PARAMETRICAL WORDS IN THE SENTIMENT LEXICON

In this paper, the main features of parametrical words within a sentiment lexicon are determined. The data for the research are client reviews in the Russian language taken from the bank client rating; the domain under study is bank service quality. The sentiment lexicon structure is presented; it includes two primary classes (positive and negative words) and three secondary classes (increments, polarity modifiers, and polarity anti-modifiers). This lexicon is used as the main tool for the sentiment analysis carried out by two methods: the Naïve Bayes classifier and the REGEX algorithm. Parametrical words are referred to as the words denoting the value of some domain-specific parameter, e.g. the client’s time consuming. To distinguish the main features of parametrical words, the parameters relevant for the bank service quality domain are determined. The revised lexicon structure is proposed, with a new class (decrements) added. The results of the research demonstrate that parametrical words express implicit opinions, since parameters are not usually named directly in reviews. Only a small number of parametrical words can be ranged into the primary classes (positive or negative), but this ranging is domain-specific. It is the parameter that determines the domain specificity of such words. Most parametrical words are ranged into the secondary classes, and this ranging can be considered universal. The parametrical words denoting the increase of a parameter should be ranged into the increment class, as they intensify positive or negative emotions. The parametrical words denoting the decrease of a parameter should be ranged into the decrement class, as they reduce positive or negative emotions. The evident progress on the way to the sentiment lexicon universalization can be achieved by classifying parametrical words within the sentiment lexicon

Weight gain in patients after therapy for hyperthyroidism

Objective. To determine the prevalence of obesity following therapy for hyperthyroidism and to assess the contributing factors associated with an undesirable weight gain.Design. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of clinical records for 160 hyperthyroid patients attending an endocrine clinic in Bloemfontein (1994 - 2001).Results. Of the 160 patients, 143 had Graves' disease and 17 patients had multinodular goitre. Most of our patients (N = 147) were treated with radioiodine, 10 patients with carbimazole and 3 patients had thyroidectomy. The median weight gain 6 months after therapy was 5.0 kg, after 12 months 9.0 kg, and after 24 months 12 kg, whereafter body mass stabilised. Before therapy 27.5% of patients had a body mass index (BMI) of < 22 kg/m2, 29.4% were overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) and 19.3% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Two years after treatment only 8.7% of patients had a BMI of < 22 kg/m2, 27.5% had a BMI > 25 kg/m2, and 51.3% had become obese. The main factors associated with weight gain 24 months after therapy were poor control of thyroid function on replacement therapy, diagnosis of Graves' disease and need for thyroxine replacement.Conclusion. This study has shown a large increase (32%) in the prevalence of obesity following treatment for hyperthyroidism. The main weight gain was during the first 2 years after therapy. The main factors contributing to excessive weight gain were need for replacement therapy and poor control of thyroid function

The international association of teachers of russian language and literature (MAPRYAL) and its activity in the baltic sea states

The article offers general information about the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL) and its main lines of activity. The authors focus on the activity of MAPRYAL in the Baltic Sea States offering a detailed description of the International Festival of Russian Language in the Baltic Sea States, and the events held by MAPRYAL in Germany, Poland, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark

Валидация методики измерения цвета окрашенных волокон на микроскопе-спектрофотометре МСФУ-К

This work is part of a series of efforts towards validation of methods used in forensic fiber analysis. These efforts address current needs for accreditation of forensic laboratories and quality control in operations.The qualitative testing methodology consists of obtaining absorption spectra with the microscope spectrophotometer MSFU-K and comparing the spectral characteristics of color in fiber samples. The expert determines whether the textile fibers submitted for analysis match in color or not, depending on the results of spectral comparison.The proposed validation experiment algorithm is designed for evaluating uncertainty in optical density measurements and the level of expert competence.In this case uncertainty corresponds to reproducibility standard deviation. To evaluate uncertainty, two operators took readings of absorption spectra of dyed fibers independently in the course of three days, and measured optical density at maximum and minimum absorption wavelengths. To evaluate repeatability, 5 spectra were obtained in a row on each of the three days.The testing was conducted using three samples of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Key characteristic points in the samples’ absorption spectra covered a wide range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Measurements were taken using the MSFU-K microspectrophotometer, which consists of a microscope with a spectrophotometric add-on unit.Statistical analysis of measurement data demonstrated uncertainty levels between 7,1 % and 22,1 %. Uncertainty values below 30 % are indicative of quantitative measurements and insignificant variance of optical density values, which corresponds to high reproducibility of spectra and allows the expert to make statistically reliable match/non-match conclusions on the color of compared fibers.Expert competence was assessed based on «blind» test results. The experts had to determine which of the three samples were colored with the same dye. Each of the two experts was provided with 3 visually identical samples that were colored with different dyes. The experts were asked to distinguish between fibers treated with the same dye. When analyzing obtained spectra, both experts correctly identified same-color fibers based on matching color spectral characteristics.Positive validation results suggest that the MSFU-K microscope spectrophotometer can be successfully used in forensic fiber analysis for measuring the color of dyed fibers. Статья из серии разработок по валидации методик, применяемых при производстве криминалистической экспертизы волокнистых материалов.Сущность качественной методики тестирования заключается в получении с помощью спектрофотометра МСФУ-К спектра поглощения и сопоставлении спектральных характеристик цвета сравниваемых волокон. На основании сопоставления спектров эксперт решает вопрос, совпадает/не совпадает цвет сравниваемых волокон, представленных на экспертизу.Предложена схема эксперимента валидации, задачами которого являлись оценка неопределенности измерения оптической плотности и уровня компетентности экспертов.В рассматриваемом случае неопределенность совпадает со среднеквадратичным отклонением (СКО) воспроизводимости. Для оценки неопределенности два оператора снимали независимо в течение трех дней спектры поглощения образцов окрашенных волокон и измеряли оптическую плотность в точках максимума и минимума. Повторяемость оценивали, снимая в каждый из трех дней по пять спектров подряд.Для исследования были выбраны три образца окрашенных полиакрилонитрильных волокон (нитрон). Основные характеристические точки спектров поглощения образцов охватывают широкую область длин волн видимого спектра. Измерения выполняли на микроспектрофотометре МСФУ-К, который представляет собой микроскоп со спектрофотометрической насадкой.В результате статистической обработки измерений оптической плотности установлено, что неопределенность варьирует от 7,1 до 22,1 %. Значения неопределенности <30 % указывают на количественный характер измерений, несущественный разброс значений оптической плотности, что соответствует высокой воспроизводимости спектра и позволяет эксперту делать достоверные выводы о совпадении/несовпадении цвета сравниваемых волокон.Компетентность экспертов оценивали по результатам «слепых» испытаний. Эксперты должны были установить, какие из трех образцов волокон окрашены одним красителем. Двум экспертам были предоставлены по три образца, которые по цвету визуально практически не различались, но были окрашены разными красителями. Перед экспертами ставилась задача дифференцировать волокна, окрашенные одним красителем. При анализе полученных спектров каждым экспертом были сделаны правильные выводы об одноцветных волокнах, совпадающих по спектральным характеристикам цвета.На основании положительных результатов валидационного эксперимента сделан вывод о пригодности методики измерения цвета окрашенных волокон на микроскопе-спектрофотометре МСФУ-К для применения в криминалистической экспертизе волокнистых материалов.

Patients treated for hyperthyroidism are at increased risk of becoming obese: findings from a large prospective secondary care cohort

YesBackground: The most commonly reported symptom of hyperthyroidism is weight loss; successful treatment increases weight. Weight gain faced by patients with hyperthyroidism is widely considered a simple reaccumulation of premorbid weight, whereas many patients feel there is a significant weight “overshoot” attributable to the treatment. We aimed to establish if weight gain seen following treatment for hyperthyroidism represents replenishment of premorbid weight or “overshoot” beyond expected regain and, if there is excessive weight gain, whether this is associated with the applied treatment modality. Methods: We calculated the risk of becoming obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) following treatment for hyperthyroidism by comparing BMI of 1373 patients with overt hyperthyroidism seen in a secondary care setting with the age- and sex-matched background population (Health Survey for England, 2007–2009). Next, we investigated the effect of treatment with an antithyroid drug (ATD) alone in regard to ATD with radioactive iodine (131I) therapy. We modeled the longitudinal weight data in relation to the treatment pathway to thyroid function and the need for long-term thyroxine replacement. Results: During treatment of hyperthyroidism, men gained 8.0 kg (standard deviation ±7.5) and women 5.5 kg (±6.8). At discharge, there was a significantly increased risk of obesity in male (odds ratio = 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.3–2.2], p 10 mIU/L; 0.5 kg, 0.3–0.7, p < 0.001) or free thyroxine (fT4) was reduced (fT4 ≤ 10 pmol/L (0.8 ng/dL); 0.3 kg, 0.1–0.4, p < 0.001) during follow-up. Initiation of levothyroxine was associated with further weight gain (0.4 kg, 0.2–0.6, p < 0.001) and the predicted excess weight gain in 131I-induced hypothyroidism was 1.8 kg. Conclusions: Treatment for hyperthyroidism is associated with significant risks of becoming obese. 131I treatment and subsequent development of hypothyroidism were associated with small but significant amounts of excess weight gain compared with ATD alone. We advocate that the discussion over the weight “overshoot” risk forms part of the individualized treatment decision-making process

Современный взгляд на проблему врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекции: клинические наблюдения

Тhis work is a continuation of the literature review «The modern view of congenital cytomegalovirus infection» and is devoted to the clinical cases. Particular attention is paid to the severity of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CCMVI), as well as the its clinical variability, including developmental anomalies. The variety of clinical forms requires a wide range of examinations to identify all this infection manifestations in a newborn child and children in the first months of life, as well as the doctors alertness regarding the timely diagnosis of intrauterine infections based on the existing clinical features. The presented cases demonstrate the CCMVI clinical manifestations: the «classical» generalized manifest form, with a specific clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings, the severe generalized CCMVI with kidney congenital malformation and postnatal development of congenital cataract.Данная работа является продолжением литературного обзора «Современный взгляд на проблему врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекции» и посвящена разбору клинических случаев. Особое внимание уделено тяжести течения врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекции (ВЦМВИ), а также клиническому полиморфизму заболевания, в т.ч. с формированием аномалий развитий. Многообразие клинических форм ВЦМВИ требует проведения широкого спектра обследований для выявления всех проявлений данной инфекции у новорожденного ребенка и детей первых месяцев жизни, а также настороженности врачей в отношении своевременной диагностики внутриутробной инфекции на основании имеющейся клинической картины. Представленные случаи демонстрируют особенности клинических вариантов ВЦМВИ: «классической» манифестной формы с генерализованным течением, с характерной клинической картиной и изменениями в лабораторных и инструментальных данных, тяжелого генерализованного течения ВЦМВИ с внутриутробным формированием порока развития почки и постнатальным развитием врожденной катаракты

ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННАЯ ВЕТРЯНАЯ ОСПА У РЕБЕНКА С ИММУНОДЕФИЦИТОМ

The аrticle describes a clinical example of a generalized form of chickenpox  developed in a child with severe background pathology (Sjogren's disease with renal involvement, a secondary immunodeficiency condition), with a common lesion of internal organs, skin and mucous membranes, subsequent attachment of secondary microbial flora and fatal outcome.В статье приводится клинический пример генерализованной формы ветряной оспы, развившейся у ребенка с тяжелой фоновой патологией (болезнь Шегрена с почечным вовлечением,  вторичное иммунодефицитное состояние), с распространенным поражением внутренних органов, кожных покровов  и слизистых, последующим присоединением вторичной микробной флоры и закончившейся летальным исходом

Бронхолёгочные осложнения при кори у детей (семейный случай)

Two clinical observations of measles in sisters old 1 year 10 months and 3 years and 8 months have been described. Measles was severe with the development of an early complication in the form of severe bilateral community-acquired pneumonia with pulmonary edema and severe respiratory failure 2 degrees, which required treatment in the intensive care unit. At the sisters measles proceeded on the background of persistent herpetic (cytomegalovirus and HHV-6) infections, and at older sister measles was on the background of pyoderma. Measles was confirmed by detection of specific IgM by ELISA. The sisters were not vaccinated against measles and had home contact with a younger sister who had an infection with a clinical of measles.Описан семейный случай кори у сестер в возрасте 1 года 10 мес. и 3 лет 8 мес. Корь протекала в тяжелой форме с развитием раннего осложнения в виде тяжелой двусторонней внебольничной пневмонии с отеком легкого и выраженной дыхательной недостаточностью 2 степени, потребовавшей лечения в условиях отделения интенсивной терапии. У обеих сестер корь возникла на фоне персистирующей герпетической (цитомегаловирусной и ВГЧ-6) инфекции, а у старшей сестры  — также на фоне пиодермии. Диагноз кори был подтвержден обнаружением  специфических IgM методом ИФА. Оба ребенка не были вакцинированы от кори и имели домашний контакт с младшей сестрой, переносившей инфекцию с клинической картиной кори.

Злокачественная форма гепатита В у детей

The article deals with the problem of fulminant viral hepatitis at the present stage. Are given their own observation of children, patients with fulminant hepatitis B. The data, including clinical examples show that fulminant hepatitis B occurs in born to HBV-infected mothers to infants during the first six months of life, which has not been evaluated vaccine prevention of hepatitis B, and is characterized by a high level of mortality.В статье рассматривается проблема злокачественного вирусного гепатита на современном этапе. Приводятся собственные наблюдения за детьми со злокачественной формой гепатита В. Представленные данные, в том числе клинические примеры, показывают, что злокачественный гепатит В возникает у рожденных от HBV-инфицированных матерей детей первого полугодия жизни, которым не проводилась вакцинопрофилактика гепатита В, и характеризуется высоким уровнем летальности