Milk fatty acid composition and associated rumen lipolysis and fatty acid hydrogenation when feeding forages from intensively managed or semi-natural grasslands

In order to evaluate the effect of replacing intensive forage by semi-natural grassland products on rumen lipid metabolism and milk fatty acid composition, four lactating and rumen canulated Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four different diets were fed: diet 100 IM - 100% intensively managed silage (IM), diet 20 SPP - 80% IM plus 20% semi-natural but species poor silage (SPP), diet 60 SPP - 40% IM plus 60% SPP and diet 60 SPR - 40% IM plus 60% semi-natural species rich silage (SPR). The silages showed significant differences in total fat content and in proportions of C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3. Despite the reduced dietary supply of C18:3 n-3 with diets 60 SPP and 60 SPR, differences in milk C18:3 n-3 were small, suggesting higher recoveries of C18:3 n-3. Presumably, the latter are related to a higher transfer efficiency of C18:3 n-3 from the duodenum to the mammary gland, since rumen biohydrogenation, estimated from rumen pool size and first order rumen clearance kinetics, were similar among diets. CLA c9t11 in milk from cows fed diet 60 SPR were almost doubled compared to feeding one of the other diets. This has been related to the partial inhibition of rumen biohydrogenation of C18:3 n-3 and/or C18:2 n-6, as suggested by the increased proportions of hydrogenation isomers and reduced stearic acid proportions in rumen pool samples. In conclusion, the results suggest that the use of semi-natural grasslands in the diet of the animals reduce to some extent complete rumen biohydrogenation, which leads to an increase in milk CLA

Тенденції розвитку світового ринку логістики

Розвиток світового ринку логістики в 21-му столітті визначається достатньо суперечливими тенденціями. Будучи, по своїй природі, складовою інфраструктурного сектору міжнародної економіки, світовий транспортно-логістичний комплекс знаходиться в залежному положенні від галузей матеріально-речового виробництва. Тому кризові явища у виробничій сфері не можуть не позначатися на світовому ринку логістичних послуг. Водночас, логістичний ринок сам виступає чинником інтенсифікації та оптимізації виробництва. Тому виробничий сектор та сектор транспорно – логістичних послуг є взаємопов’язані складним чином, але мають дещо відмінну один від одного динаміку та тенденції розвитку. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2639

The Hyponatremic Hypertensive Syndrome in a Preterm Infant: A Case of Severe Hyponatremia with Neurological Sequels

Objective. To report the irreversible severe neurological symptoms following the hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) in an infant after umbilical arterial catheterization. Design. Case report with review of the literature. Setting. Neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patient. A three-week-old preterm infant. Conclusions. In evaluating a neonate with hyponatremia and hypertension, HHS should be considered, especially in case of umbilical arterial catheterization. In case of diagnostic delay, there is a risk of severe irreversible neurological damage

Effect van graasduur op grasklaver en snijmaïsopname en op de stikstofuitscheiding in de urine = The effect of grazing time on the intake of grass/clover and silage maize and on the production of urine nitrogen

The report describes research into the optimum grazing time from the production and environmental points of view. An experiment has been carried out with limited and very limited grazing. Treatment influenced the intake of grass/clover mixture and maize silage as well as the composition of urin

Complex nature of SNP genotype effects on gene expression in primary human leucocytes.

This is a freely-available open access publication. Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.BACKGROUND: Genome wide association studies have been hugely successful in identifying disease risk variants, yet most variants do not lead to coding changes and how variants influence biological function is usually unknown. METHODS: We correlated gene expression and genetic variation in untouched primary leucocytes (n = 110) from individuals with celiac disease - a common condition with multiple risk variants identified. We compared our observations with an EBV-transformed HapMap B cell line dataset (n = 90), and performed a meta-analysis to increase power to detect non-tissue specific effects. RESULTS: In celiac peripheral blood, 2,315 SNP variants influenced gene expression at 765 different transcripts (< 250 kb from SNP, at FDR = 0.05, cis expression quantitative trait loci, eQTLs). 135 of the detected SNP-probe effects (reflecting 51 unique probes) were also detected in a HapMap B cell line published dataset, all with effects in the same allelic direction. Overall gene expression differences within the two datasets predominantly explain the limited overlap in observed cis-eQTLs. Celiac associated risk variants from two regions, containing genes IL18RAP and CCR3, showed significant cis genotype-expression correlations in the peripheral blood but not in the B cell line datasets. We identified 14 genes where a SNP affected the expression of different probes within the same gene, but in opposite allelic directions. By incorporating genetic variation in co-expression analyses, functional relationships between genes can be more significantly detected. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the complex nature of genotypic effects in human populations makes the use of a relevant tissue, large datasets, and analysis of different exons essential to enable the identification of the function for many genetic risk variants in common diseases.Coeliac UKNetherlands Organization for Scientific ResearchCeliac Disease Consortium (an innovative cluster approved by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative and partly funded by the Dutch government)Netherlands Genomics InitiativeWellcome Trus

Compartmentalized PDE4A5 signaling impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and long-term memory

Alterations in cAMP signaling are thought to contribute to neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Members of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family, which contains &gt;25 different isoforms, play a key role in determining spatial cAMP degradation so as to orchestrate compartmentalized cAMP signaling in cells. Each isoform binds to a different set of protein complexes through its unique N-terminal domain, thereby leading to targeted degradation of cAMP in specific intracellular compartments. However, the functional role of specific compartmentalized PDE4 isoforms has not been examined in vivo. Here, we show that increasing protein levels of the PDE4A5 isoform in mouse hippocampal excitatory neurons impairs a long-lasting form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and attenuates hippocampus-dependent long-term memories without affecting anxiety. In contrast, viral expression of a truncated version of PDE4A5, which lacks the unique N-terminal targeting domain, does not affect long-term memory. Further, overexpression of the PDE4A1 isoform, which targets a different subset of signalosomes, leaves memory undisturbed. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor-based cAMP measurements reveal that the full-length PDE4A5, in contrast to the truncated form, hampers forskolin-mediated increases in neuronal cAMP levels. Our study indicates that the unique N-terminal localization domain of PDE4A5 is essential for the targeting of specific cAMP-dependent signaling underlying synaptic plasticity and memory. The development of compounds to disrupt the compartmentalization of individual PDE4 isoforms by targeting their unique N-terminal domains may provide a fruitful approach to prevent cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders that are associated with alterations in cAMP signaling

Sleep deprivation causes memory deficits by negatively impacting neuronal connectivity in hippocampal area CA1

Brief periods of sleep loss have long-lasting consequences such as impaired memory consolidation. Structural changes in synaptic connectivity have been proposed as a substrate of memory storage. Here, we examine the impact of brief periods of sleep deprivation on dendritic structure. In mice, we find that five hours of sleep deprivation decreases dendritic spine numbers selectively in hippocampal area CA1 and increased activity of the filamentous actin severing protein cofilin. Recovery sleep normalizes these structural alterations. Suppression of cofilin function prevents spine loss, deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and impairments in long-term memory caused by sleep deprivation. The elevated cofilin activity is caused by cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase-4A5 (PDE4A5), which hampers cAMP-PKA-LIMK signaling. Attenuating PDE4A5 function prevents changes in cAMP-PKA-LIMK-cofilin signaling and cognitive deficits associated with sleep deprivation. Our work demonstrates the necessity of an intact cAMP-PDE4-PKA-LIMK-cofilin activation-signaling pathway for sleep deprivation-induced memory disruption and reduction in hippocampal spine density