PEMANFAATAN LAHAN SELA PADA BUDIDAYA JERUK SISTEM TANAM RAPAT DI BANYUWANGI

The high deficit in the trade balance value for citrus commodities can be an indication of the need for improvements in production and especially on the quality of citrus in Indonesia. Citrus cultivation with high density cropping system (SITARA) can be one of the strategies to increase production without increasing the area of planting land. The additions of intercropping in this system can be a solution for farmers' income, when citrus plants have not yet produced. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze the costs and benefits of intercropping cultivation done between SITARA citrus plants with three cropping patterns (geometry) and intercropping plants which stated into four packages: (1) 4x4 (double) with chili intercropping, (2) 4x4 (double) variations (watermelon, tomatoes, broccoli, mustard greens: (3) 3x4 (double) with chili, (4) 3x4 (double) soybean. The results of the analysis showed that the 4x4 m cropping pattern intercroped with watermelon, tomatoes, broccoli and green mustard provide the highest profit of Rp. 13,677,396 per 0,25 ha per year. Although the total R / C ratio is still smaller than chili, but with variations the price decline in one commodity can be supported by other commodities. This pattern turns out to be the one that provide better citrus growth than the other four patterns, which can be seen from the rootstock and scion diameter also the average plant height that is 52, 43 dan 228 cm, respectively. This can ben an indication that intercropping can be done without harming the main crop, if it gets the right treatment. To support the results, the interaction of trees (in this case citrus), soil and seasonal crops can be evaluate more deeply

Laporan Penelitian Kerjasama Antar Perguruan Tinggi (Pekerti) Karakteristik Produk Pirolisis Dari Sekam Padi, Tongkol Jagung, Dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit

Menurut BPS (2009), Indonesia memiliki sawah seluas 12,84 juta hektar yang menghasilkan padi sekitar 63,84 juta ton. Kadar sekam padi terhadap berat padi keseluruhan sekitar 15 - 20%. Ini berarti limbah sekam padi yang dihasilkan bangsa Indonesia sekitar 8,2 – 10,9 ton/tahun. Berdasarkan data dari Perum Perhutani Jawa Tengah,mengatakan bahwa produksi kayu jati di Jawa Tengah keadaan Februari Tahun 2011 adalah sebesar 35.654 m3. Produksi kayu jati untuk wilayah Surakarta sebesar 2.500 m3. Berdasarkan uraian di atas potensi limbah yang besar dari serbuk sekam padi, serbuk gergaji kayu jati dan kayu glugu ini hanya sedikit yang baru dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Karenanya peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian karakteristik produk pirolisis dari serbuk sekam padi, serbuk gergaji kayu jati, dan kayu glugu dengan menggunakan katalis zeolit. Pada penelitian tahun pertama akan dilakukan pirolisis dari kayu jati, sekam padi, dan glugu. Penelitian dimulai dengan me-design dimensi alat pirolisis, melakukan penelitian pendahuluan. Dari penelitian tahun pertama ini akan diperoleh hasil pirolisis dari masing-masing bahan yang terdiri dari asap cair dan bio-char. Setelah penelitian selesai dilakukan uji sifat fisik dan kimia dari asap cair dan bio-char tersebut. Uji terdiri dari uji massa jenis, viskositas, pH, komposisi, dan warna serta nilai kalor. Berdasarkan penelitian yield asap cair tertinggi sebesar 44,75% pada pirolisis sekam padi pada suhu 600oC sedangkan pada variasi perbandingan katalis diperoleh yield sebesar 44,74% pada perbandingan sekam padi : zeolit = 1 : ¼. Yield char tertinggi sebesar 58,14% pada pirolisis kayu glugu pada suhu 450°C sedangkan pada variasi perbandingan katalis diperoleh yield sebesar 64,87% pada perbandingan kayu jati dan kayu glugu: zeolit = 1 : 1/8. Yield gas tertinggi sebesar 24,50% pada pirolisis kayu jati pada suhu 450oC sedangkan pada variasi perbandingan katalis diperoleh yield sebesar 30,35% pada perbandingan sekam padi : zeolit = 1 : 1. Kadar CO2 tertinggi sebesar 35,6625% pada pirolisis kayu glugu . Senyawa terbanyak pada asap cair adalah asam asetat (25,71%), asam metakrilat 24,91%, dan krotanaldehida (21,39%)

PEMANFAATAN HASIL EKSPLORASI PLASMA NUTFAH JERUK NUSANTARA

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman  jenis jeruk unggul  lokal maupun nasional   yang tersebar diseluruh nusantara dari sabang sampai merauke,  dan berpotensi  dikembangkan serta didayagunakan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan, khususnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan vitamin dan mineral masyarakat seiring  dengan bertambahnya penduduk yang terus meningkat dari tahun ketahun.  Penelitian  bertujuan untuk identifikasi hasil eksplorasi plasmanutfah jeruk nusantara  berdasarkan kemanfaatan sesuai jenisnya.  Penelitian dilakukan dari tahun 2010 -2013  diseluruh daerah sentra jeruk  Maluku Utara, Maluku tenggara,  Kalimantan Timur, dan Jawa Timur. Metodologi dengan  survei  dan exploratif,  kordinasi dengan Diperta, BPTP, Kebun Raya LIPI serta wawancara dengan penduduk lokal.  Hasil penelitian telah mendapat 30 Asesi Jeruk yang terdiri  citrus  reculata, citrus maxima,  citrus  ambicarpha dan   citrus aurantivolia dan  Menjadi  3 macam jenis berdasarkan pemanfaatannya  yaitu sebagai  buah segar (Pamelo, Keprok dan Manis, olahan dan jenis  biofarmaka (Nipis. Nipis Jumbo, Jerpaya, dan  Jari Buda membuka)Kata kunci:   buah, eksplorasi, jeruk, plasmanutfah, varieta

Prarancangan Pabrik Dodekilbenzena dari Dodekena dan Benzena dengan Proses DETAL Kapasitas 65.000 ton/tahun

Surfactant is a kind of raw material that used as soap and detergent produciton. One of the most usable surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate which produced from linear alkyl benzene (LAB). Dodecylbenzene, the most produced LAB, are made from dodecene and benzene. This dodecylbenzene are very environmentaly friendly. Dodecylbenzene producing process with DETAL are carried out with temperatur of 150oC in singletube fixed bed reactor. The benzene needs are 2.733,70 kg/h and dodecene needs are 6.139,44 kg/h. The main product is dodecylbenzene with 8.207,07 kg/h massflow and side product is didodecylbenzene with 452,61 kg/h. The supporting process unit in this dodecylbenzene factory are water producing unit with 46.912,83 kg/h capacity, steam producing unit with 8.478,37 kg/h, electricity unit with 472,84 kW, compressed air supply unit 150 m3/h, and MFO fuel supply unit with 711,38 kg/h capacity. This factory are established in Cilacap, Central Java with 156 employees. The company are classified as Limited Liability Company which is the capital cost are covered by stocks selling. This dodecylbenzene factory needs 475.082.291.012 rupiahs fixed capital and 153.829.169.489 rupiahs working capital. The economical analysis result shows that the profit before tax are 330.098.382.068 rupiahs per year, profit after tax are 247.573.786.551 rupiahs per year, Return on investment (ROI) before tax are 69,50%, ROI after tax are 52,10%, Pay out time (POT) before tax are 1,26 years, POT after tax are 1,16 years, Break even point (BEP) are 41,99% and Shut down point (SDP) are 28,63% with Discounted cash flow (DCF) are 20%, so the company are feasible to establish. Keywords : Dodecylbenzene, fixedbed singletube, DETAL

Bertanam anggur di pekarangan

114 hal.: ilus.; 22 c

Pemanfaatan Lahan Sela Pada Budidaya Jeruk Sistem Tanam Rapat Di Banyuwangi

The high deficit in the trade balance value for citrus commodities can be an indication of the need for improvements in production and especially on the quality of citrus in Indonesia. Citrus cultivation with high density cropping system (SITARA) can be one of the strategies to increase production without increasing the area of planting land. The additions of intercropping in this system can be a solution for farmers' income, when citrus plants have not yet produced. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze the costs and benefits of intercropping cultivation done between SITARA citrus plants with three cropping patterns (geometry) and intercropping plants which stated into four packages: (1) 4x4 (double) with Chili intercropping, (2) 4x4 (double) variations (watermelon, tomatoes, broccoli, mustard greens: (3) 3x4 (double) with Chili, (4) 3x4 (double) soybean. The results of the analysis showed that the 4x4 m cropping pattern intercroped with watermelon, tomatoes, broccoli and green mustard provide the highest profit of Rp. 13,677,396 per 0,25 ha per year. Although the total R / C ratio is still smaller than Chili, but with variations the price decline in one commodity can be supported by other commodities. This pattern turns out to be the one that provide better citrus growth than the other four patterns, which can be seen from the rootstock and scion diameter also the average plant height that is 52, 43 dan 228 cm, respectively. This can ben an indication that intercropping can be done without harming the main crop, if it gets the right treatment. To support the results, the interaction of trees (in this case citrus), soil and seasonal crops can be evaluate more deeply

Bioactive Phytochemical Contents on Fruit Peel of Several Citrus Species

Citrus fruits contain important sources of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds that are beneficial for human health. These bioactive compounds also exist in non-edible fruit parts, like the peel. The research was conducted to evaluate these bioactive phytochemicals on the peels of different citrus species. The experiment was carried out from March to August 2018 at the citrus germplasm collection of the Indonesian Instrument Standard Assessment Institute for Citrus and Subtropical Fruits and The Central Laboratory of The Indonesian Instrument Standard Assessment Institute for Legumes and Tubers Crops. The steps of research methods included the preparation of extract samples, the determination of total flavonoids and phenol content, and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the bioactive content of the citrus peels of several citrus species was diverse among the studied citrus species. Tangerine citrus cv. Kintamani was observed to have a higher phenolic content. For flavonoid content, the peel of lime cv. Borneo had the highest and Mandarin cv. Satsuma showed the least. Higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity values were observed on Mandarin cv. Pachuan, tangerine cv. Kintamani, and pumello cv. Thn. The correlation between phenolic content and DPPH radical-scavenging activity was higher than that between phenolic-flavonoid and flavonoid-DPPH radical-scavenging activity, indicating the effect of active molecule structure on redox potential