Generalized Bose-Einstein Condensation

Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation (GBEC) involves condensates appearing simultaneously in multiple states. We review examples of the three types in an ideal Bose gas with different geometries. In Type I there is a discrete number of quantum states each having macroscopic occupation; Type II has condensation into a continuous band of states, with each state having macroscopic occupation; in Type III each state is microscopically occupied while the entire condensate band is macroscopically occupied. We begin by discussing Type I or "normal" BEC into a single state for an isotropic harmonic oscillator potential. Other geometries and external potentials are then considered: the {}"channel" potential (harmonic in one dimension and hard-wall in the other), which displays Type II, the {}"cigar trap" (anisotropic harmonic potential), and the "Casimir prism" (an elongated box), the latter two having Type III condensations. General box geometries are considered in an appendix. We particularly focus on the cigar trap, which Van Druten and Ketterle first showed had a two-step condensation: a GBEC into a band of states at a temperature $T_{c}$ and another "one-dimensional" transition at a lower temperature $T_{1}$ into the ground state. In a thermodynamic limit in which the ratio of the dimensions of the anisotropic harmonic trap is kept fixed, $T_{1}$ merges with the upper transition, which then becomes a normal BEC. However, in the thermodynamic limit of Beau and Zagrebnov, in which the ratio of the boundary lengths increases exponentially, $T_{1}$ becomes fixed at the temperature of a true Type I phase transition. The effects of interactions on GBEC are discussed and we show that there is evidence that Type III condensation may have been observed in the cigar trap.Comment: 17 pages; 6 figures. Intended for American Journal of Physic

Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by profound hepatocellular dysfunction for which targeted treatments are urgently needed. Identification of molecular drivers is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. By performing RNA sequencing in livers from patients with different phenotypes of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), we show that development of AH is characterized by defective activity of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs). TGFβ1 is a key upstream transcriptome regulator in AH and induces the use of HNF4α P2 promoter in hepatocytes, which results in defective metabolic and synthetic functions. Gene polymorphisms in LETFs including HNF4α are not associated with the development of AH. In contrast, epigenetic studies show that AH livers have profound changes in DNA methylation state and chromatin remodeling, affecting HNF4α-dependent gene expression. We conclude that targeting TGFβ1 and epigenetic drivers that modulate HNF4α-dependent gene expression could be beneficial to improve hepatocellular function in patients with AH

The SPIRAL radioactive ion beam facility

This document describes the scientific goals as well as the technical choices of the SPIRAL project (Système de Production d'Ions Radioactifs et d'Accélération en Ligne)

Treatment of typhoid fever using ofloxacin. Clinical experience and determination of antibiotic diffusion into the mesenteric lymph nodes

Nine patients with typhoid fever were given ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 400 mg for ten days. All patients recovered with no relapses. No case of Salmonella typhi carriage was recorded. Diffusion of ofloxacin into mesenteric lymph nodes was studied in four patients. Mean concentration was 1.46 micrograms/g after four 200 mg doses. According to our results, ofloxacin could be considered as one of the alternatives for treating typhoid fever

Treatment of typhoid fever using ofloxacin. Clinical experience and determination of antibiotic diffusion into the mesenteric lymph nodes

Nine patients with typhoid fever were given ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 400 mg for ten days. All patients recovered with no relapses. No case of Salmonella typhi carriage was recorded. Diffusion of ofloxacin into mesenteric lymph nodes was studied in four patients. Mean concentration was 1.46 micrograms/g after four 200 mg doses. According to our results, ofloxacin could be considered as one of the alternatives for treating typhoid fever

Treatment of typhoid fever using ofloxacin. Clinical experience and determination of antibiotic diffusion into the mesenteric lymph nodes

Nine patients with typhoid fever were given ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 400 mg for ten days. All patients recovered with no relapses. No case of Salmonella typhi carriage was recorded. Diffusion of ofloxacin into mesenteric lymph nodes was studied in four patients. Mean concentration was 1.46 micrograms/g after four 200 mg doses. According to our results, ofloxacin could be considered as one of the alternatives for treating typhoid fever

Enquête SPA2 de prévalence et de bon usage des anti-infectieux dans 314 hôpitaux français en 2010

International audienceObjectivesWe aimed to assess antibiotic prescriptions to identify potential targets for improvement.MethodsWe conducted a point prevalence survey (November 2010) of antibiotic use in 314 voluntary hospitals recruited by the French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) and the National Observatory for Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials (ONERBA). Data were entered online, immediately analyzed and exported.ResultsThe prevalence of antibiotic use was 19.5% (9059/46,446patients). A higher prevalence was observed in the infectious disease (58.4%), hematology (58%), and intensive care (48.7%) units. The three most frequently used antibiotic classes were aminopenicillins (23.8%), fluoroquinolones (17.9%), and 3rd-generation cephalosporins (16.7%). A monotherapy was prescribed to 64% of patients. The reasons for the antibiotic prescription were written in the medical records of 74% of patients and 62% were consistent with the local guidelines.ConclusionOur results are similar to that of other studies. Various local targets for improvement have been identified to help hospitals define a better antibiotic stewardship.ObjectifsÉvaluer les prescriptions antibiotiques afin de proposer des pistes d’amélioration.MéthodesNous avons réalisé une enquête de prévalence de l’antibiothérapie, en novembre 2010, dans 314 hôpitaux volontaires recrutés par les réseaux de la SPILF et de l’ONERBA. Les données étaient saisies en ligne avec une analyse instantanée et un export des données.RésultatsLa prévalence de l’antibiothérapie était de 19,5 % (9059/46 446patients). Elle était plus élevée en maladies infectieuses (58,4 %), hématologie (58 %) et réanimation (48,7 %). Les trois classes les plus fréquentes étaient les aminopénicillines (23,8 %), les fluoroquinolones (17,9 %) et les céphalosporines de 3e génération (16,7 %). Une monothérapie était utilisée dans 64 % des cas. Le motif de la prescription était noté dans le dossier médical dans 74 % des cas et était conforme aux recommandations locales dans 62 %.ConclusionsCes résultats sont similaires à ceux d’autres enquêtes. Des possibilités d’amélioration sur des critères locaux permettent aux établissements d’orienter leurs politiques d’amélioration de la prescription

Guidelines for the management of accidental exposure to Brucella in a country with no case of brucellosis in ruminant animals

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La civelle d'anguille (Anguilla anguilla L.) dans le bassin de l'Adour : productions et influence des conditions environnementales sur sa capturabilite et analyse exploratoire des captures

Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RL 88 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEMinistere de l'Agriculture, de la Peche et de l'Alimentation, 75 - Paris (France). Direction des Peches Maritimes et des Cultures MarinesFRFranc