“AE IRMÃO, QUER SABER DO NOSSO DIA A DIA? COLA NA ESQUINA DA PERIFERIA”: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O MOVIMENTO HIP-HOP E A FORMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA DE SUJEITO PERIFÉRICO NO EXTREMO-LESTE ORLANDINO (1990-2010)

Ao longo deste artigo, buscaremos analisar o movimento Hip-Hop no município de Orlândia, localizado na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Destacaremos neste estudo, que este movimento no contexto desta cidade tomou forma através das músicas do grupo de rap Mente Armada, da dança breaking dos Maincon’s e pelas pichações com frases de ordem pela cidade. Da mesma forma, nesta investigação destacaremos as contribuições deste movimento na construção identitária de “sujeito periférico”, sobretudo, na região do extremo-leste orlandino, que corresponde aos bairros Jardim Santa Rita e Conjunto Habitacional José Vieira Brasão.

Periferia, migração e cotidiano: notas acerca da inserção de migrantes nordestinos em um pequeno município paulista (1990-2010)

O presente texto busca realizar uma breve discussão acerca da inserção de migrantes nordestinos na região periférica de um pequeno município localizado no nordeste do estado de São Paulo (Orlândia). Para isto, este texto se utilizará de análises que se encontram em desenvolvimento sobre esta temática, em especial, daremos destaque aos processos de segregação e estigmatização dos migrantes nordestinos a partir de sua relação/contato com os moradores locais (paulistas/orlandinos) na região periférica (Bairros Conjunto Habitacional José Vieira Brasão e Jardim Santa Rita) do município de Orlândia-SP. Palavras-Chave: Migração. Periferia. Nordestinos. Paulistas.This paper proposes a brief discussion about the insertion of northeastern migrants in the peripheral region of a small municipality located in the northeast of the state of São Paulo (Orlândia). For this, this text will use analyzes that are under development on this theme, in particular, we will highlight the processes of segregation and stigmatization of northeastern migrants from their relationship / contact with local residents (paulistas / orlandinos) in the region neighborhood (José Vieira Brazão and Jardim Santa Rita) in the municipality of Orlândia-SP. Keywords: Migration. Periphery. Northeast. Paulistas

Avaliação ambiental de manguezais adjacentes aos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

Among the various effects caused by the climate change and human intervention, the mangrove ecosystem changes through of the years has been worth mentioning, which hasn t known which are the pros and cons for the adjacent coastal and estuarine environments yet. It happens due to the present dynamism in these areas, besides of the difficult understanding of the processes associated with evolution. This study aimed to environmentally evaluate adjacent mangroves from the Macau and Serra oil fields, located on Rio Grande do Norte northern coast, to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process, as well as, according to the principles of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), to assess the amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered by the studied ecosystem. An inventory was conducted through mangrouve mapping which has supplied this research, especially regarding to the structural characterization of mangrove areas. To understand the local mangrove behavior in a greater level detail, techniques of remote sensing, GIS and GPS were used to make an analogy between the current and past states of the mangrove studied, allowing to make anticipated projections for the future impacts or changes in that region. This study combined data from multispectral LANDSAT 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ with radar microwave data from SAR RADARSAT-1, which increased the interpretation capacity of the data from optical sensor systems. The interpretations have been supported by the data field, representing a better and innovative methodology for the environmental and taxonomic characterization of mangrove forests considered. The results reveal that mangroves of the Ponta do Tubarão Sustainable Development Reserve are biologically representative areas and providing a variety of benefits, especially for local communities, constituting the priority sites for actions development aimed at conservation. They also have been showing the necessity to make mitigating measures in order to recover degraded areas through reforestation or creating new areas of mangrove, as currently 7.1% of the mangrove forests studied are dead or in an advanced state of decomposition. The amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered proved very significant when analyzed for the whole area, which is able to sequester atmospheric 4,294,458 Ton CO2 per yearDentre os diversos efeitos provocados pelas mudanças climáticas e pela intervenção humana, as alterações no ecossistema manguezal vêm merecendo destaque, cujas implicações para os ambientes estuarinos e costeiros adjacentes ainda estão distantes de serem conhecidas. Isto ocorre devido ao dinamismo presente nessas áreas, assim como a difícil compreensão dos processos associados à evolução das mesmas. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar ambientalmente manguezais adjacentes aos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra, localizados no litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo, além de, dentro dos princípios do chamado Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), avaliar a quantidade de carbono atmosférico sequestrado para o ecossistema estudado. Através de mapeamento do manguezal, foi realizado um inventário, o que forneceu subsídios para o delineamento desta pesquisa, principalmente, no que diz respeito à caracterização estrutural da área de manguezal. Para entender o comportamento do manguezal em questão em um nível maior de detalhe, buscaram-se explicações em unidades espaciais maiores. Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto, SIG e GPS forneceram informações de comparação entre os estados atual e passado do manguezal, possibilitando projeções antecipadas para os futuros impactos ou alterações desta região. Este trabalho combinou dados multiespectrais do LANDSAT 5 TM, LANDSAT 7 ETM+ com dados de microondas de radar do tipo SAR do RADARSAT-1, ampliando a capacidade de interpretação dos dados de sistemas de sensores óticos. As interpretações foram apoiadas com dados de campo, objetivando uma melhor e inovadora metodologia para a caracterização ambiental e taxonômica das florestas de mangue em questão. Os resultados encontrados revelam que os manguezais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão são áreas representativas biologicamente e que fornecem uma variedade de benefícios, principalmente para as comunidades locais, constituindo-se de sítios prioritários para o desenvolvimento de ações com vistas a sua conservação. Revelam também a necessidade de se tomar medidas mitigadoras no sentido de recuperar as áreas degradadas ou através do reflorestamento se criar novas áreas de manguezal, pois atualmente 7,1% das florestas de mangue estudadas encontram-se mortas ou em estado de decomposição bem avançado. A quantidade de carbono atmosférico sequestrado se mostrou bem significativa quando analisado para toda a área em questão, sendo esta, capaz de sequestrar 4.294.458 Ton CO2 atmosférico/an

Automatic classification of lithofacies using fast independent component analysis

The problem of automatic classification of facies was addressed using the Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA) of a data set of geophysical well logs of the Namorado Field, Campos Basin, Brazil, followed by a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification. The goal of an automatic classification of facies is to produce spatial models of facies that assist the geological characterization of petroleum reservoirs. The FastICA technique provides a new data set that has the most stable and less Gaussian distribution possible. The k-NN classifies this new data set according to its characteristics. The previous application of FastICA improves the accuracy of the k-NN automatic classification and it also provides better results in comparison with the automatic classification by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.The problem of automatic classification of facies was addressed using the Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA) of a data set of geophysical well logs of the Namorado Field, Campos Basin, Brazil, followed by a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification. The goal of an automatic classification of facies is to produce spatial models of facies that assist the geological characterization of petroleum reservoirs. The FastICA technique provides a new data set that has the most stable and less Gaussian distribution possible. The k-NN classifies this new data set according to its characteristics. The previous application of FastICA improves the accuracy of the k-NN automatic classification and it also provides better results in comparison with the automatic classification by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA)331119126Barboza, E.G., (2005) Análise Estratigráfica Do Campo De Namorado Com Base Na interpretação Sísmica Tridimensional, 230p. , Doctorate Thesis – UFRGS, BrazilCardoso, J.F., Souloumiac, A., Blind beamforming for non Gaussian signals (1993) IEE Proceedings-F, 140 (6), pp. 362-370Casey, M.A., Method for extracting features from a mixture of signals (2001) Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, , Inc., Cambridge, MA, U.S. Patent n. 6,321,200Comon, P., Independent Component Analysis: A new concept? 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WashingtonFlexa, R.T., Rade, A., Carrasquilla, A., Identificação de litotipos nos perfis de poço do Campo de Namorado (Bacia de Campos, Brasil) e do Lago Maracaibo (Venezuela) aplicando estatística multivariada (2004) Revista Brasileira De Geociências, 34 (4), pp. 571-578Françamm, Análise do uso da terra no município de Viçosa-MG mediado por classificações supervisionadas com Redes Neurais Artificiais e Maxver (2009) Revista Brasileira De Geografia Física, 2 (3), pp. 92-101Giannakopoulos, X., Karhunen, J., Oja, E., A Comparison of neural ICA algorithms using Real-world data (1999) International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2, pp. 888-893. , Washington, DCHyvärinen, A., Fast and Robust Fixed-Point Algorithms for IndependentComponentAnalysis (1999) IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 10 (3), pp. 626-634Hyvärinen, A., Oja, E., A Fast fixed-point algorithm for Independent Component Analysis (1997) Neural Computation, 9 (7), pp. 1483-1492Hyvärinen, A., Karhunen, J., Oja, E., (2001) Independent Component Analysis, 504p. , Wiley and Sons, New YorkKuhn, H.W., Tucker, A.W., Nonlinear programming (1951) Proceedings of Berkeleysymposium, 2, pp. 481-492. , Berkeley: University of California PressLeite, E.P., Souza Filho, C.R., TEXTNN – A MATLAB program for textural classification using neural networks (2009) Computers& Geosciences, 35 (10), pp. 2084-2094Macleod, A.J., A generalization of Newton-Raphson (1984) Int. 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Saturated hydraulic conductivity of municipal solid waste considering the influence of biodegradation

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOMunicipal solid waste (MSW) permeability is influenced mainly by compaction, unit weight, overburden pressure, composition, and biodegradation of the waste. However, the variation of hydraulic conductivity with MSW biodegrading over time has not yet been14491449FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2010/18560-

Um Problema de Escalonamento de Trens Usando Programação por Restrições

Neste artigo, Programaçõo por Restrições é aplicada ao problemado Escalonamento de Trens. O objetivo consiste em encontrar o menor tempo para que trens em estações em dois extremos cruzem um percurso pré-definido, evitando o cruzamento com trens em direções opostas. Após modelagem e implementação, os resultados de tempo levantados são aceitáveis, dada a complexidade desta classe de problema. Este resultado fortalece a CP como uma teoria atrativa a ser aplicado a problemas reais

Skull of Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) - Morphometric Parameters

Background: The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest rodent in the world. They are territorial animals, and live in social groups, commonly occurring in anthropized area, what has attracted the attention of researchers in relation to this animal species, since it is the host of the Amblyomma cajennese tick that transmits spotted-fever to humans and are responsible for severe impact on livestock and public health. The skull is a part of the axial skeleton that enclosing the brain, sensory organs and digestive and respiratory structures. Moreover, the phenotypic appearance of the capybara head depends on the shape of the skull. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the reference values of cranial measurements of capybaras. The knowledge of morphometric parameters of skull is pivotal for veterinary treatment of pathological conditions and taxonomic affiliation. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) skulls were used in this study, irrespective of age and sex. The skulls belonging to the anatomical collection of the Laboratory of Wildlife Anatomy and Anatomical Museum, Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo. A total of 35 morphometric parameters were performed using a digital caliper and 6 cranial indices were calculated. All investigated features were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Anatomically, capybara skull were elongated, rectangle-like and consisted of cranial and facial bones. The morphometric parameters were used to calculate the following craniometrics indices: skull index (57.86 ± 3.62), cranial index (50.49 ± 2.08), facial index (49.22 ± 3.82), basal index (33.98 ± 0.86), nasal index (26.73 ± 3.1), and the foramen magnum index (149.61 ± 1.07). Moreover, the facial part length (mean 137.90 mm) and cranium part length (mean 87.76 mm) also were calculated. The facial part length was a distance from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the rostral edge of the incisive bone and, the cranium part length was a distance from the external occipital protuberance to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.  Discussion: This study established morphometric parameters in the capybara skull. The craniometric measurements showed in this study are compatible with reported in other studies in the capybara skull, although the most parameters measured in this study were not calculated in previous studies of the capybara skull. Moreover, none of the cranial indices calculated in this study were previously calculated. Based on some cranial measurements, the 8 capybaras used in this study could be classified into subadult (4) and adults (4). The foramen magnum showed a dorsal triangular notch in the capybara skull differently from described in the Cavia spp., and similar to reported to other rodent as Gambian rat and other mammals species such as maned wolf, four-toed hedgehog, and dromedaries. The rectangular shape of the capybara skull is different from that found in other caviids rodents such as Brazilian guinea pig. The capybara skull showed greater development of the facial part in relation to the cranial part, which allows to relate the skull shape with the skull shape presented by dolichocephalics dogs. This feature is commonly reported in large caviomorph rodents. Probably, this morphology is compatible with the ecology and phylogeny of the species. Keywords: capybaras, craniometry, cranium, veterinary anatomy, wildlife.

Associations of hospitalisation - admission, readmission and length to stay - with multimorbidity patterns by age and sex in adults and older adults: the ELSI-Brazil study

BACKGROUND: Although the association between multimorbidity (MM) and hospitalisation is known, the different effects of MM patterns by age and sex in this outcome needs to be elucidated. Our study aimed to analyse the association of hospitalisations' variables (occurrence, readmission, length of stay) and patterns of multimorbidity (MM) according to sex and age. METHODS: Data from 8.807 participants aged ≥ 50 years sourced from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) were analysed. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥ 2 (MM2) and ≥ 3 (MM3) chronic conditions. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between the independent variables and hospitalisation according to sex and age group. Multiple linear regression models were constructed for the outcomes of readmission and length of stay. Ising models were used to estimate the networks of diseases and MM patterns. RESULTS: Regarding the risk of hospitalisation among those with MM2, we observed a positive association with male sex, age ≥ 75 years and women aged ≥ 75 years. For MM3, there was a positive association with hospitalisation among males. For the outcomes hospital readmission and length of stay, we observed a positive association with male sex and women aged ≥ 75 years. Network analysis identified two groups that are more strongly associated with occurrence of hospitalisation: the cardiovascular-cancer-glaucoma-cataract group stratified by sex and the neurodegenerative diseases-renal failure-haemorrhagic stroke group stratified by age group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the association between hospitalisation, readmission, length of stay, and MM changes when sex and age group are considered. Differences were identified in the MM patterns associated with hospitalisation according to sex and age group

Multimorbidity patterns and hospitalisation occurrence in adults and older adults aged 50 years or over

Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults and can lead to hospitalisation. We investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and multimorbidity pattern associated to hospitalisation, readmission, and length of stay in the population aged 50 years and older. We analysed baseline data (2015-2016) from the ELSI-Brazil cohort, a representative sample of non-institutionalised Brazilians aged ≥ 50 years. In total, 8807 individuals aged ≥ 50 years were included. Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for confounders was used to verify the associations with hospitalisation. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the associations with readmission and length of stay. Network analysis was conducted using 19 morbidities and the outcome variables. In 8807 participants, the prevalence of hospitalisation was 10.0% (95% CI 9.1, 11), mean readmissions was 1.55 ± 1.191, and mean length of stay was 6.43 ± 10.46 days. Hospitalisation was positively associated with male gender, not living with a partner, not having ingested alcoholic beverages in the last month, and multimorbidity. For hospital readmission, only multimorbidity ≥ 3 chronic conditions showed a statistically significant association. Regarding the length of stay, the risk was positive for males and negative for living in rural areas. Five disease groups connected to hospitalisation, readmission and length of stay were identified. To conclude, sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age group, and living in urban areas, and multimorbidity increased the risk of hospitalisation, mean number of readmissions, and mean length of stay. Through network analysis, we identified the groups of diseases that increased the risk of hospitalisation, readmissions, and length of stay