15,905 research outputs found
Z2SAL: a translation-based model checker for Z
Despite being widely known and accepted in industry, the Z formal specification language has not so far been well supported by automated verification tools, mostly because of the challenges in handling the abstraction of the language. In this paper we discuss a novel approach to building a model-checker for Z, which involves implementing a translation from Z into SAL, the input language for the Symbolic Analysis Laboratory, a toolset which includes a number of model-checkers and a simulator. The Z2SAL translation deals with a number of important issues, including: mapping unbounded, abstract specifications into bounded, finite models amenable to a BDD-based symbolic checker; converting a non-constructive and piecemeal style of functional specification into a deterministic, automaton-based style of specification; and supporting the rich set-based vocabulary of the Z mathematical toolkit. This paper discusses progress made towards implementing as complete and faithful a translation as possible, while highlighting certain assumptions, respecting certain limitations and making use of available optimisations. The translation is illustrated throughout with examples; and a complete working example is presented, together with performance data
IN-FLIGHT SHOCK-WAVE PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ABOVE AND BELOW A BOMBER AIRPLANE AT MACH NUMBERS FROM 1.42 TO 1.69
In-flight shock wave pressure measurements above and below bomber aircraft at mach 1.42 to 1.6
Passive fetal monitoring sensor
An ambulatory, passive sensor for use in a fetal monitoring system is discussed. The invention is comprised of a piezoelectric polymer film, combined with a metallic mounting plate fastened to a belt, and electrically connected to a signal processing unit by means of a shielded cable. The purpose of the sensor is to receive pressure pulses emitted by a fetus inside an expectant mother. Additionally, the monitor will filter out pressure pulses arising from other sources, such as the maternal heart
A search for distant radio galaxies from SUMSS and NVSS: III. radio spectral energy distributions and the z-alpha correlation
This is the third in a series of papers that present observations and results
for a sample of 76 ultra-steep-spectrum radio sources designed to find galaxies
at high redshift. Here we present multi-frequency radio observations, from the
Australia Telescope Compact Array, for a subset of 37 galaxies from the sample.
Matched resolution observations at 2.3, 4.8 and 6.2GHz are presented for all
galaxies, with the z<2 galaxies additionally observed at 8.6 and 18GHz. New
angular size constraints are reported for 19 sources based on high resolution
4.8 and 6.2GHz observations. Functional forms for the rest-frame spectral
energy distributions are derived: 89% of the sample is well characterised by a
single power law, whilst the remaining 11% show some flattening toward higher
frequencies: not one source shows any evidence for high frequency steepening.
We discuss the implications of this result in light of the empirical
correlation between redshift and spectral index seen in flux limited samples of
radio galaxies. Finally, a new physical mechanism to explain the redshift --
spectral index correlation is posited: extremely steep spectrum radio galaxies
in the local universe usually reside at the centres of rich galaxy clusters. We
argue that if a higher fraction of radio galaxies, as a function of redshift,
are located in environments with densities similar to nearby rich clusters,
then this could be a natural interpretation for the correlation. We briefly
outline our plans to pursue this line of investigation.Comment: MNRAS in pres
Modelling the Northeast Atlantic circulation : implications for the spring invasion of shelf regions by Calanus finmarchicus
The appearance in spring of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in continental shelf waters of the northeastern Atlantic has been hypothesized to be mainly attributable to invasion from across the continental slope rather than in situ overwintering. This paper describes the application of a hydrodynamic circulation model and a particle-tracking model to Northeast Atlantic waters in order to assess the influence of the flow field and ascent migration parameters on the spring invasion of C. finmarchicus. For hydrodynamic modelling, the Hamburg Shelf-Ocean Model (HAMSOM) was applied to the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas and forced with daily mean atmospheric data. Simulated flow fields from HAMSOM serve as forcing functions for a particle-tracking model of the same region. The robustness of the simulated shelf invasion in three target boxes of the Northeast Atlantic Shelf was assessed by means of a sensitivity analysis with respect to variations in four key migration parameters: overwintering depth, ascent rate, ascent timing, and depth during residence in upper layers. The invasion of the northern North Sea and Norwegian Shelf waters is more sensitive to ascent migration parameters than invasion of the Faroese Shelf. The main reason for enhanced sensitivity of the North Sea invasion is the time and space-dependent flow structure in the Faroe-Shetland Channel. Dense aggregations of overwintering C. finmarchicus are found in the Channel, but because of the complex flow field only a proportion of the overwintering stock has the capacity to reach the North Sea
Neighborhoods of trees in circular orderings
In phylogenetics, a common strategy used to construct an evolutionary tree for a set of species X is to search in the space of all such trees for one that optimizes some given score function (such as the minimum evolution, parsimony or likelihood score). As this can be computationally intensive, it was recently proposed to restrict such searches to the set of all those trees that are compatible with some circular ordering of the set X. To inform the design of efficient algorithms to perform such searches, it is therefore of interest to find bounds for the number of trees compatible with a fixed ordering in the neighborhood of a tree that is determined by certain tree operations commonly used to search for trees: the nearest neighbor interchange (nni), the subtree prune and regraft (spr) and the tree bisection and reconnection (tbr) operations. We show that the size of such a neighborhood of a binary tree associated with the nni operation is independent of the tree’s topology, but that this is not the case for the spr and tbr operations. We also give tight upper and lower bounds for the size of the neighborhood of a binary tree for the spr and tbr operations and characterize those trees for which these bounds are attained
Calibrated Sub-Bundles in Non-Compact Manifolds of Special Holonomy
This paper is a continuation of math.DG/0408005. We first construct special
Lagrangian submanifolds of the Ricci-flat Stenzel metric (of holonomy SU(n)) on
the cotangent bundle of S^n by looking at the conormal bundle of appropriate
submanifolds of S^n. We find that the condition for the conormal bundle to be
special Lagrangian is the same as that discovered by Harvey-Lawson for
submanifolds in R^n in their pioneering paper. We also construct calibrated
submanifolds in complete metrics with special holonomy G_2 and Spin(7)
discovered by Bryant and Salamon on the total spaces of appropriate bundles
over self-dual Einstein four manifolds. The submanifolds are constructed as
certain subbundles over immersed surfaces. We show that this construction
requires the surface to be minimal in the associative and Cayley cases, and to
be (properly oriented) real isotropic in the coassociative case. We also make
some remarks about using these constructions as a possible local model for the
intersection of compact calibrated submanifolds in a compact manifold with
special holonomy.Comment: 20 pages; for Revised Version: Minor cosmetic changes, some
paragraphs rewritten for improved clarit
The Research Portfolio: Educating Teacher Researchers in Data Analysis
This paper describes research on a course assignment, the research portfolio, designed for a two-course teacher research experience in a Masters of Arts in Teaching program. The focus of the assignment is the process of data collection and analysis that is critical to the success of teacher research. We sought a way to help our teacher candidates grapple with the complexity of the process while learning the necessary skills and habits that support effective learning and research. We share our findings, which look at how teacher candidates responded to the assignment and how our work has evolved as a result
Defying jet-gas alignment in two radio galaxies at z~2 with extended light profiles: Similarities to brightest cluster galaxies
We report the detection of extended warm ionized gas in two powerful
high-redshift radio galaxies, NVSS J210626-314003 at z=2.10 and TXS 2353-003 at
z=1.49, that does not appear to be associated with the radio jets. This is
contrary to what would be expected from the alignment effect, a characteristic
feature of distant, powerful radio galaxies at z> 0.6. The gas also has smaller
velocity gradients and line widths than most other high-z radio galaxies with
similar data. Both galaxies are part of a systematic study of 50 high-redshift
radio galaxies with SINFONI, and are the only two that are characterized by the
presence of high surface-brightness gas not associated with the jet axis and by
the absence of such gas aligned with the jet. Both galaxies are spatially
resolved with ISAAC broadband imaging covering the rest-frame R band, and have
extended wings that cannot be attributed to line contamination. We argue that
the gas and stellar properties of these galaxies are more akin to gas-rich
brightest cluster galaxies in cool-core clusters than the general population of
high-redshift radio galaxies at z>2. In support of this interpretation, one of
our sources, TXS 2353-003, for which we have H\alpha\ narrowband imaging, is
associated with an overdensity of candidate H\alpha\ emitters by a factor of 8
relative to the field at z=1.5. We discuss possible scenarios of the
evolutionary state of these galaxies and the nature of their emission line gas
within the context of cyclical AGN feedback.Comment: A&A in pres
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