambs. After weaning (74±8 d), 45 lambs from these crosses were fattened during 63 d, consuming a balanced diet with 14% CP and 2.82 Mcal of ME/kg of DM. Lambs were weighed and slaughtered at 137 d of age; later, measures on slaughter weight and yield of hot and cold carcass, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat, carcass length, leg length, and rump perimeter were taken and the carcass compactness index was calculated. In addition, the carcass regional composition (shoulder, chest-belly, anterior-loin, leg, neck, and rear-loin) was determined. Data were analyzed utilizing a mixed model. Charollais-sired lambs had the highest (P<0.05) rib eye area (20.1±0.5 cm2), while Dorset-sired lambs were superior (P<0.05) in carcass length (66.3±0.9 cm) and leg length (34.8±0.3 cm). Ram lambs surpassed ewe lambs (P<0.05) in most traits analyzed. Lambs born as singles had higher means than twin lambs (P<0.05) in subcutaneous fat and leg length. In general, crosses with Charollais and Dorset showed superiority in carcass traits

Documentación e información para mayores: actividades formación en competencias informacionales en el Centro de Mayores de Santa Engracia (Madrid)

Memoria final de un proyecto con alumnos del Grado en Información y Documentación y dos Centros de Mayores del Ayuntamiento de Madrid

Dataset of methane and gas pressure for Experimental and Perturbation Study of Methane Production and Fatty Acid Metabolism-Distribution in Ruminal Microbiome

<p>This is the full dataset of Methane and gas pressure for calculating fatty acid metobolism PT-LFER model</p

Dataset for Experimental and Perturbation Study of Methane Production and Fatty Acid Metabolism-Distribution in Ruminal Microbiome

<p>The origin dataset</p

Influence of supplemental phytase on growth performance, digestion and phosphorus balance of lambs fed sorghum-based diets

Phosphorus excretion in lambs from urine and faeces is considerably high due to elevated concentration of grains in the diets. This study evaluated the effect of supplemental phytase on in vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD), feed intake, growth performance, total tract digestion and phosphorus (P) balance in finishing lambs fed sorghum-based diets. An exogenous phytase mixture was added at dosage of 0, 750, 1500 and 2250 FTU (phytase units) per kg diet as fed. Thirty-two finishing lambs (21.5&plusmn;2.2 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to those diets and fed for 60 d. The P concentration in the diets varied between 2.0 to 2.4 mg/kg dry matter (DM). Inclusion of phytase in the diet had no effect on IVDMD. However, total tract digestion of DM, NDF and P were linearly (P<0.01) improved as phytase level increased. Phosphorus intake and excretion (urine and faeces) were not affected (P>0.05) by phytase, but P retention showed a linear increment as the enzyme increased in the diet. Growth performance of lambs was not affected by phytase. Therefore, phytase supplementation improved P digestion and retention, but it did not change P excretion and growth performance in finishing lambs fed sorghum-based diets

STD Dataset for Experimental and Perturbation Study of Methane Production and Fatty Acid Metabolism-Distribution in Ruminal Microbiome

<p>the full dataset after standardize</p

Livestock sector contribution to the Mexican economy. An analysis from the Input Product

La economía mexicana ha impulsado su crecimiento principalmente por las actividades terciarias, relegando a las actividades primarias a un último lugar de importancia. A pesar de esto, la producción primaria continúa siendo muy importante para el desarrollo de otros sectores, ya que es un fuerte impulsor de la actividad económica; por ello, este trabajo se enfoca en analizar la contribución del sector pecuario en la economía, destacando sus aportes a la producción nacional y su relevancia en la demanda intermedia. Este aporte se analizó mediante la Matriz Insumo Producto, la cual permitió conocer la oferta y demanda intersectorial, identificando los sectores más importantes en la economía. Se identificó que los principales encadenamientos productivos de las actividades pecuarias se encuentran en su interior, con una demanda de insumos del 69 % para los sistemas ovino-caprino, 52 % para el bovino, 46 % para el porcino y el 45 % para el avícola. Las ramas como el cultivo de oleaginosas y cereales siguen representando una proporción importante en su esquema de insumos. En lo que se refiere al multiplicador del producto, la explotación avícola (2.28) y la explotación porcina (2.24) fueron impulsores del desarrollo económico, debido al apalancamiento que representan para otros sectores de la economía, como oleaginosas, cereales y elaboración de alimentos para animales como los principales.The Mexican economy had boosted its growth primarily by tertiary activities, relegating the primary activities to the last place of importance. Despite this, primary production continues being very important for the development of other sectors, since it is a strong driver of economic activity; for this reason, this work focuses on analyzing the contribution of the livestock sector in the economy, highlighting their contributions to the national production and its relevance in the intermediate demand. This contribution was analyzed using the input output matrix, which allows to knowing the offer and demand cross-sector, identifying the most important sectors in the economy. Productive linkages were identified with inner livestock production activities and the input demand, ovine-caprine systems used 69 %, bovine used 52 %, swine 46 % and poultry system used 45 %. Branches such as the cultivation of cereals and oilseeds remain a significant proportion in its pattern of inputs. In regards to the multiplier of the product, swine systems (2.28) and poultry (2.24) drove the economic development, because the leverage that represents for other sectors like oilseeds, cereals and animal feed industry

Effect of exogenous xylanase on rumen in vitro gas production and degradability of wheat straw

In Mongolia, the low and seasonal yield of native pastures causes a feed gap between the annual pasture provision and the requirements of grazing ruminants. Therefore, there is a growing need to improve the feeding value of locally available resources such as wheat straw for supplementary feeding. Wheat straw constitutes an important source of roughage for ruminants. It typically contain more than 70% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a dry matter (DM) basis, with less than 40% total digestive tract digestibility of the NDF, even under ideal feeding conditions (NRC 2001).The objective of this study was to determine effects of xylanase on in vitro gas production (GP) and in sacco degradability of wheat straw. Rumen fluid was obtained from three Mongolian native goats fitted with permanent rumen cannulas. The trial consisted of five doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 μL/g of substrate) of a commercial xylanase (Dyadic® xylanase PLUS, Dyadic International, Inc., Jupiter, FL, USA). For the in sacco degradability, different levels of xylanase enzyme were added directly onto 2 g of wheat straw in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h to estimate degradability of wheat straw. Total GP increased (P < 0.001) at all times of incubation at intermediate levels of xylanase. Methane production had a similar pattern at 3 and 12 h of incubation; increased linearly at 24 h of incubation, and was unaffected at 6 and 48 h of incubation. Rumen NH3-N concentration increased linearly at 3 h and the highest values were observed with intermediate enzyme levels. All ruminal volatile fatty acids increased linearly with intermediate levels of the fibrolytic enzyme. The in sacco rate of dry matter degradation decreased linearly (P = 0.020) with increasing enzymes. Intermediate levels of xylanase improved rumen kinetic fermentation and degradability. The outcome of this research indicated that the application of xylanase enzyme could improve in vitro GP fermentation of wheat straw

Characterization of sheep carcasses produced in Mexico.

Se caracterizaron 1,000 canales ovinas producidas en México. Los datos se procesaron a través de estadística descriptiva y mediante un diseño totalmente al azar. Del total de canales evaluadas 82.2 % correspondieron a machos y 17.8 % hembras. Se identificaron 53 genotipos (11 razas puras y 42 cruzamientos diversos). El peso al faenado promedió 43.2 ± 7.2 kg (20.4 a 85.7), el peso medio de la canal fría fue 22.0 ± 4.1 kg (11.3 a 50.0) y tuvo un rendimiento medio de 50.0 ± 5.1 % (34.7 a 73.5), el área del ojo de chuleta promedió 14.8 ± 3.8 cm2 (2.7 a 29.7), el espesor de la grasa subcutánea promedió 3.1 ± 1.6 mm (1.0 a 10.0) y el pH 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.0 a 6.5). El sistema de producción intensiva mostró mayores valores en peso a la matanza, peso de la canal fría y área del ojo de chuleta (44.4 ± 5.9 kg, 22.8 ± 3.3 kg y 15.5 ± 3.6 cm2, respectivamente) que el semiintensivo (43.6 ± 5.3 kg, 19.9 ± 3.1 kg y 13.8 ± 2.5 cm2) y el extensivo (36.4 ± 9.7, 19.6 ± 2.6 kg y 9.6 ± 2.6 cm2). Los machos presentaron mayores valores que las hembras en peso al sacrificio (44.3 ± 6.7 vs 40.1 ± 6.1 kg), peso de la canal fría (22.2 ± 3.8 vs 21.2 ± 4.4 kg) y área del ojo de chuleta (15.2 ± 3.7 vs 12.7 ± 3.7 cm2). La gran diversidad en el fenotipo y condición de los ovinos para abasto originó una amplia variabilidad en las propiedades de la canal, que limita el mercado formal de la carne ovina, por lo que convendría reordenar la producción ovina nacional dirigiéndola hacia una condición de calidad más uniforme.One thousand (1,000) sheep carcasses produced in Mexico were characterized. Data were processed through descriptive statistics and using a totally random design. From total carcasses, 82.2 % were males and 17.8 % females. Fifty three (53) genotypes (11 pure breeds and 42 different crosses) were identified. Slaughter weight averaged 43.2 ± 7.2 kg (20.4 to 85.7), cold carcass weight averaged 22.0 ± 4.1 kg (11.3 to 50.0) carcass yield was 50.0 ± 5.1 % (34.7 to 73.5), rib eye area averaged 14.8 ± 3.8 cm2 (2.7 to 29.7), subcutaneous fat thickness had a mean of 3.1 ± 1.6 mm (1.0 to 10.0) and pH averaged 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.0 to 6.5). The intensive production system showed higher values in slaughter weight, cold carcass weight and rib eye area (44.4 ± 5.9 kg, 22.8 ± 3.3 kg and 15.5 ± 3.6 cm2, respectively) than the semi-intensive system (43.6 ± 5.3 kg, 19.9 ± 3.1 kg and 13.8 ± 2.5 cm2) and extensive system (36.4 ± 9.7, 19.6 ± 2.6 kg and 9.6 ± 2.6 cm2). Males had higher values than females in slaughter weight (44.3 ± 6.7 vs 40.1 ± 6.1 kg), cold carcass weight (22.2 ± 3.8 vs 21.2 ± 4.4 kg) and rib eye area (15.2 ± 3.7 vs 12.7 ± 3.7 cm2). The great diversity in phenotypes and different lamb conditions caused considerable variability in carcass traits, which limits the formal lamb market, so sheep domestic production should be reordered towards a more uniform quality condition