The use of certain social group work concepts in the development of citizen participation in urban renewal: A study of the activities of a social worker assigned to develop citizen participation in the neighborhoods of a large residential district of Boston

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Age Differences in the Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk with Cognition and Quality of Life

Using a sample of 2925 stroke-free participants drawn from a national population-based study, we examined cross-sectional associations of obstructive sleep apnea risk (OSA) with cognition and quality of life and whether these vary with age, while controlling for demographics and co-morbidities. Included participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study were aged 47-93. OSA risk was categorized as high or low based on responses to the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed with standardized fluency and recall measures. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the four-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 (SF-12). MANCOVA statistics were applied separately to the cognitive and quality of life dependent variables while accounting for potential confounders (demographics, co-morbidities). In fully adjusted models, those at high risk for OSA had significantly lower cognitive scores (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.996, F(3, 2786) = 3.31, p < .05) and lower quality of life (depressive symptoms and HRQoL) (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.989, F(3, 2786) = 10.02, p < .0001). However, some of the associations were age-dependent. Differences in cognition and quality of life between those at high and low obstructive sleep apnea risk were most pronounced during middle age, with attenuated effects after age 70

Dynamical Mass Constraints on Low-Mass Pre-Main-Sequence Stellar Evolutionary Tracks: An Eclipsing Binary in Orion with a 1.0 Msun Primary and an 0.7 Msun Secondary

We report the discovery of a double-lined, spectroscopic, eclipsing binary in the Orion star-forming region. We analyze the system spectroscopically and photometrically to empirically determine precise, distance-independent masses, radii, effective temperatures, and luminosities for both components. The measured masses for the primary and secondary, accurate to ~1%, are 1.01 Msun and 0.73 Msun, respectively; thus the primary is a definitive pre-main-sequence solar analog, and the secondary is the lowest-mass star yet discovered among pre-main-sequence eclipsing binary systems. We use these fundamental measurements to test the predictions of pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary tracks. None of the models we examined correctly predict the masses of the two components simultaneously, and we implicate differences between the theoretical and empirical effective temperature scales for this failing. All of the models predict the observed slope of the mass-radius relationship reasonably well, though the observations tend to favor models with low convection efficiencies. Indeed, considering our newly determined mass measurements together with other dynamical mass measurements of pre-main-sequence stars in the literature, as well as measurements of Li abundances in these stars, we show that the data strongly favor evolutionary models with inefficient convection in the stellar interior, even though such models cannot reproduce the properties of the present-day Sun.Comment: Accepted by Ap

New species of Phoebis

5 p. : ill. ; 24 cm."Bibliography of original descriptions": p. 5

Ornithology of the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysia

The Kelabit Highlands played a key role in the development of modern Bornean ornithology. The Highlands consist of a plateau at 1000-1200 m with substantial wet rice paddy and surrounding taller mountains. These physical features lead to an unusual combination of montane, lowland, and migratory birds. This avifauna was studied in the 1940s to 1950s by two ornithologists whose collaboration helped usher in the modern era of Bornean ornithology: Tom Harrisson of the Sarawak Museum and Dean Amadon of the American Museum of Natural History. We examine their collaboration and explain how these men contributed to Bertram Smythies' milestone book, The Birds of Borneo (1960). Although the roles of Harrisson and Smythies in Bornean ornithology are well known, the contribution of Dean Amadon is not generally appreciated, and we clarify it. In the process, we also consider modern work on the Kelabit avifauna, including our own expedition in 2011, and the current status of Kelabit birds and issues relating to their conservation and potential for further stud

Reflecting on loss in Papua New Guinea

This article takes up the conundrum of conducting anthropological fieldwork with people who claim that they have 'lost their culture,' as is the case with Suau people in the Massim region of Papua New Guinea. But rather than claiming culture loss as a process of dispossession, Suau claim it as a consequence of their own attempts to engage with colonial interests. Suau appear to have responded to missionization and their close proximity to the colonial-era capital by jettisoning many of the practices characteristic of Massim societies, now identified as 'kastom.' The rejection of kastom in order to facilitate their relations with Europeans during colonialism, followed by the mourning for kastom after independence, both invite consideration of a kind of reflexivity that requires action based on the presumed perspective of another

Observations of T-Tauri Stars using HST-GHRS: I. Far Ultraviolet Emission Lines

We have analyzed GHRS data of eight CTTS and one WTTS. The GHRS data consists of spectral ranges 40 A wide centered on 1345, 1400, 1497, 1550, and 1900 A. These UV spectra show strong SiIV, and CIV emission, and large quantities of sharp (~40 km/s) H2 lines. All the H2 lines belong to the Lyman band and all the observed lines are single peaked and optically thin. The averages of all the H2 lines centroids for each star are negative which may indicate that they come from an outflow. We interpret the emission in H2 as being due to fluorescence, mostly by Ly_alpha, and identify seven excitation routes within 4 A of that line. We obtain column densities (10^12 to 10^15 cm^-2) and optical depths (~1 or less) for each exciting transition. We conclude that the populations are far from being in thermal equilibrium. We do not observe any lines excited from the far blue wing of Ly_alpha, which implies that the molecular features are excited by an absorbed profile. SiIV and CIV (corrected for H2 emission) have widths of ~200 km/s, and an array of centroids (blueshifted lines, centered, redshifted). These characteristics are difficult to understand in the context of current models of the accretion shock. For DR Tau we observe transient strong blueshifted emission, perhaps the a result of reconnection events in the magnetosphere. We also see evidence of multiple emission regions for the hot lines. While CIV is optically thin in most stars in our sample, SiIV is not. However, CIV is a good predictor of SiIV and H2 emission. We conclude that most of the flux in the hot lines may be due to accretion processes, but the line profiles can have multiple and variable components.Comment: 67 pages, 19 figures, Accepted in Ap

Mapping the Circumstellar Environment of T Tauri with Fluorescent H_2 Emission

We have obtained three long-slit, far UV spectra of the pre-main sequence system T Tauri. These HST/STIS spectra show a strong and variable on-source spectrum composed of both fluoresced H_2 and stellar chromospheric lines. Extended H_2 emission is seen up to 10" from the T Tau system. The on-source and extended H_2 are both pumped by H I Lyman alpha. The on-source H_2 is pumped by the red wing of a broad, self-absorbed Ly-alpha line, while the progressions seen in the extended gas are pumped from near line center. This suggests that the extended H_2 is pumped locally, and not by the stellar Ly-alpha line. The H_2 to the north and west coincides with the evacuated cavity bounded by the optical reflection nebulosity; to the south the extended H_2 coincides with the HH 255 outflow from the embedded infrared companion T Tau S. The spatial profile of the extended gas shows a prominent dip coincident with the position of T Tau S. This may be absorption by a disk associated with T Tau S. There is no evidence for absorption by a disk surrounding T Tau N large enough to obscure T Tau S.Comment: 46 pages, including 12 figures and 5 tables. To appear in the Astronomical Journal, December 200

Does wage rank affect employees' well-being?

How do workers make wage comparisons? Both an experimental study and an analysis of 16,000 British employees are reported. Satisfaction and well-being levels are shown to depend on more than simple relative pay. They depend upon the ordinal rank of an individual's wage within a comparison group. “Rank” itself thus seems to matter to human beings. Moreover, consistent with psychological theory, quits in a workplace are correlated with pay distribution skewness