134 research outputs found
Numerical Study of a Mixed Ising Ferrimagnetic System
We present a study of a classical ferrimagnetic model on a square lattice in
which the two interpenetrating square sublattices have spins one-half and one.
This model is relevant for understanding bimetallic molecular ferrimagnets that
are currently being synthesized by several experimental groups. We perform
exact ground-state calculations for the model and employ Monte Carlo and
numerical transfer-matrix techniques to obtain the finite-temperature phase
diagram for both the transition and compensation temperatures. When only
nearest-neighbor interactions are included, our nonperturbative results
indicate no compensation point or tricritical point at finite temperature,
which contradicts earlier results obtained with mean-field analysis.Comment: Figures can be obtained by request to [email protected] or
[email protected]
Response of a catalytic reaction to periodic variation of the CO pressure: Increased CO_2 production and dynamic phase transition
We present a kinetic Monte Carlo study of the dynamical response of a
Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model for CO oxidation with CO desorption to periodic
variation of the CO presure. We use a square-wave periodic pressure variation
with parameters that can be tuned to enhance the catalytic activity. We produce
evidence that, below a critical value of the desorption rate, the driven system
undergoes a dynamic phase transition between a CO_2 productive phase and a
nonproductive one at a critical value of the period of the pressure
oscillation. At the dynamic phase transition the period-averged CO_2 production
rate is significantly increased and can be used as a dynamic order parameter.
We perform a finite-size scaling analysis that indicates the existence of
power-law singularities for the order parameter and its fluctuations, yielding
estimated critical exponent ratios and . These exponent ratios, together with theoretical symmetry
arguments and numerical data for the fourth-order cumulant associated with the
transition, give reasonable support for the hypothesis that the observed
nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition is in the same universality class as
the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted in Physical Review
Spiked oscillators: exact solution
A procedure to obtain the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of a quantum
spiked oscillator is presented. The originality of the method lies in an
adequate use of asymptotic expansions of Wronskians of algebraic solutions of
the Schroedinger equation. The procedure is applied to three familiar examples
of spiked oscillators
Magnetic Behavior of a Mixed Ising Ferrimagnetic Model in an Oscillating Magnetic Field
The magnetic behavior of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic system on a square
lattice, in which the two interpenetrating square sublattices have spins +- 1/2
and spins +-1,0, in the presence of an oscillating magnetic field has been
studied with Monte Carlo techniques. The model includes nearest and
next-nearest neighbor interactions, a crystal field and the oscillating
external field. By studying the hysteretic response of this model to an
oscillating field we found that it qualitatively reproduces the increasing of
the coercive field at the compensation temperature observed in real
ferrimagnets, a crucial feature for magneto-optical applications. This behavior
is basically independent of the frequency of the field and the size of the
system. The magnetic response of the system is related to a dynamical
transition from a paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic phase and to the different
temperature dependence of the relaxation times of both sublattices.Comment: 10 figures. To be published in Phys.Rev
Relation between polymer and Fock excitations
To bridge the gap between background independent, non-perturbative quantum
gravity and low energy physics described by perturbative field theory in
Minkowski space-time, Minkowskian Fock states are located, analyzed and used in
the background independent framework. This approach to the analysis of
semi-classical issues is motivated by recent results of Varadarajan. As in that
work, we use the simpler U(1) example to illustrate our constructions but, in
contrast to that work, formulate the theory in such a way that it can be
extended to full general relativity.Comment: Clarifying remarks and three references added. To appear in CQ
Dynamic Phase Transition, Universality, and Finite-size Scaling in the Two-dimensional Kinetic Ising Model in an Oscillating Field
We study the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model below its equilibrium
critical temperature, subject to a square-wave oscillating external field. We
focus on the multi-droplet regime where the metastable phase decays through
nucleation and growth of many droplets of the stable phase. At a critical
frequency, the system undergoes a genuine non-equilibrium phase transition, in
which the symmetry-broken phase corresponds to an asymmetric stationary limit
cycle for the time-dependent magnetization. We investigate the universal
aspects of this dynamic phase transition at various temperatures and field
amplitudes via large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, employing finite-size
scaling techniques adopted from equilibrium critical phenomena. The critical
exponents, the fixed-point value of the fourth-order cumulant, and the critical
order-parameter distribution all are consistent with the universality class of
the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model. We also study the cross-over from
the multi-droplet to the strong-field regime, where the transition disappears
Presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in urine samples of patients with chronic low back pain undergoing chiropractic care: Preliminary findings from a prospective cohort study
Background and aims:
Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Chiropractors employ different interventions to treat low back pain, including spinal manipulative therapy, although the mechanisms through which chiropractic care improves low back pain are still unclear. Clinical research and animal models suggest that spinal manipulation might modulate plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, which have been involved in different stages of low back pain. More specifically, serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been found to be elevated in patients with chronic low back pain. We aimed to investigate whether urine from chronic low back pain patients could be an appropriate medium to measure concentrations of TNF-α and to examine possible changes in its levels associated to chiropractic care.
Methods:
Urine samples were collected from 24 patients with chronic low back pain and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA before and after 4â6 weeks of care compared to a reference value obtained from 5 healthy control subjects, by means of a Welchâs t-test. Simultaneously, pain intensity and disability were also evaluated before and after care. Paired t-tests were used to compare mean pre and post urinary concentrations of TNF-α and clinical outcomes.
Results:
Significantly higher baseline levels of urinary TNF-α were observed in chronic low back pain patients when compared to our reference value (p < 0.001), which were significantly lower after the period of chiropractic treatment (p = 0.03). Moreover, these changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in pain and disability (both p < 0.001). However, levels of urinary TNF-α were not correlated with pain intensity nor disability.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that urine could be a good milieu to assess TNF-α changes, with potential clinical implications for the management of chronic low back pain. Copyright © 2022 Gevers-Montoro, Romero-Santiago, Losapio, Conesa-BuendĂa, Newell, Ălvarez-Galovich, PichĂ© and Ortega-De Mues
Parameterized optimized effective potential for atoms
The optimized effective potential equations for atoms have been solved by
parameterizing the potential. The expansion is tailored to fulfill the known
asymptotic behavior of the effective potential at both short and long
distances. Both single configuration and multi configuration trial wave
functions are implemented. Applications to several atomic systems are presented
improving previous works. The results here obtained are very close to those
calculated in either the Hartree-Fock and the multi configurational
Hartree-Fock framework.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
High potential for weathering and climate effects of non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician
It has been hypothesized that predecessors of todayâs bryophytes significantly increased global chemical weathering in the Late Ordovician, thus reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration and contributing to climate cooling and an interval of glaciations. Studies that try to quantify the enhancement of weathering by non-vascular vegetation, however, are usually limited to small areas and low numbers of species, which hampers extrapolating to the global scale and to past climatic conditions. Here we present a spatially explicit modelling approach to simulate global weathering by non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician. We estimate a potential global weathering flux of 2.8 (km3 rock) yrâ1, defined here as volume of primary minerals affected by chemical transformation. This is around three times larger than todayâs global chemical weathering flux. Moreover, we find that simulated weathering is highly sensitive to atmospheric CO2 concentration. This implies a strong negative feedback between weathering by non-vascular vegetation and Ordovician climate
- âŠ