Korupsi, Transisi Demokrasi & Peran Organisasi Civil Society (CSO): Sebuah Tinjauan Teoritis

Corruption is a problem in countries around the world. Nevertheless, corruption exists in these countries in many different ways including causes, forms, degrees and consequences. Subsequently, an effective effort to curb corruption needs to accommodate multiple socio-political contexts that may be factors in the problem of corruption, especially in transitional democracies where the situation is typically more complex. Studies on corruption in transitional democracies —and more broadly in the developing world— have increased since the last two decades following the end of the Cold War. This increased attention is partly driven by awareness among experts across disciplines that corruption potentially hampers economic development, reduces the quality of public services, and distorts democratic values in general. In most developing countries, corruption undermines and jeopardises the democratic transition processes that are taking place. Recent studies generally have recognised the importance of understanding the social context of corruption and try explicitly to pinpoint the social situations that make corruption more likely to occur in transitional democracies. As well, such studies offered recommendations that suited specific social dynamics of the countries. Many of the studies generally consider that CSOs carry out a significant —if not central— position in the struggle against corruption; for two reasons: (1) Civil society leaders have become leading actors in terminating authoritarian regime, so they could continue their role in consolidating democracy, including combatting corruption; and (2) CSOs need to step forward in fighting corruption because of the failure of the state in dealing with the problem

Managing School Voucher Program in Developing Country: Lesson from Smart Indonesia Program

In order to pursue universal access to education, the Indonesian government has arranged a number of funding assistance programs for the people, especially for the poor. Among of the programs is the Smart Indonesia Program (Program Indonesia Pintar--PIP). In order to make the program takes place, three ministries namely the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud), the Ministry of Social Affairs (Ministry of Social Affairs), and the Ministry of Religion (Kemenag) are assigned by the government to implement this program. PIP aims to help school-age children from poor or vulnerable families and families in remote areas to be able to access education services up to high school, either through formal channels (to complete high school / vocational school) or non-formal channels (i.e. standardized courses). This program scheme provides cash assistance for pupils distributed through the Indonesia School Voucher (Kartu Indonesia Pintar-KIP) so they can complete the 12-year compulsory education. By evaluating the program at five cities and regencies, this study intends to evaluate the implementation of the program. This study explores the PIP policy, and recognizes the obstacles, challenges, weaknesses, and potentials encountered in implementation of the policy. The research was carried out in related institutions, several NGOs, and the general public with an explorative qualitative approach. This research recommends to the government to improve the design and implementation of PIP. The recommendations also include the division of roles and patterns of cooperation between government agencies and other parties in implementing the program

Korupsi, Transisi Demokrasi & Peran Organisasi Civil Society (CSO): Sebuah Tinjauan Teoritis

Abstract Corruption is a problem in countries around the world. Nevertheless, corruption exists in these countries in many different ways including causes, forms, degrees and consequences. Subsequently, an effective effort to curb corruption needs to accommodate multiple socio-political contexts that may be factors in the problem of corruption, especially in transitional democracies where the situation is typically more complex. Studies on corruption in transitional democracies —and more broadly in the developing world— have increased since the last two decades following the end of the Cold War. This increased attention is partly driven by awareness among experts across disciplines that corruption potentially hampers economic development, reduces the quality of public services, and distorts democratic values in general. In most developing countries, corruption undermines and jeopardises the democratic transition processes that are taking place. Recent studies generally have recognised the importance of understanding the social context of corruption and try explicitly to pinpoint the social situations that make corruption more likely to occur in transitional democracies. As well, such studies offered recommendations that suited specific social dynamics of the countries. Many of the studies generally consider that CSOs carry out a significant —if not central— position in the struggle against corruption; for two reasons: (1) Civil society leaders have become leading actors in terminating authoritarian regime, so they could continue their role in consolidating democracy, including combatting corruption; and (2) CSOs need to step forward in fighting corruption because of the failure of the state in dealing with the problem.   Keywords: corruption, democracy, civil societ

Considering Social Aspects of Geothermal Project: The Case of Social Mapping of Geothermal Project on Mount Ungaran

The development of renewable energy is an important step to reduce dependence on fossil energy. Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy in Indonesia. However, when a geothermal project is not managed properly, the social political and cultural conditions of the community can be a failure factor in geothermal development. Through mix methods, this research undertakes social mapping in the project of Mount Ungaran as one of the geothermal development sites. Socially the people in the project area typically are rural communities where the role of informal leaders is very influential. There are a number of communities and non-governmental organizations that disagree with the development plan due to environmental, cultural and economic damage concerns. Yet, political support was obtained from the regional government and village government

Considering Social Aspects of Geothermal Project: The Case of Social Mapping of Geothermal Project on Mount Ungaran

The development of renewable energy is an important step to reduce dependence on fossil energy. Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy in Indonesia. However, when a geothermal project is not managed properly, the social political and cultural conditions of the community can be a failure factor in geothermal development. Through mix methods, this research undertakes social mapping in the project of Mount Ungaran as one of the geothermal development sites. Socially the people in the project area typically are rural communities where the role of informal leaders is very influential. There are a number of communities and non-governmental organizations that disagree with the development plan due to environmental, cultural and economic damage concerns. Yet, political support was obtained from the regional government and village government

Managing School Voucher Program in Developing Country: Lesson from Smart Indonesia Program

In order to pursue universal access to education, the Indonesian government has arranged a number of funding assistance programs for the people, especially for the poor. Among of the programs is the Smart Indonesia Program (Program Indonesia Pintar--PIP). In order to make the program takes place, three ministries namely the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud), the Ministry of Social Affairs (Ministry of Social Affairs), and the Ministry of Religion (Kemenag) are assigned by the government to implement this program. PIP aims to help school-age children from poor or vulnerable families and families in remote areas to be able to access education services up to high school, either through formal channels (to complete high school / vocational school) or non-formal channels (i.e. standardized courses). This program scheme provides cash assistance for pupils distributed through the Indonesia School Voucher (Kartu Indonesia Pintar-KIP) so they can complete the 12-year compulsory education. By evaluating the program at five cities and regencies, this study intends to evaluate the implementation of the program. This study explores the PIP policy, and recognizes the obstacles, challenges, weaknesses, and potentials encountered in implementation of the policy. The research was carried out in related institutions, several NGOs, and the general public with an explorative qualitative approach. This research recommends to the government to improve the design and implementation of PIP. The recommendations also include the division of roles and patterns of cooperation between government agencies and other parties in implementing the program

Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in the Scopus Database: A Study at Diponegoro University during 2014-2018

This paper presents the strategy of Diponegoro University to increase its research productivity towards the world class university. Bibliometric indicators are employed to characterize the research activities of Diponegoro University, Indonesia with production in the period of 2014-2018 in publications that are indexed in the Scopus database. The number of documents and their comparison with other universities, and productive authors are of particular interest. The results reflect that the university documents improve significantly during the research time frame. In comparison with other top ten universities in Indonesia, for the last five years, Diponegoro University has achieved the fastest rate of publication (up to 471%). However, compared to other universities in neighboring countries, Diponegoro University is still left behind. In addition, it is shown that prolific authors contributing to documents in Scopus are uneven in terms of origin of faculty. Based on these results, a recommendation with respect to the research productivity is discussed in this paper