Guarda responsável de tutores de cães e gatos esterilizados em programa público

Cães e gatos errantes no Brasil é um problema detectado há anos e de difícil solução, ocasionando problemas de saúde pública. É fundamental o correto tratamento da questão pelo poder público para seu enfrentamento. Os programas de manejo populacional de cães e gatos devem contemplar diferentes pontos, a fim de surtirem o efeito desejado. Dois pilares fundamentais são a esterilização dos animais, evitando a procriação descontrolada, e a educação para a guarda responsável, tendo em vista a grande influência do comportamento humano sobre aspectos fundamentais como o abandono e o descaso com os animais. O trabalho analisou o perfil dos tutores do programa público municipal de esterilização de cães e gatos do Município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, especialmente do ponto de vista da guarda responsável dos animais. A pesquisa se deu em duas etapas simultâneas entre junho de 2019 e março de 2020. Uma delas avaliou, através de questionário, a guarda responsável dos tutores e a correlacionou com suas informações socioeconômicas. Os resultados evidenciaram níveis intermediários de guarda responsável, para questões que envolviam cuidados básicos com os animais, e houve correlação direta com a renda familiar mensal e o grau de escolaridade do tutor. Tutores somente de felinos se mostraram menos responsáveis com os animais. A outra etapa envolveu a determinação do perfil dos animais e tutores atendidos pelo programa e sua localização no Município. A maioria dos animais esterilizados eram cadelas jovens e de regiões próximas ao local das cirurgias. Os tutores eram principalmente mulheres, de idade entre 31 e 40 anos, com ensino médio completo, renda familiar mensal de até um salário-mínimo e possuíam cães e gatos concomitantemente. Apesar do nível intermediário de guarda responsável detectado nos tutores, e da dificuldade de acesso físico ou de mensuração dos resultados das esterilizações, a pesquisa se mostrou promissora em permitir aperfeiçoamentos a esse e a outros programas de manejo populacional de cães e gatos. Salienta-se assim a importância de abordagem de múltiplos pontos para um programa mais efetivo, entre eles a promoção de estudos de dinâmica populacional, ou ações educativas para a ampliação do conceito de guarda responsável.Wandering dogs and cats in Brazil is a problem that has been detected for years and is difficult to solve, causing public health problems. The correct treatment of the issue by the public authorities is essential to face it. Population management programs for dogs and cats should include different points to have the desired effect. Two fundamental pillars are the sterilization of animals, avoiding uncontrolled procreation, and education for responsible guarding, in view of the great influence of human behavior on fundamental aspects such as abandonment and neglect with animals. The work analyzed the profile of dogs and cats guardians in the municipal public sterilization program of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, especially from the point of view of responsible guarding of animals. The research took place in two simultaneous stages between June 2019 and March 2020. One of them evaluated, through a questionnaire, the responsible guardianship of the guardians and correlated it with their socioeconomic information. The results showed intermediate levels of responsible guardianship, for issues that involved basic care for animals, and there was a direct correlation with the monthly family income and the guardian’s level of education. Cat-only guardians were less responsible for the animals. The other stage involved determining the profile of the animals and guardians served by the program and their location in the city. Most of the sterilized animals were young female dogs from regions close to the surgery site. The guardians were mainly women, aged between 31 and 40 years old, with complete high school education, monthly family income of up to one minimum wage and had dogs and cats concomitantly. Despite the intermediate level of responsible guarding detected in the guardians, and the difficulty of physical access or measurement of the results of the sterilizations, the research has shown promise to allow improvements to this and other dogs and cats population management programs. Thus, the importance of approaching multiple points is emphasized for a more effective program, among them the promotion of studies of population dynamics, or educational actions to expand the concept of responsible guardianship

Luxação caudoventral de quadril em um mini-pig

A miniature pig was examined because of left pelvic limb lameness after falling from a short height. Clinical examination and radiographs of the pelvic region revealed a left caudoventral hip luxation. Surgical reduction of luxation was performed on the patient under general anesthesia using a transarticular pinning technique. Postoperative radiographs confirmed that the luxation was reduced, the joint was aligned, and the transarticular pinning was correct. The transarticular pin was removed 21 days after it was surgically inserted. The limb was fully functional in the immediate postoperative period. Nine months after the surgery, the patient could use the limb properly, but mild degenerative joint disease was observed via radiographic follow-up. This technique may be a viable treatment option for the repair of caudoventral hip luxation in miniature pigs.Um mini-pig foi atendido devido à claudicação do membro pélvico esquerdo após pequena queda. O exame clínico e radiografias da região pélvica revelaram uma luxação caudoventral de quadril no lado esquerdo. A redução cirúrgica da luxação foi realizada, com o paciente sob anestesia geral, usando um pino transarticular. As radiografias pós-operatórias confirmaram que a luxação foi reduzida, com alinhamento e fixação transarticular corretos. O pino transarticular foi removido cirurgicamente 21 dias após de ter sido inserido. O membro se tornou totalmente funcional já no período pós-operatório imediato. Nove meses após a cirurgia, o paciente utilizava o membro corretamente, porém foi detectada doença articular degenerativa leve através de acompanhamento radiográfico. A técnica empregada foi uma opção viável de tratamento para a reparação da luxação caudoventral de quadril em mini-pig

Dioctophyma renale in gestant female dog : case report

O Dioctophyma renale é um nematódeo de ocorrência mundial que parasita os rins de cães e de outras espécies de animais domésticos. O parasito adulto localiza-se no rim do hospedeiro definitivo e, desse modo, os ovos podem ser eliminados com a urina, o que faz da urinálise um dos principais métodos diagnósticos, assim como o ultrassom. Por ser um nematódeo muito grande, e comumente destruir o órgão parasitado, a remoção cirúrgica do órgão é o principal tratamento. O trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o caso de uma cadela gestante parasitada por Dioctophyma renale. Durante avaliação para ovariohisterectomia eletiva, foi detectada a prenhez e o parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale, através de ultrassonografia abdominal e urinálise. A paciente completou a gestação no tempo correto, parindo um filhote saudável. Trinta dias após o parto, a paciente foi submetida à nefrectomia total do rim acometido, recuperando-se completamente. O tempo de espera até o final da gestação para o tratamento cirúrgico não comprometeu a recuperação da paciente, assim como o parasitismo não afetou feto.Dioctophyma renale is a worldwide occurring nematode that parasites the kidneys of dogs and other domestic animal species. The adult parasite is located in the kidney of the definitive host and, thus, the eggs can be eliminated with the urine, which makes urinalysis one of the main diagnostic methods, as well as the ultrasound. Because it is a very large nematode, and commonly destroys the parasited organ, surgical removal of the organ is the main treatment. The objective of this study was to report the case of a pregnant female dog parasitized by Dioctophyma renale. During evaluation for elective ovariohysterectomy, pregnancy and parasitism were detected by Dioctophyma renale, through abdominal ultrasonography and urinalysis. The patient completed the gestation at the correct time, giving birth to a healthy pupy. Thirty days after delivery, the patient underwent complete nephrectomy of the involved kidney, recovering completely. The waiting time until the end of gestation for the surgical treatment did not compromise the recovery of the patient, just as the parasitism did not affect the fetus

Implant of Port-o-Cath for antineoplastic chemotherapy in a canine: case report

O Port-o-Cath é um cateter venoso central totalmente implantável, o qual permite a infusão de quimioterápicos, hemoderivados, nutrição parenteral e coleta de sangue. Este trabalho relata o caso de um canino com um tumor no membro pélvico que foi tratado cirurgicamente e recebeu o cateter para a quimioterapia antineoplásica. A paciente possuía um sarcoma sinovial, tumor incomum em cães, que acomete normalmente as articulações e exige terapia multimodal. O tratamento foi feito em duas etapas; na primeira, o membro foi amputado e, na segunda, foi realizado o implante do Port-o-Cath e exérese de nódulo metastático. A cadela respondeu satisfatoriamente à cirurgia e realizou as sessões de quimioterapia com perfeito funcionamento do cateter, indo a óbito por outras causas 90 dias após o procedimento. O implante de Port-o-Cath para a quimioterapia é um grande aliado à terapia multimodal preconizada para o câncer, podendo o cateter ser considerado em pacientes que necessitem de medicação quimioterápica por longo período.The Port-a-Cath is a totally implantable central venous catheter that allows the infusion of chemotherapeutic agents, blood products, parenteral nutrition, and blood sample collection. This work reports the case of a dog with a tumor in the pelvic limb that was treated surgically and received the catheter for cancer chemotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon tumor in dogs that usually affects the joints and requires multimodal therapy. The treatment was done in two steps, in the first the limb was amputated and in the second the Port-a-Cath implantation and the excision of the metastatic nodule were performed. The dog responded well to surgery and chemotherapy sessions held with proper functioning of the catheter, and died from other causes 90 days after the procedure. The implantation of Port-a-Cath for chemotherapy is a great ally of multimodal therapy recommended for cancer, so this catheter may be considered for patients requiring chemotherapy medication for a long period

Treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma through vascular access port vs. peripheral venous catheter

Background: Vascular access port (VAP) was developed for the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, minimizing local drug reactions and complications associated with migration of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) in humans. The device is widely used in human oncology and has gained importance in veterinary oncology, especially in long treatment regimens, as in the case of canine lymphoma. VAP favors therapy and the animals life quality. The aim of this study was to describe the use of VAP in dogs, comparing to PVC access, during canine lymphoma chemotherapeutic treatment. Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven dogs with multicentric lymphoma which required chemotherapy were selected for the study. The dogs were randomly allocated to two groups with five and six animals, and each group received the chemotherapy protocol through the PVC (n= 5) or VAP (n= 6). For the sake of standardization, assessments were made whenever the dogs received vincristine sulfate, despite the use of the infusion system in all sessions of the Madison- Wisconsin protocol. A VAP was implanted into the right external jugular vein of six dogs under inhalational anesthesia, using the Seldinger technique. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels and handling time during chemotherapy sessions were compared in both groups in three time periods during the procedures: 10 min after arrival to each chemotherapy (P1); immediately after placement of the PVC or puncture of the VAP reservoir (P2); and at the end of chemotherapy (P3). The arithmetic mean of five consecutive assessments was used in each time period. In the chemotherapy sessions, the mean of SBP variation decreased statistically significant in the VAP group compared to PVC group. SBP decreased from P1 to P2 and from P1 to P3 in all sessions (S1, S2, and S3) in the VAP group, and increased in the PVC group. The handling time of VAP group was 110.6 ± 8.4 s, compared to 219.2 ± 24.7 s (mean ± standard error) in the PVC group, showing statisti¬cally significant difference (P < 0.001). VAP surgical implantation time averaged 37 min, decreasing gradually from the first (55 min) to the last patient (21 min). Discussion: SBP levels suggest that the VAP group was calmer from the beginning to the end of the sessions, showed lower SBP levels, and required shorter handling time than did the PVC group. Blood pressure is one of the most objec¬tive ways to assess welfare or stress in dogs. When dog feels threatened or scared, its body automatically enters a state of emergency and, among several changes, blood pressure increases. VAP surgical implantation in dogs have easy learning, as previously described, proven by implantation time progressive reduction. The Seldinger technique is the method of choice for catheter implantation in humans. Dissection of the jugular vein is an alternative, however, the technique with a single incision and venipuncture is less invasive than its modifications. The jugular vein was used because is the site of choice for central accesses in veterinary practice, with a shorter path to the right atrium and smaller rates of catheter mis¬placement, reducing the risk of pneumothorax, venous thrombosis, and pinch-off syndrome. VAP surgical implantation in dogs have easy learning, proven by the implantation time progressive reduction. The study confirmed that VAP promoted animal welfare, shortened chemotherapy sessions, and caused less discomfort to dogs treated for multicentric lymphoma, as indicated by the reduction in SBP, when compared to the PVC group

Feline Prostatic Carcinoma

Background: Prostatic cancer is a rare condition in cats but should be included as a differential diagnosis whenever middle-aged cats present lower urinary tract signs, such as dysuria and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound can indicate the disease, but fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology are necessary to establish the neoplastic origin and the therapeutic plan. Because of the limited data, no standard-of-care treatment or prognostic information exists in cats with prostate carcinoma. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical approach in a case of prostatic carcinoma in a cat. Case: A 6-year-old, intact male, domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 3-day history of dysuria, hematuria, inappetence, constipation, lethargy and prostration. On physical examination, the cat was in a very poor general condition and abdominal palpation revealed firm mass located caudally to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder presented high repletion degree, while the large bowel was distended and presented soft faecal content. Blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and high serum creatinine level, and severe hematuria, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound showed a mass located in the prostatic area with hypoechogenic and slightly heterogeneous parenchyma, measuring 3.3 x 3.0 cm. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine-needle aspiration of the prostate was performed. Microscopically, the cells were round with basophilic cytoplasm, and had round to ovoid nuclei, dense chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Some cells were binucleated and mild anisocytosis and marked anisokaryosis were documented. These findings were compatible with malignant prostatic neoplasia. After initial clinical stabilization, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for tumor resection. Cystotomy followed by pubic osteotomy was performed to access the tumor. Urethral anastomosis was necessary due to adherence of the neoplasm to adjacent structures. However, the patient died during the immediate postoperative period. No complications related to surgery were observed at necropsy. Tissue specimens were collected and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Prostatic carcinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry tests using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, and primary antibodies against vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and 7. Discussion: Prostatic neoplams are rare in cats and clinical signs are suggestive of lower urinary tract disease, such as dysuria and/or hematuria, associated with tenesmus. Abdominal or rectal palpation seems to be essential to detect the prostatic enlargement. Ultrasound imaging was more sensitive than radiography, since it brings more information about structure, size, form and prostatic internal architecture. The patient’s serum creatinine value above the normal range for cats indicated partial urethral obstruction, due to neoplastic concentric growth. Echo-guided trans-abdominal fine needle aspiration cytology was an effective method to confirm neoplastic etiology. The advanced stage of the disease and poor clinical condition probably contributed to death at the immediate postoperative period, even though the surgical technique seemed to be appropriate as demonstrated at necropsy. Also, the immunohistochemistry tests allowed to confirm the diagnosis and excluded the main differential diagnoses, such as urothelial carcinoma and prostatic sarcomatoid carcinoma

Allogeneic bone graft devitalized in liquid nitrogen - sheep experimental study

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a taxa e a forma de incorporação do aloenxerto ósseo cortical, submetido ao congelamento em nitrogênio líquido e inserido em tíbias de ovelhas. Foram utilizadas seis ovelhas clinicamente sadias que, aos pares, foram simultaneamente submetidas à ostectomia da diáfise tibial para a retirada de um segmento de 7cm que, após a desvitalização em nitrogênio líquido, foi implantado imediatamente no outro paciente e fixado com placa de compressão dinâmica (PCD) e parafusos corticais. Realizaram-se avaliações clínicas e radiográficas, imediatamente e a cada 30 dias, até o 180º dia de pós-operatório. Aos 180 dias, foi realizada eutanásia e coletouse a tíbia direita para avaliação histopatológica. Aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, foi observado o uso funcional do membro operado, sendo a união radiográfica das interfaces proximal e distal verificadas, em média, aos 95 dias. Com isso, pôde-se concluir que o nitrogênio líquido é um método adequado de desvitalização de aloimplantes ósseos corticais de ovelhas, proporcionando altas taxas de incorporação óssea, em média, aos 95 dias de pósoperatório.This study evaluated the allogeneic cortical bone graft incorporation after submission of the harvested fragment to a bout freezing in liquid nitrogen. Six adult sheep, clinically healthy, were submitted to a 7cm ostectomy of the tibial diaphysis. The fragment was submersed in a liquid nitrogen and implanted in another sheep missing a same-sized segment at the corresponding bone. Stabilization of the allograft in the host bone was accomplished by a dynamic compressive plate (DCP). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed in the immediate postoperatory period and in every 30 days for six months after surgery. The proximal and distal host-graft interfaces showed radiographic union at a mean postoperative time of 95 days in all the animals. The cortical bone allograft submitted to liquid nitrogen freezing provided adequate bone healing in the sheep model

Totally implantable vascular access port in dogs undergoing chemotherapy

Este estudo descreveu a utilização do cateter venoso central totalmente implantável (CVC-TI) e o comparou ao cateter venoso periférico (CVP) para sessões de quimioterapia em cães. Foram utilizados onze cães com diagnóstico de linfoma e que necessitavam do tratamento quimioterápico. Seis cães tiveram implantado na veia jugular externa direita um CVC-TI através da técnica de “Seldinger”, pelo qual receberam a medicação durante as sessões de quimioterapia. Outros cinco cães utilizaram o CVP convencional para o tratamento. Foram comparados a variação da pressão arterial sistólica, o tempo de manipulação do animal e o número de punções necessárias nas sessões de quimioterapia de ambos os grupos. O grupo CVC-TI apresentou redução da pressão arterial sistólica e menor tempo de manipulação do animal durante as sessões. Não houve diferença quanto ao número de punções entre os grupos. Amostras sanguíneas coletadas através do dispositivo foram fidedignas às convencionais. O CVC-TI, quando comparado ao CVP, se mostrou útil para reduzir o desconforto da manipulação dos cães em tratamento quimioterápico.This study described the use of totally implantable vascular access port (TI-VAC), compared to peripheral venous catheter (PVC) for chemotherapy sessions in dogs. Eleven dogs diagnosed with lymphoma and requiring chemotherapeutic treatment were included in the study. Six dogs had a TI-VAC implanted in the right external jugular vein through the "Seldinger” technique, for which they received the medication during the chemotherapy sessions. Five other dogs used conventional PVC for treatment. The systolic blood pressure variation, the time of animal’s manipulation and the number of punctures needed in the chemotherapy sessions of both groups were compared. The TI-VAC group presented systolic blood pressure reduction and shorter time of animal’s manipulation during the sessions. There was no difference in the number of punctures between groups. Blood samples collected through the device were reliable to conventional ones. The TI-VAC, when compared to PVC, was shown to be useful for reducing discomfort of dogs undergoing chemotherapy