175 research outputs found

    Recherche interventionniste : modélisation et implantation d'un modÚle de formation en alternance Science et technologie pour des élÚves à risque dans leur parcours scolaire du deuxiÚme cycle du secondaire

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    Ce mĂ©moire traite d'une recherche interventionniste qui prend ancrage dans l’épistĂ©mologie historico-socioculturelle qu’est la 3e gĂ©nĂ©ration de la thĂ©orie de l’activitĂ©. Nous proposons une lecture qui illustre comment le dĂ©veloppement d'une formation en alternance Science et technologie auprĂšs d’élĂšves a pris forme grĂące Ă  la collaboration de groupes d’agents variĂ©s. Ce dĂ©veloppement est prĂ©sentĂ© sous l'angle d'un processus d'apprentissage expansif qui a nĂ©cessitĂ© un engagement de la part d’agents pour transformer l’environnement d’apprentissage et pour augmenter la persĂ©vĂ©rance scolaire des Ă©lĂšves. Utilisant deux principes Ă©pistĂ©mologiques Ă  la base de l'intervention en thĂ©orie de l'activitĂ©, la stimulation duale et la logique du mouvement ascendant de l’abstrait au concret, nous documentons les tensions et les contradictions au sein et entre les systĂšmes d'activitĂ© identifiĂ©s dans cette recherche. Nous prĂ©sentons Ă©galement les actions d'apprentissage expansives qui ont donnĂ© une impulsion Ă  un cycle d’expansion dans le contexte d’une formation en alternance chez des Ă©lĂšves du 2e cycle du secondaire. L'intervention, d'inspiration laboratoire du changement, a permis Ă  un groupe d'agents qui ont partagĂ© le dĂ©veloppement de ce modĂšle en alternance, de modĂ©liser et d'implĂ©menter un nouveau modĂšle de formation et d'en articuler des conditions de mise en place en apparence contradictoires. Mots clĂ©: Apprentissage expansif, contradiction, formation en alternance, laboratoire du changement, thĂ©orie de l'activitĂ©, tension.This master thesis documents an interventionist research, the stance of which is rooted in a sociocultural-historical epistemology. We propose a reading that shows the development of an organizational model for “alternance” (school-entrepreneurship) training with a view to improving persistence in school, particularly in the Science and technology track for students with learning difficulties from underprivileged background. This development is presented from the perspective of an expansive learning process that required a commitment on the part of agents to transform the learning environment and increase student retention. Working from two epistemological principles underlying the intervention in activity theory, the principles of double stimulation and ascending from the abstract to the concrete, we document the internal contradictions in activity systems and illustrate the actions that took place in an expansive learning cycle. The Change Laboratory inspired intervention approach allowed a multidisciplinary group of agents to model and implement a new model and go beyond contradictions. Keywords: Alternance training, change Laboratory, contradiction, Activity Theory, expansive learning, tension

    Pertinence pédagogique de la simulation clinique par réalité virtuelle dans la formation collégiale Soins préhospitaliers d'urgence 181.A0 [rapport de recherche]

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    PAREA n°PA-2017-010La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supĂ©rieur dans le cadre du Programme d'aide Ă  la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA).Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques

    Mutants de l'antigÚne grand T du virus du polyome affectés dans la réplication virale

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    Afin de mieux comprendre le mĂ©canisme d'action de la rĂ©plication du virus du polyome, nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© l'impact que possĂšde diffĂ©rents mutants de grand T qui sont affectĂ©s dans cette fonction. Les mutants sont classĂ©s en deux catĂ©gories, avec ou sans activitĂ© rĂ©plicative. La production de doubles mutants ainsi que la complĂ©mentation entre les mutants a permis de dĂ©montrer que l'antigĂšne grand T est influencĂ© par diffĂ©rents facteurs en cis et trans, qui permettent a grand T de rĂ©pliquer efficacement un vecteur ADN portant l'origine de rĂ©plication virale dans diffĂ©rents types cellulaires. Le domaine aminoterminal (NT) de grand T joue un rĂŽle prĂ©pondĂ©rant dans l'activitĂ© de l'antigĂšne. En plus de permettre l'avancement du cycle cellulaire par sa liaison au produit du gĂšne du rĂ©tinoblastome, il stimule en trans l'activitĂ© du domaine carboxy-terminal (CT) Ă  un niveau comparable Ă  celui de grand T. De plus, dans le contexte de grand T, le domaine NT stimule la portion CT par un effet cis. La fonction attribuable Ă  NT peut ĂȘtre liĂ©e Ă  l'observation rĂ©cente que les sĂ©quences N-terminales des antigĂšnes T prĂ©sentent une homologie avec les domaines J des chaperones molĂ©culaires DnaJ. L'absence ou un changement dans la structure du domaine J dans grand T du virus du polyome diminue son efficacitĂ© rĂ©plicative. Ces mutants peuvent ĂȘtre complĂ©mentĂ©s par NT. Toutefois, la prĂ©sence du domaine J n'est pas seule responsable de l'activitĂ© de NT. L'absence d'un site de phosphorylation (a.a. 270-280) de grand T impliquĂ© dans la rĂ©plication attribue un caractĂšre dominant nĂ©gatif au mutant LTdl97. Par la formation d'hexamĂšres hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes inactifs avec grand T, via la structure en doigt de zinc, LTdl97 prĂ©vient un Ă©vĂ©nement de phosphorylation et/ou dĂ©phosphorylation conduisant Ă  l'inactivation de l'hexamĂšre."--RĂ©sumĂ© abrĂ©gĂ© par UMI

    Introduction to the Festschrift

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    International audienceThis Festschrift is a collection of invited research articles on the occasion of Pierre L'Ecuyer's 70th birthday in 2020. During the pandemic, a celebration with friends and colleagues was impossible. When discussing the opportunity to publish a Festschrift instead, support has been enthusiastic. We are grateful to the authors of this volume for their endorsement and their ready willingness to contribute. The works reflect Pierre's influence on the fields of stochastic modeling, simulation, and operations research. It is a real pleasure to present this Festschrift to honor Pierre L'Ecuyer

    Introduction to the Festschrift

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    International audienceThis Festschrift is a collection of invited research articles on the occasion of Pierre L'Ecuyer's 70th birthday in 2020. During the pandemic, a celebration with friends and colleagues was impossible. When discussing the opportunity to publish a Festschrift instead, support has been enthusiastic. We are grateful to the authors of this volume for their endorsement and their ready willingness to contribute. The works reflect Pierre's influence on the fields of stochastic modeling, simulation, and operations research. It is a real pleasure to present this Festschrift to honor Pierre L'Ecuyer

    Philosophie et sociologie

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    Bruno Karsenti, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Cyril Lemieux, directeurs d’étudesFrancesco Callegaro, docteur de l’EHESS Sociologie/philosophie. Les enjeux d’une conjonction Ce sĂ©minaire, pour la seconde annĂ©e, a confrontĂ© les approches de philosophes et de sociologues sur les questions de normativitĂ© et de rationalitĂ© qui se posent spĂ©cifiquement dans le cadre des sociĂ©tĂ©s modernes. Dans une premiĂšre sĂ©ance introductive, les quatre organisateurs ont prĂ©sentĂ© tour Ă  tour leurs perspectives concernant la..

    Théorie sociale et normativité

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    Bruno Karsenti, directeur d’études Les figures du lĂ©gislateur et l’esprit social des lois Le sĂ©minaire de cette annĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©gralement consacrĂ© Ă  la lecture de L’homme MoĂŻse et la religion monothĂ©iste de Freud, Ă  l’aide des questions politiques forgĂ©es les deux annĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©dentes Ă  propos de la figure rousseauiste du LĂ©gislateur. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, la caractĂ©risation de « l’acte par lequel un peuple est un peuple », reliĂ©e Ă  l’intervention d’un grand Ă©tranger requise pour la formation de la..

    Multi-template approaches for segmenting the hippocampus: the case of the SACHA software

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    International audienceThe hippocampus has been shown to play a crucial role in memory and learning. Its volumetry is a well-established biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Manual segmentation being time consuming and suffering from low reproducibility,robust automatic segmentation from routine T1 images is of high interest for studying large datasets. We previously proposed such an approach (SACHA, Chupin et al, 2007, 2009), based on competitive region deformation constrained by both anatomical landmarks and a single probabilistic template of 16 young healthy subjects registered using SPM5. The atlas being introduced as a soft constraint, robust results have been obtained in large series of patients with various pathologies. In recent years, multitemplate approaches have proven to be a powerful mean to increase segmentation robustness (Barnes et al, 2008) (Aljabar et al, 2009) (Heckemann et al 2006), more specifically for subjects with very large atrophy or atypical shapes (such as malrotations (Bernasconi et al, 2005) (Kim et al, 2012)).We propose here to evaluate the introduction of multiple-template constraints in SACHA

    Eliciting Awe in the Spectator: The Case of a Dhrupad-Based Dance Performance

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    This paper describes “Kalos, eüdos, skopeün,” an immersive Dhrupad-based dance installation designed to elicit feelings of awe in the spectators, in a real-life artistic context. This study used a mixed-methods approach in order to explore spectators’ awe experience (N=45), using specific scales and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results suggested that “Kalos, eüdos, skopeün,” with its combination of nature motifs and the slow dance-walk associated with the Dhrupad music in the choreography, was able to produce awe-related moments in some spectators and inspire a degree of positive emotions. Our qualitative results viewed awe explicitly as a positive emotion and showed that generally the spectator narratives, involving the whole performance, were based on modified states of consciousness. Three themes emerged: the main theme is “A rich experience of modified states of consciousness” involving the whole performance, and two interconnected sub-themes “Captivated by the slowness of the dancers” associated with the slow movement and “I can still hear the mantra in my head” in rapport with Dhrupad music. This study was carried out as part of the Canadian FRQSC/FCI Project (2019-RC2-260306)

    Eliciting Awe in the Spectator: The Case of a Dhrupad-Based Dance Performance

    Get PDF
    This paper describes “Kalos, eüdos, skopeün,” an immersive Dhrupad-based dance installation designed to elicit feelings of awe in the spectators, in a real-life artistic context. This study used a mixed-methods approach in order to explore spectators’ awe experience (N=45), using specific scales and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results suggested that “Kalos, eüdos, skopeün,” with its combination of nature motifs and the slow dance-walk associated with the Dhrupad music in the choreography, was able to produce awe-related moments in some spectators and inspire a degree of positive emotions. Our qualitative results viewed awe explicitly as a positive emotion and showed that generally the spectator narratives, involving the whole performance, were based on modified states of consciousness. Three themes emerged: the main theme is “A rich experience of modified states of consciousness” involving the whole performance, and two interconnected sub-themes “Captivated by the slowness of the dancers” associated with the slow movement and “I can still hear the mantra in my head” in rapport with Dhrupad music. This study was carried out as part of the Canadian FRQSC/FCI Project (2019-RC2-260306)
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