Effect of a Temperature Mode of Radiation-thermal Sintering the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn-ferrites

2000NM Mn-Zn-ferrites have been produced by radiation-thermal sintering (RTS). We have studied the effect of RTS on the electromagnetic properties of ferrites. X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate general aspects of phase transformations during the radiation-thermal sintering of green compacts

Effect of a Temperature Mode of Radiation-thermal Sintering the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn-ferrites

2000NM Mn-Zn-ferrites have been produced by radiation-thermal sintering (RTS). We have studied the effect of RTS on the electromagnetic properties of ferrites. X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate general aspects of phase transformations during the radiation-thermal sintering of green compacts

Copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide: electron beam stimulated synthesis, structure and properties

The aim of this research was to obtain the grafted copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide using the electron beam irradiation. Radiation dose was varied from 6 to 160 kGy. The highest yield of the product was observed at radiation dose of 12–40 kGy. Further increase in the dose caused a decrease in the product yield as well as its solubility in water. Using gel permeation chromatography, it was confirmed that unreacted chitosan remained in the product. NMR study of the water-soluble part of the product obtained under the doses of 6, 12, and 20 kGy showed that the length of the side chains of grafted acrylamide was about 2 elementary units. Investigation of chitosan solutions by means of dynamic light scattering revealed the presence of chitosan agglomerates in the solution. The possibility of obtaining dense films was demonstrated. Mechanical treatment of the copolymer in the ball mill caused an increase in the solubility of the samples obtained even at radiation doses of 80 and 160 kGy. It was determined by means of chromatographic methods that there were no products with low molecular weight in the ball-milled product, and unreacted chitosan did not undergo mechanocracking during the mechanical treatment

The atmospheric role in the Arctic water cycle: A review on processes, past and future changes, and their impacts

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Atmospheric humidity, clouds, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are essential components of the Arctic climate system. During recent decades, specific humidity and precipitation have generally increased in the Arctic, but changes in evapotranspiration are poorly known. Trends in clouds vary depending on the region and season. Climate model experiments suggest that increases in precipitation are related to global warming. In turn, feedbacks associated with the increase in atmospheric moisture and decrease in sea ice and snow cover have contributed to the Arctic amplification of global warming. Climate models have captured the overall wetting trend but have limited success in reproducing regional details. For the rest of the 21st century, climate models project strong warming and increasing precipitation, but different models yield different results for changes in cloud cover. The model differences are largest in months of minimum sea ice cover. Evapotranspiration is projected to increase in winter but in summer to decrease over the oceans and increase over land. Increasing net precipitation increases river discharge to the Arctic Ocean. Over sea ice in summer, projected increase in rain and decrease in snowfall decrease the surface albedo and, hence, further amplify snow/ice surface melt. With reducing sea ice, wind forcing on the Arctic Ocean increases with impacts on ocean currents and freshwater transport out of the Arctic. Improvements in observations, process understanding, and modeling capabilities are needed to better quantify the atmospheric role in the Arctic water cycle and its changes.We thank all colleagues involved in the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis (AFS) for fruitful discussions. In particular, John Walsh is acknowledged for his constructive comments on the manuscript. AFS has been sponsored by the World Climate Research Programme’s Climate and the Cryosphere project (WCRP-CliC), the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). The work for this paper has been supported by the Academy of Finland (contracts 259537 and 283101), the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/J019585/1), the US National Science Foundation grant ARC-1023592 and the Program “Arctic” and the Basic Research Program of the Presidium Russian Academy of Sciences. NCAR is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge the project coordination and meeting support of Jenny Baeseman and Gwenaelle Hamon at the CliC International Project Office. No new data were applied in the manuscript. Data applied for Figures 2 and 3 are available from the JRA-55 archive at http://jra. kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en. html#usage

Radiation-Thermal Synthesis of Copolymers of Chitosan with Acrylamide as a Means of Betulin Delivering

Радиационно-термическим методом с использованием ускоренных электронов получены привитые сополимеры хитозана с акриламидом. Образование привитых сополимеров подтверждено методами ИК‑спектроскопии и гель-проникающей хроматографии. Показано, что эффективность и степень прививки зависят от дозы ионизирующего облучения и с ростом дозы проходят через максимум. Найдены условия получения сополимеров с высоким выходом продукта. Полученные сополимеры использованы для получения композитов бетулина с помощью механохимической обработки. Показано, что скорость выделения бетулина в водный раствор при растворении композита зависит от pH раствора, что позволяет рассматривать механокомпозиты на основе сополимеров хитозана с акриламидом как перспективные средства для контролируемой доставки лекарственных веществGraft copolymers of chitosan with acrylamide were obtained by the radiation-thermal method using accelerated electrons. The formation of graft copolymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. It is shown that the efficiency and degree of grafting depend on the dose of ionizing radiation, and pass through a maximum with increasing dose. The conditions for obtaining copolymers with a high yield of the product were found. The resulting copolymers were used to obtain betulin composites using mechanochemical processing. It has been shown that the rate of release of betulin into an aqueous solution during the dissolution of the composite depends on the pH of the solution, which makes it possible to consider mechanocomposites based on copolymers of chitosan with acrylamide as promising means for controlled drug deliver

Industrial electron accelerators type ILU

The paper describes ILU type industrial electron accelerators. Their main parameters, design, principle of action, electron beam extraction devices, wide set of auxiliary equipment for various technological processes and ways of their usage are discussed as well.Описаны промышленные ускорители электронов серии ИЛУ. Приведены основные параметры, устройство и принцип действия. Дается краткое описание систем выпуска ускоренного пучка в атмосферу для различных технологических процессов.Описано промислові прискорювачі електронів серії ЫЛП. Наведено основні параметри, будова і принцип дії. Дається короткий опис систем випуску прискореного пучку в атмосферу для різних технологічних процесів

Electron accelerator for energy up to 5.0 MeV and beam power up to 50 kW with Х-ray converter

The paper describes the industrial electron accelerator ILU-10 for electron energy up to 5 MeV and beam power up to 50 kW specially designed for use in industrial applications. The ILU-10 accelerator generates the vertical electron beam. The beam line turns the beam through an angle of 90° and transports the beam to the vertically posed Xray converter to generate the horizontal beam of X-rays.Приводиться опис прискорювача електронів ІЛУ-10 на енергію 5 МеВ потужністю 50 кВт, спеціально розробленого для таких комплексів. Для спрощення конструкції конвеєрної системи подачі оброблюваної продукції в зону опромінення використовується випускний пристрій з поворотом пучка на 90 градусів інаступною конвертацією електронного пучка в гамма-випромінювання на вертикально розташованій мішені.Приводится описание ускорителя электронов ИЛУ-10 на энергию 5 МэВ мощностью 50 кВт, специально разработанного для таких комплексов. Для упрощения конструкции конвейерной системы подачи обрабатываемой продукции в зону облучения используется выпускное устройство с поворотом пучка на 90 градусов и последующей конвертацией электронного пучка в гамма-излучение на вертикально расположенной мишени