Two approaches to automatic matching of atomic grammatical features in LFG

The alignment of a bilingual corpus is an important step in data preparation for data-driven machine translation. LFG f-structures provide bilexical labelled dependencies in the form of lemmas and core grammatical functions linking those lemmas, but also important grammatical features (TENSE, NUMBER, CASE, etc.) representing morphological and semantic information. These grammatical features can often be translated independently from the lemmas or words. It is therefore of practical interest to develop methods that align grammatical features which can be considered translations of each other (e.g. the number features of the corresponding words in the source and target parts of the corpus) in data-driven LFG-based MT. In a parallel grammar development scenario, such as ParGram, this is to a large extent captured through manually hardcoding the correspondences in the hand-crafted grammars, using similar or identical feature names for similar phenomena across languages. However, for a completely automatic learning method it is desirable to establish these correspondences without human assistance. In this paper we present and evaluate two approaches to the automatic identification of correspondences between atomic features of LFG (and similar) grammars for different languages. The methods can be used to evaluate the correspondence between feature names in hand-crafted parallel grammars or find correspondences between features in grammars for different languages where feature alignments are not known

Self-Configuring Socio-Technical Systems: Redesign at Runtime

Modern information systems are becoming more and more socio-technical systems, namely systems composed of human (social) agents and software (technical) systems operating together in a common environment. The structure of such systems has to evolve dynamically in response to the changes of the environment. When new requirements are introduced, when an actor leaves the system or when a new actor comes, the socio-technical structure needs to be redesigned and revised. In this paper, an approach to dynamic reconfiguration of a socio-technical system structure in response to internal or external changes is proposed. The approach is based on planning techniques for generating possible alternative configurations, and local strategies for their evaluation. The reconfiguration mechanism is presented, which makes the socio-technical system self-configuring, and the approach is discussed and analyzed on a simple case study

F-structure transfer-based statistical machine translation

In this paper, we describe a statistical deep syntactic transfer decoder that is trained fully automatically on parsed bilingual corpora. Deep syntactic transfer rules are induced automatically from the f-structures of a LFG parsed bitext corpus by automatically aligning local f-structures, and inducing all rules consistent with the node alignment. The transfer decoder outputs the n-best TL f-structures given a SL f-structure as input by applying large numbers of transfer rules and searching for the best output using a log-linear model to combine feature scores. The decoder includes a fully integrated dependency-based tri-gram language model. We include an experimental evaluation of the decoder using different parsing disambiguation resources for the German data to provide a comparison of how the system performs with different German training and test parses

Applying tropos to socio-technical system design and runtime configuration

Recent trends in Software Engineering have introduced the importance of reconsidering the traditional idea of software design as a socio-tecnical problem, where human agents are integral part of the system along with hardware and software components. Design and runtime support for Socio-Technical Systems (STSs) requires appropriate modeling techniques and non-traditional infrastructures. Agent-oriented software methodologies are natural solutions to the development of STSs, both humans and technical components are conceptualized and analyzed as part of the same system. In this paper, we illustrate a number of Tropos features that we believe fundamental to support the development and runtime reconfiguration of STSs. Particularly, we focus on two critical design issues: risk analysis and location variability. We show how they are integrated and used into a planning-based approach to support the designer in evaluating and choosing the best design alternative. Finally, we present a generic framework to develop self-reconfigurable STSs

Improving dependency label accuracy using statistical post-editing: A cross-framework study

We present a statistical post-editing method for modifying the dependency labels in a dependency analysis. We test the method using two English datasets, three parsing systems and three labelled dependency schemes. We demonstrate how it can be used both to improve dependency label accuracy in parser output and highlight problems with and differences between constituency-to-dependency conversions

DCU-Paris13 systems for the SANCL 2012 shared task

The DCU-Paris13 team submitted three systems to the SANCL 2012 shared task on parsing English web text. The first submission, the highest ranked constituency parsing system, uses a combination of PCFG-LA product grammar parsing and self-training. In the second submission, also a constituency parsing system, the n-best lists of various parsing models are combined using an approximate sentence-level product model. The third system, the highest ranked system in the dependency parsing track, uses voting over dependency arcs to combine the output of three constituency parsing systems which have been converted to dependency trees. All systems make use of a data-normalisation component, a parser accuracy predictor and a genre classifier

f-align: An open-source alignment tool for LFG f-structures

Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) f-structures (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982) have attracted some attention in recent years as an intermediate data representation for statistical machine translation. So far, however, there are no alignment tools capable of aligning f-structures directly, and plain word alignment tools are used for this purpose. In this way no use is made of the structural information contained in f-structures. We present the first version of a specialized f-structure alignment open-source software tool

MAG: A Multilingual, Knowledge-base Agnostic and Deterministic Entity Linking Approach

Entity linking has recently been the subject of a significant body of research. Currently, the best performing approaches rely on trained mono-lingual models. Porting these approaches to other languages is consequently a difficult endeavor as it requires corresponding training data and retraining of the models. We address this drawback by presenting a novel multilingual, knowledge-based agnostic and deterministic approach to entity linking, dubbed MAG. MAG is based on a combination of context-based retrieval on structured knowledge bases and graph algorithms. We evaluate MAG on 23 data sets and in 7 languages. Our results show that the best approach trained on English datasets (PBOH) achieves a micro F-measure that is up to 4 times worse on datasets in other languages. MAG, on the other hand, achieves state-of-the-art performance on English datasets and reaches a micro F-measure that is up to 0.6 higher than that of PBOH on non-English languages.Comment: Accepted in K-CAP 2017: Knowledge Capture Conferenc

Sztuka – przeżycie – analiza. O pewnym aspekcie teorii Michaela Brötjego

The oeuvre of Michael Brötje, the creator of a new existential-hermeneutic research perspective in art history, includes numerous analyses of old art employing traditional religious iconography. The analysis of Otto Piene's work published in the current issue of Sacrum et Decorum is one of his rare interpretations of abstract art. In a key moment in the analysis, he invokes the famous concepts of tremendum and fascinosum, which were introduced over a century ago by Rudolf Otto to express the dual nature of the human experience of the sacred as something at once menacing and fascinating. The article seeks to present Brötje's theory and thus set the ground for the understanding of his analysis of Otto Piene's work. Brötje's theory grounds the human experience of art in the soul [Seele]: it is in the spiritual [seelisch], rather than the intellectual or the psychological, dimension that we can actualize our essential disposition, transcend towards that which determines us, and project the Absolute onto the mediating plane of the work of art. In the spiritual [seelisch] experience of the self, this process is unconscious; nevertheless, it remains firmly grounded in the logic of viewing. It is this logic that Brötje sets out to capture in his analyses. The analysis of Otto Piene should also be seen in this context. In the process of analysis, a gradual but systematic reconstruction of 'the viewing logic' brings the categories of Rudolf Otto up to the surface. The concepts of tremendum and fascinosum, however, are only used as indicators, which point back to the knowledge shared between the author and his readers and thus outline an area of reflection, which is parallel to the previous, 'fully valid perception' of the meaning of the work.Michael Brötje, twórca nowej, egzystencjalno-hermeneutycznej perspektywy badawczej w historii sztuki, ma w swoim dorobku wiele analiz dzieł sztuki dawnej o tradycyjnej ikonografii religijnej. Publikowana w niniejszym numerze analiza dzieła Ottona Pienego należy natomiast do nielicznej grupy Brötjowskich analiz dzieł sztuki abstrakcyjnej. W jednym z kluczowych momentów analizy pojawiają się znane pojęcia Tremendum i Fascinosum, za pomocą których przed niemal stu laty Rudolf Otto ujął dwoistą naturę ludzkiego doświadczenia sacrum: jako czegoś groźnego i pociągającego zarazem. Niniejszy tekst ma na celu zapoznanie czytelnika z koncepcją Brötjego i dostarczenie tym samym kontekstu rozumienia wspomnianej analizy dzieła Pienego. Teoria Brötjego zakorzenia ludzkie obcowanie ze sztuką w duszy [Seele] człowieka: tylko bowiem w tym wymiarze – duchowym [seelisch], a nie psychicznym czy intelektualnym – możliwa jest realizacja naszej dyspozycji istotowej, możliwe jest transcendowanie ku temu, co warunkujące, możliwa jest projekcja Absolutu w płaszczyznę-medium dzieła. Proces ten w duchowym [seelisch] przeżyciu Ja jest co prawda nieuświadamiany, tym niemniej ma całkiem realną podstawę w logice oglądowej dzieła. I to właśnie tę logikę mają za zadanie uchwycić analizy Brötjego. W takim kontekście należy widzieć analizę dzieła Pienego, w toku której stopniowa, ale konsekwentna rekonstrukcja „logiki oglądowej” doprowadziła do pojawienia się na powierzchni dyskursu kategorii Rudolfa Otto: Tremendum i Fascinosum używane są jednak jedynie jako pojęcia-wskazówki, które – poprzez odwołanie się do wspólnej autorowi analizy i jej czytelnikom erudycji – wyznaczają obszar refleksji, równoległy wobec uprzedniego „w pełni ważnego oglądowego rozpoznania” sensu dzieła