NA57 main results

The CERN NA57 experiment was designed to study the production of strange and multi-strange particles in heavy ion collisions at SPS energies; its physics programme is essentially completed. A review of the main results is presented.Comment: SQM 2007 Conference Proceeding

Tailoring restoration interventions to the grassland-savanna-forest complex in central Brazil

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Quantifying Bimodality Part 2: A Likelihood Ratio Test for the Comparison of a Unimodal Normal Distribution and a Bimodal Mixture of Two Normal Distributions. Bruno D. Zumbo is

Scientists in a variety of fields are often faced with the question of whether a sample is best described as unimodal or bimodal. In an earlier paper (Frankland & Zumbo, 2002), a simple and convenient method for assessing bimodality was described. That method is extended by developing and demonstrating a likelihood ratio test (LRT) for bimodality for the comparison of a unimodal normal distribution and a bimodal mixture of two normal distributions. As in Frankland and Zumbo (2002), the LRT approach is demonstrated using algorithms in SPSS

Coupling of Transport and Chemical Processes in Catalytic Combustion

Catalytic combustors have demonstrated the ability to operate efficiently over a much wider range of fuel air ratios than are imposed by the flammability limits of conventional combustors. Extensive commercial use however needs the following: (1) the design of a catalyst with low ignition temperature and high temperature stability, (2) reducing fatigue due to thermal stresses during transient operation, and (3) the development of mathematical models that can be used as design optimization tools to isolate promising operating ranges for the numerous operating parameters. The current program of research involves the development of a two dimensional transient catalytic combustion model and the development of a new catalyst with low temperature light-off and high temperature stablity characteristics

Quantifying Bimodality Part I: An Easily Implemented Method Using \u3cem\u3eSPSS\u3c/em\u3e

Scientists in a variety of fields are faced with the question of whether or not a particular sample of data are best described as unimodal or bimodal. We provide a simple and convenient method for assessing bimodality. The use of the non-linear algorithms in SPSS for modeling complex mixture distributions is demonstrated on a unimodal normal distribution (with 2 free parameters) and on bimodal mixture of two normal distributions (with 5 free parameters)

1/N Expansion in Correlated Graphene

We examine the 1/N expansion, where N is the number of two-component Dirac fermions, for Coulomb interactions in graphene with a gap of magnitude $\Delta = 2 m$. We find that for $N\alpha\gg1$, where $\alpha$ is graphene's "fine structure constant", there is a crossover as a function of distance $r$ from the usual 3D Coulomb law, $V(r) \sim 1/r$, to a 2D Coulomb interaction, $V(r) \sim \ln(N\alpha/mr)$, for $m^{-1} \ll r \ll m^{-1} N \alpha/6$. This effect reflects the weak "confinement" of the electric field in the graphene plane. The crossover also leads to unusual renormalization of the quasiparticle velocity and gap at low momenta. We also discuss the differences between the interaction potential in gapped graphene and usual QED for different coupling regimes.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; expanded presentation, references adde

Tratamiento de la infección crónica por el VHB

The treatment of the patient with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) must be carried out with the knowledge that the percentage of patients infected with the B virus that develop chronic hepatitis remains between 5-10%. Of these, 10-30% will present chronic infection with active viral replication, necroinflammatory hepatic lesion, evolution to hepatic cirrhosis and the risk of developing hepatocarcinoma. For this reason, the aim of treatment is to achieve negativisation of the HBeAg, seroconversion to anti-HBe and a reduction of viral replication to undetectable values (estimated by level of DNA-HBV), for protracted periods of time. When a sustained loss of HBeAg and a reduction of viral replication are obtained, a biochemical, clinical and histological remission is achieved. Up until now the therapeutic alternatives in chronic infection by the B virus have been immunomodulation with Interferon alpha and the blocking of viral replication with lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil. A difference must be drawn between the biochemical response, defined as a fall in the transaminases to normal values, and the virological response, which refers to a fall in the levels of DNA-HBV below 10(5) copies/ml. Finally, the complete response is defined as the virological and biochemical response with negativisation of the HBsAg. If a sustained response is obtained for several months, a histological response can be predicted with reduction in the intensity of the hepatic lesion and an absence or stabilisation in the process of fibrosis. The sustained response should last for no less than 6 to 12 months following the end of treatmen