135 research outputs found
Le fĂ©minisme dans les manuels dâhistoire nationale : enquĂȘte auprĂšs dâĂ©lĂšves quĂ©bĂ©cois de quatriĂšme secondaire
Plusieurs recherches en didactique de lâhistoire se sont intĂ©ressĂ©es Ă la faible prĂ©sence des femmes dans les manuels. Toutefois, aucune ne sâest penchĂ©e sur la comprĂ©hension des questions reliĂ©es au genre dans les rĂ©cits historiques par les Ă©lĂšves. Cette Ă©tude propose de combler cette absence grĂące Ă une Ă©tude de cas exploratoire auprĂšs dâĂ©lĂšves de quatriĂšme secondaire en histoire nationale. Nous avons interrogĂ© les adolescents sur leurs conceptions du manuel dâhistoire et du fĂ©minisme par voie de questionnaire (n=595) et Ă lâaide dâentretiens individuels (n=9). Durant ces entrevues, des extraits de manuels offrant des discours divergents sur le fĂ©minisme leur Ă©taient prĂ©sentĂ©s. Ce travail dĂ©crit et analyse les usages du manuel par les Ă©lĂšves, leurs conceptions des luttes fĂ©ministes dans lâhistoire, de mĂȘme que leur comprĂ©hension du rĂŽle accordĂ© aux femmes dans les rĂ©cits historiques (agentivitĂ©). Les Ă©lĂšves perçoivent le manuel dâhistoire comme vĂ©ridique et neutre. Ils lâutilisent dâabord et avant tout afin de rĂ©pondre Ă des questions de repĂ©rage dâinformations historiques. Ils sont peu enclins Ă le remettre en question, mĂȘme lorsquâils sont confrontĂ©s Ă des rĂ©cits contradictoires. Ils ont plutĂŽt tendance Ă amoindrir les diffĂ©rences retrouvĂ©es dans les rĂ©cits afin que le discours corresponde Ă leurs conceptions initiales de la matiĂšre. Pour une majoritĂ© dâĂ©lĂšves, les luttes fĂ©ministes sont associĂ©es au passĂ© et il y a peu de liens Ă faire avec le prĂ©sent. Le mouvement fĂ©ministe est associĂ© de maniĂšre prĂ©pondĂ©rante Ă lâobtention du droit de vote et Ă quelques Ă©vĂšnements ponctuels dĂ©nuĂ©s de contextualisation. Les stĂ©rĂ©otypes de genre sont perceptibles dans les rĂ©ponses de nombreux adolescents, de mĂȘme que lâantifĂ©minisme, dans une moindre proportion. Cependant, la majoritĂ© des Ă©lĂšves rencontrĂ©s en entrevue a Ă©tĂ© en mesure de dĂ©celer des diffĂ©rences en fonction de lâagentivitĂ© dans les extraits de manuels proposĂ©s. Cela nous porte Ă croire que le dĂ©veloppement dâhabiletĂ©s liĂ©es Ă la pensĂ©e historienne en classe pourrait mener les Ă©lĂšves Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir de maniĂšre critique aux rapports de genre dans lâhistoire.
Mots-clés : manuels ; féminisme ; histoire des femmes ; genre ; histoire nationale ; école secondaire ; agentivité ; pensée historienne.Several research in history education have focused on the low number of women found in textbooks. However, none has looked at the issues of gender in the historical understanding of students. This study proposes to address these questions through an exploratory case study conducted with grade 10 students of national history. We asked these teenagers about their conceptions of the history textbook and feminism; first by using a questionnaire (n = 595) and then with the help of individual interviews (n = 9). During these interviews, excerpts of textbooks offering divergent narratives on feminism were presented. This thesis describes and analyzes the use of the textbooks by students, their conceptions of feminist struggles in history, as well as their understanding of the role of women in historical accounts (agency). Students perceive the history textbook as true and neutral. They first and foremost use it to answer queries related to specific historical content. They are reluctant to question it, even when faced with conflicting accounts. They tend to lessen the differences found in the narratives so that it reflects their initial conceptions of the subject. A majority of student associate the feminist movement with the past and make little links with the present. Their knowledge of feminism is predominantly limited to the right to vote and a very few other events, all devoid of context. Gender stereotypes are evident in the responses of many teenagers as well as anti-feminism, to a lesser extent. However, the majority of students interviewed were able to identify some differences in terms of the agency of women found in textbooks. This leads us to believe that the development of historical thinking in a classroom context could lead students to think more critically about gender issues in history.
Keywords: textbooks; feminism; womenâs history; gender ; national history; high school; agency; historical thinking.
Travail social et maternité hors mariage au Québec, 1950-1970 : entre doctrine catholique et progressisme
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal
Combien ou comment ? Les femmes canadiennes dans les récits scolaires et dans la mémoire collective, rétrospective des recherches depuis 1980
Lâhistoire des femmes peine toujours Ă faire sa place dans la mĂ©moire collective et dans lâenseignement de lâhistoire au Canada. Le prĂ©sent article propose une courte recension des Ă©crits publiĂ©s depuis 1980 Ă ce sujet. Si certaines recherches ont posĂ© la question Ă savoir « combien » de femmes Ă©taient prĂ©sentes dans les rĂ©cits, câest surtout le « comment » qui a intĂ©ressĂ© les chercheuses et les chercheurs. Les Ă©tudes, provenant des dĂ©partements dâhistoire et des facultĂ©s dâĂ©ducation, ont portĂ© sur trois aspects : la mĂ©moire collective, les manuels scolaires et la comprĂ©hension des Ă©lĂšves du rĂŽle des femmes dans lâhistoire. MalgrĂ© la trĂšs lente Ă©volution de la reprĂ©sentation des femmes dans la trame narrative de lâhistoire canadienne, lâanalyse des recherches sur cette question permet un regard critique sur la construction des rĂ©cits historiques et mĂšne Ă une rĂ©flexion nĂ©cessaire sur les Ă©vĂ©nements commĂ©moratifs rĂ©cents. Womenâs history is still waiting to gain more place in collective memory and history teaching in Canada. This article provides a brief review of the literature published since 1980 on this topic. While some research has posed the question of "how many" women are present in the narratives, "how they are represented" was the focus of most researchers. Studies from history departments and faculties of education concentrated on three aspects: collective memory, textbooks, and student understanding of womenâs agency. Despite the very slow evolution of the representation of women in the narrative framework of Canadian history, this paper allows a critical perspective at the construction of historical narratives and leads to a necessary closer look on recent commemorative events
Regard historique sur lâĂ©valuation des apprentissages au secondaire au QuĂ©bec : quels sont les problĂ©matiques et les objets des recherches depuis 1995?
Educational assessment has been the subject of much investigation during the last three decades. The competency-based approach to school curricula beginning in the 1995s (Conseil supĂ©rieur de lâĂ©ducation [CSE], 2003; Dionne, 2005; Laurier, 2014) has impacted research in this field. Challenges in incorporating evaluation within a competency-based approach led us to conduct a systematic review of the literature in these areas from 1995 to 2021 in order to offer readers a global view of this field at the secondary level. This allowed us to select a set of 37 articles for analysis. This review of the literature shows that the research that was conducted during this period can be grouped into three themes: How to attest to the level of competence of students? How to integrate the assessment of learning into teaching approaches? Why evaluates students? These three themes are not mutually exclusive, but the analysis of themes and objectives in the literature makes it possible to delineate them.
 LâĂ©valuation des apprentissages a fait lâobjet de nombreuses investigations durant les trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Lâapproche par compĂ©tences, particuliĂšrement prĂ©sente Ă partir de 1995 et adoptĂ©e dans les programmes scolaires par la suite a occupĂ© une place importante dans ce domaine de recherche (Conseil supĂ©rieur de lâĂ©ducation [CSE], 2003; Dionne, 2005; Laurier, 2014). En vue de proposer aux lecteurs un portrait global de ce champ au palier secondaire, nous avons scrutĂ© ces recherches pour la pĂ©riode entre 1995 et 2021. Le prĂ©sent article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats dâune recension des Ă©crits. Celle-ci nous a permis de sĂ©lectionner un ensemble de 37 articles pour fins dâanalyse. Il ressort de cet examen de la littĂ©rature que les recherches qui ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es au cours de cette pĂ©riode concernent trois thĂ©matiques : Comment attester du niveau de compĂ©tences des Ă©lĂšves? Comment intĂ©grer lâĂ©valuation des apprentissages aux dĂ©marches dâenseignement? Pourquoi Ă©valuer les Ă©lĂšves? Ces trois thĂ©matiques ne sont pas mutuellement exclusives, mais lâanalyse de leur problĂ©matique et de leurs objectifs permet de les dĂ©limiter.
Collaborer pour mieux Ă©valuer : analyse des croyances Ă©pistĂ©mologiques dâenseignants dâhistoire du QuĂ©bec et du Canada
The FĂ©dĂ©ration des Ă©coles privĂ©es du QuĂ©bec, in collaboration with the Historical Thinking for Canada's Future project, have joined force to create an examination template for the third year Secondary history course. During working meetings, the research team, composed of teachers, researchers and a pedagogical advisor, formulated a first prototype on the theme of Jacques Cartier's travels. The assessment grid decided upon had vague criteria as teachers wanted to have more leeway in deciding the quality of studentsâ response. After administering the test to their students, the team has analyzed the students' answers in order to highlight the grading criteria that the teachers seemed to value. In the end, we can conclude that these criteria are very specific and are based on the epistemology of history thus illustrating a form of contradiction between the vague grading criteria shared with students and the true criteria used by teachers.La FĂ©dĂ©ration des Ă©coles privĂ©es du QuĂ©bec en collaboration avec le projet Penser historiquement pour lâavenir du Canada a entamĂ© un processus de rĂ©daction dâune Ă©preuve Ă©valuative pour le cours dâhistoire de 3e secondaire. Lors de rencontres de travail, lâĂ©quipe de recherche, composĂ©e dâenseignants, de chercheuses et dâun conseiller pĂ©dagogique, a formulĂ© un premier prototype de tĂąche sous le thĂšme des voyages de Jacques Cartier. AprĂšs lâadministration de lâĂ©preuve aux Ă©lĂšves par les enseignants, nous avons analysĂ© les copies, ce qui a fait ressortir les critĂšres auxquels les enseignants accordent de lâimportance lors de lâĂ©valuation. Enfin, nous pouvons conclure que ces critĂšres peuvent non seulement ĂȘtre trĂšs spĂ©cifiques, mais aussi ĂȘtre basĂ©s sur des techniques propres Ă la science historique. Or, a priori, les enseignants rencontrĂ©s expriment que ces critĂšres doivent ĂȘtre larges, ce qui les poussent Ă opter pour une grille dâĂ©valuation laissant une grande place aux diffĂ©rentes interprĂ©tations
Novel Insights Regarding the Operational Characteristics and Teleological Purpose of the Renal Na+-K+-Cl2 Cotransporter (NKCC2s) Splice Variants
The absorptive Na+-K+-Clâ cotransporter (NKCC2) is a polytopic protein that forms homooligomeric complexes in the apical membrane of the thick ascending loop of Henle (TAL). It occurs in at least four splice variants (called B, A, F, and AF) that are identical to one another except for a short region in the membrane-associated domain. Although each of these variants exhibits unique functional properties and distributions along the TAL, their teleological purpose and structural organization remain poorly defined. In the current work, we provide additional insight in these regards by showing in mouse that the administration of either furosemide or an H2O-rich diet, which are predicted to alter NKCC2 expression in the TAL, exerts differential effects on mRNA levels for the variants, increasing those of A (furosemide) but decreasing those of F and AF (furosemide or H2O). Based on a yeast two-hybrid mapping analysis, we also show that the formation of homooligomeric complexes is mediated by two self-interacting domains in the COOH terminus (residues 671 to 816 and 910 to 1098), and that these complexes could probably include more than one type of variant. Taken together, the data reported here suggest that A, F, and AF each play unique roles that are adapted to specific physiological needs, and that the accomplishment of such roles is coordinated through the splicing machinery as well as complex NKCC2âNKCC2 interactions
HURP permits MTOC sorting for robust meiotic spindle bipolarity, similar to extra centrosome clustering in cancer cells
Similar to clustering of extra centrosomes in cancer cells, HURP promotes microtubule stability and sorts MTOCs into distinct poles during meiosis
Mucolipidosis II : a single causal mutation in the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase gene (GNPTAB) in a French Canadian founder population
Mucolipidosis (ML) II (I-cell disease) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. MLII is an autosomal recessive disease with a carrier rate estimated at 1/39 in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) (Quebec, Canada), which is the highest frequency documented worldwide. To identify the causing mutation, we sequenced GNPTAB exons in 27 parents of 16 MLII-deceased children from the SLSJ region as obligatory and potential carriers. We also performed a genealogical reconstruction for each parent to evaluate consanguinity levels and genetic contribution of ancestors. Our goal was to identify which parameters could explain the high MLII frequency observed in the SLSJ population. A single mutation (c.3503_3504delTC) was found in all obligatory carriers. In addition, 11 apparent polymorphisms were identified. The mutation was not detected in genomic DNA of 50 unrelated controls. Genealogical data show six founders (three couples) with a higher probability of having introduced the mutation in the population. The frequency of the mutation was increased as a consequence of this founder effect and of the resulting population structure. We suggest that c.3503_3504delTC is the allele causing MLII in the SLSJ population, and its high carrier rate is most likely explained by a founder effect
- âŠ