Collaboration et partenariat avec les parents: conception et démarche d’une institution en particulier : les moyens envisagés et utilisés par les professionnel.le.s pour construire un travail spécifique avec les familles d’enfants en situation de handicaps

Mon Travail de recherche traite de la collaboration et du partenariat initiés et développés entre une institution et certains des professionnel∙le∙s qui y travaillent et des parents d’enfants en situation de handicap. L’intérêt et les questionnements concernant ce sujet sont apparus lors de mes expériences pratiques dans des structures spécialisées. En effet, à travers ce travail, je souhaitais comprendre comment les professionnel∙le∙s se représentent la relation de collaboration voire de partenariat avec les familles et ce qu’ils réalisent concrètement pour y parvenir

Diversification of a protein kinase cascade: IME-2 is involved in nonself recognition and programmed cell death in Neurospora crassa.

Kinase cascades and the modification of proteins by phosphorylation are major mechanisms for cell signaling and communication, and evolution of these signaling pathways can contribute to new developmental or environmental response pathways. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinase Ime2 has been well characterized for its role in meiosis. However, recent studies have revealed alternative functions for Ime2 in both S. cerevisiae and other fungi. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the IME2 homolog (ime-2) is not required for meiosis. Here we determine that ime-2 interacts genetically with a transcription factor vib-1 during nonself recognition and programmed cell death (PCD). Mutations in vib-1 (Δvib-1) suppress PCD due to nonself recognition events; however, a Δvib-1 Δime-2 mutant restored wild-type levels of cell death. A role for ime-2 in the post-translational processing and localization of a mitochondrial matrix protein was identified, which may implicate mitochondria in N. crassa nonself recognition and PCD. Further, Δvib-1 strains do not produce extracellular proteases, but protease secretion reverted to near wild-type levels in a Δvib-1 Δime-2 strain. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the VIB-1 protein is phosphorylated at several sites, including a site that matches the IME-2 consensus. The genetic and biochemical data for ime-2 and vib-1 indicate that IME-2 is a negative regulator of VIB-1 and suggest parallel negative regulation by IME-2 of a cell death pathway in N. crassa that functions in concert with the VIB-1 cell death pathway. Thus, IME2 kinase function has evolved following the divergence of S. cerevisiae and N. crassa and provides insight into the evolution of kinases and their regulatory targets

Images in Christmas Balls

We describe light-reflection properties of spherically curved mirrors, like balls in the Christmas tree. In particular, we study the position of the image which is formed somewhere beyond the surface of a spherical mirror, when an eye observes the image of a pointlike light source. The considered problem, originally posed by Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham -- alias Alhazen -- more than a millennium ago, turned out to have the now well known analytic solution of a biquadratic equation, being still of great relevance, e.g. for the aberration-free construction of telescopes. We do not attempt to perform an exhaustive survey of the rich historical and engineering literature on the subject, but develop a simple pedagogical approach to the issue, which we believe to be of continuing interest in view of its maltreating in many high-school textbooks.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures plain LaTeX; Also see http://cft.fis.uc.pt/eef/mirrors.htm, revised version has simplified formulas, more transparent for a wider audience, one reference adde

Why are glass-forming liquids non-Arrhenius?

A major mystery of glass-forming liquids is the non-Arrhenius temperature-dependence of the average relaxation time. This paper briefly reviews the classical phenomenological models for this phenomenon - the free-volume model and the entropy model - and critiques against these models. We then discuss a recent model [Dyre, Olsen, and Christensen, Phys. Rev. B 53, 2171 (1996)] according to which the activation energy for the average relaxation time is determined by the work done in shoving aside the surrounding liquid to create space needed for a flow event. In this model the non-Arrhenius temperature-dependence is a consequence of the fact that the instantaneous (infinite-frequency) shear modulus increases upon cooling.Comment: 18 pages, plain RevTex file, no figure

Working with simple machines

A set of examples is provided that illustrate the use of work as applied to simple machines. The ramp, pulley, lever and hydraulic press are common experiences in the life of a student and their theoretical analysis therefore makes the abstract concept of work more real. The mechanical advantage of each of these systems is also discussed so that students can evaluate their usefulness as machines.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Bacterial communities in trace metal contaminated lake sediments are dominated by endospore-forming bacteria

Lake sediments in areas close to the outlet of wastewater treatment plants are sinks for pollutants. Bacterial communities in sediments are likely affected by the released effluents, but in turn they might modify the distribution and bioavailability of pollutants. On the shore of Lake Geneva, Switzerland, wastewater from the City of Lausanne is treated and discharged into the lake via an outlet pipe in the Vidy Bay. The objectives of this study were to assess (1) the impact of the treated wastewater release on the bacterial communities in the Vidy Bay sediments and (2) the potential link between bacterial communities and trace metal sediment content. Bacterial community composition and abundance were assessed in sediments collected in three areas with different levels of contamination. The main factors affecting bacterial communities were inferred by linking biological data with chemical analyses on these sediments. Near to the outlet pipe, large quantities of bacterial cells were detected in the three upper most cm (3.2 × 109 cells assessed by microscopy and 1.7 × 1010 copies of the 16S rRNA gene assessed by quantitative PCR, per gram of wet sediment), and the dominant bacterial groups were those typically found in activated sludge (e.g. Acidovorax defluivii and Hydrogenophaga caeni). Three samples in an area further away from the outlet and one sample close to it were characterized by 50 % of endospore-forming Firmicutes (Clostridium spp.) and a clear enrichment in trace metal content. These results highlight the potential role of endospore-forming Firmicutes on transport and deposition of trace metals in sediments

Elastic models for the non-Arrhenius viscosity of glass-forming liquids

This paper first reviews the shoving model for the non-Arrhenius viscosity of viscous liquids. According to this model the main contribution to the activation energy of a flow event is the energy needed for molecules to shove aside the surrounding, an energy which is proportional to the instantaneous shear modulus of the liquid. Data are presented supporting the model. It is shown that the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation, that quantitatively expresses the frequently observed decoupling of, e.g., conductivity from viscous flow, may be understood within the model. The paper goes on to review several related explanations for the non-Arrhenius viscosity. Most of these are also "elastic models," i.e., they express the viscosity activation energy in terms of short-time elastic properties of the liquid. Finally, two new arguments for elastic models are given, a general solid-state defect argument and an Occam's razor type argument

Choosing Heritage: A Comparative Analysis of Choice of Law Approaches in Nazi-looted Art Cases

The Nazis looted hundreds of thousands of pieces of art across Europe before and during World War II. Many of the victims and heirs of parties wrongfully dispossessed are still searching for their stolen art or, in some cases, are fighting in order to get it back. As seen in Cassirer v. Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection Foundation, choice of law—or determining the applicable substantive law that governs the dispute—can have enormous impacts on stolen art cases. This essay examines the pitfalls of using several choice of law approaches, such as comparative impairment, or more territorial-based approaches in stolen art cases. This essay finds that Currie’s Governmental Interest Analysis is likely the best choice-of-law approach. This approach, which allows judges to inquire into the substantive law of each state while giving deference to forum law, upholds conflict of laws principles and international principles surrounding stolen art cases

The mixing regime of Lake Ammersee

Climate change affects the circulation of lakes and has already induced mixing regime shifts for 9 several sites. The pre-alpine Lake Ammersee, Germany, is usually dimictic, but exhibits rarely a 10 complete ice cover. Furthermore, it has potentially shown some monomictic years in the past. Based 11 on vertical profile data of water temperatures (WT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) the mixing behavior 12 of the lake is visualized and analyzed for the period of 1986 – 2014. The classification of mixing 13 depicts 22 dimictic years and eight monomictic years, which approves the assumption of of 14 occasional monomixis in the lake. No significance of a trend of shift in mixing pattern can be found. 15 By also deriving also the mixing depths from the vertical DO distribution, one year without complete 16 overturn (meromictic) is detected. The results show that no regime shift has set in for Lake 17 Ammersee until 2014. Considering the high percentage of monomictic years and the potential 18 occurrence of meromixis, it can be assumed that the lake’s mixing pattern will alter due to predicted 19 climate change in the future